2008, hm 2. ( Commodity Bundle) [ 6], 25 4 Vol. 25 No JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES Apr., , 2, 3, 1, 2 3*,

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1 25 4 Vol. 25 No JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES Apr., , 2, 3, 3*, 3, 3, 1, 2 ( 1., ; 2., ; 3., ) :,,,,, ;, 2005, , 2005 :,,, : ; ; ; ; : F : A : ( 2010) [ 1-3 ],, [ 4 ], , hm 2,,,,,,,,, [ 5], 1, :, ( Commodity Bundle) [ 6], : ; : : ( 2006BAJ10B06-2) ; ( 2006BAD02A15 ) : ( ),,,, yuanqz.08b@ igsnrr. ac. cn * : ( ),,,,, jmhao@ cau. edu. cn

2 530 25,,, [ 7-8 ],, [ 9],, 1, ( MPC) ( MPB) E 1, ( MSC) ( MSB) E 2, MPB < MSB, E 1 E 2, MPC = MSC, E 1 Q 1 E 2 Q 2, Fig. 1 1 Schematic diagram of the externality and the market equilibrium in regional cultivated land protection,, MPB, E 1, E 2,, E 1 E ,, i : U i n n = U i ( X i ) + U i ( X j ) - j = 1 j = 1 U j ( X i ) ( i, j = 1, 2,, n; j i) ( 1) : U i i ; U i ( X i ) i X i ; U i ( X j ) j i, U j ( X i ) i j ( 1), i EU i n n EU i = U i - U i ( X i ) = U i ( X j ) - j = 1 j = 1 : U j ( X i ) ( i, j = 1, 2,, n; j i) ( 2), i ;,

3 4 : 531,,, ;, 2. 2,, [ 7, 10-11] i : : EU e i EU i = EU e i + EU s i ( 3) p i = EU i S i ( 4) i, EU s i i ; p i i, S i i : [ 12 ],, 9 9 9,, [ 12],, : EU e i = L i n L S i i = b i k = 1 B P b - S k i i k = 1 B P k ( i = 1, 2,, n; k = 1, 2, 3, 4) : b i i ( ( 6) ; k = 1, 2, 3, 4 4 ; P k ; L i Q = P ( 1 - R) f [ 13 ] ( 5) ) ; B i ; L : Q, P, R, f , [ 14],, [ 15 ], [ 7], ( 6)

4 [ 7, 1 1],, [ 11], : EU s i = 1 n n V i - V i ( 7) i = 1 V i = ( E bi + E ei ) r ( 8) E bi = F i E ai ( 9) E ai = ( Y m b + Y w c) M 1 M 0 ( 10) E ei = N i m ( 11) : V i i ; E bi i, E e i i, r ; F i, Y m, Y w i, E a i i, b, c, M 1, M 0, N i 2. 3 i, m,,,, [ 16],,,,,,, ( [ 17 ] ),, 2. 4 [ 18], : ( 1),, [ 19 ], ( 2),, ;,,,,,, ( 3),,,

5 4 : , : ( 1), ( 2),, ( 3),,, ( 4), ;,, 5 ( 2) Fig. 2 2 Empirical model of the regional compensation mechanism of cultivated land protection 3, ,,, km 2,,, 3,,,,, 3. 2 ( 2006),,,,,,, , 0. 4, [ 13 ] ; : 25%, 12%, 90% [ 13] ;

6 t/ hm 2 [ 20 ] ; / hm 2, / hm 2, / hm 2, / hm 2 [ 12 ] / 1 1, 30, 1998,,, , : ( ) 190 /100 = % [ 7 ], / [ 1 1] 3. 3, 2005, Table 1 Regional cultivated land protection compensation criteria of Weifang City in 2005 ( ) / hm 2 /10 8 /10 8 /10 8 /( / hm 2 ) ,, ;, ( 3) : 2005,, 50% ; 4. 7, 5. 1 ; GDP / km 2, GDP / km 2, %, GDP / km 2, GDP / km 2, %,,,,,,,,,,

7 4 : Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the regional cultivated land protection compensation subj ect and criteria of Weifang City in 2005,, [ 21 ],,,, 4 ( 1),,, ;, 2005, :,,, ( 2),

8 536 25,,, ( References) : [ 1]. [ M]. :, 2007: [ HAO Jin-min. Land Use Planning. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2007: ] [ 2]. [ M]. :, 1997: [ ZHU De-ju. China Cultivated Land Protection. Beijing: China Land Press, 1997: ] [ 3]. [ J]., 1998, ( 11 ) : [ ZHANG Feng-rong. Some issues in total dynamic balance of cultivated land. China Land, 1998, ( 11) : ] [ 4]. 20 [ J]., 1999, 4 ( 4 ) : [ LI Xiu-bin. Change of arable land area in China during the past 20 years and its policy implications. Journal of Natural Resources, 1999, 4( 4 ) : ] [ 5],,,. [ J]., 2001, 16 ( 4 ) : [ FU Ze-qiang, CAI Yun-long, YANG You-xiao, et al. Research on the relationship of cultivated land change and food security in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2001, 16 ( 4) : ] [ 6] F. [ M].,. :, 1999 : [ Daniel F Spulber. Regulation and Market. Translated by YU Hui, et al. Shanghai: Shanghai Sanlian Publisher, 1999: ] [ 7],. [ J]., 2006, 16 ( 10) : [ CAI Yun-long, HUO Ya-qin. Reevaluating cultivated land in China: Method and case studies. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 16( 10) : ] [ 8],,. [ J]., 2008, 63( 3 ) : [ LI Cui-zhen, KONG Xiang-bin, SUN Xian-hai. Cultivated land resources value system and its evaluation in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63( 3 ) : ] [ 9],,. [ J]., 2004, ( 4) : [ DONG De-kun, ZHU Daolin, WANG Xia. Analysis of the non-agriculture of the cultivated land. Economic Issues, 2004, ( 4) : ] [ 10]. [ J]., 2004, ( S1) : [ CHE Yu-bin. Study on the ecological value and its realization of the cultivated land resources. Ecological Economy, 2004, ( S1) : ] [ 11],,. : [ J]., 2006, 28 ( 6) : [ CHEN Li, QU Fu-tian, SHI Xue-yi. The social value of cultivated land resources: A case in Liulin County of Shanxi Province. Resources Science, 2006, 28 ( 6) : ] [ 12],,,. [ J]., 2003, 18( 2) : [ XIE Gao-di, LU Chun-xia, LENG Yun-fa, et al. Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2003, 18 ( 2) : ] [ 13]. [ D]. :, 2007 : [ BAI Ying-chun. Land Productivity Based Assessment Method Study on the Cultivated Land Dynamic Balance. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2007: ] [ 14]. [ J]., 2007, ( 9) : [ LI Cui-mei. Discussion based on the perspective of the regional difference of the cultivated land guarantee function. Seeking, 2007, ( 9) : ] [ 15 ]. [ J]., 2005, ( 3) : [ ZHOU Jian-chun. Discussion of the peasant land rights protection from the loss of the cultivated land. China Development Observe, 2005, ( 3) : ] [ 16]. : [ J]., 2004, 14 ( 3 ) : [ LIU Xue-min. From Pigou Tax to Kos Theorem : How far have the economics progressed. China Population, Resourcesand Environment, 2004, 14( 3) : ] [ 17]. [ D]. :, [ ZHANG Xiao-jun. Study on Regional Compensation Mechanism of Cultivated Land Protection in China. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, ] [ 18] L. E., D. C.. : [ M]. :, 1996: [ Davis L E,

9 4 : 537 North D C. Theory of Institutional Change: Concept and Cause. Shanghai: Shanghai Sanlian Publisher, 1996 : ] [ 19]. : [ J]., 2007, 48( 12 ) : [ LIU Guang-ming. Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei: Regional ecological compensation promotes the regional harmony. Environmental Economy, 2007, 48( 12 ) : ] [ 20],. [ J]., 1997, 19 ( 4 ) : 1-8. [ WANG Wan-mao, HUANG Xian-jin. Regional division and evaluation on arable land value in mainland China. Natural Resources, 1997, 19 ( 4) : 1-8. ] [ 21] : [ J]., 2009, ( 1) : [ From somebody manage, anybody use to everybody manage, everybody use : The cultivated land protection common responsibility mechanism has been preliminary established in our country. Resources and Human Settlements, 2009, ( 1 ) : ] Study on Establishment of the Regional Compensation Mechanism of Cultivated Land Protection Based on Externality Theory A Case Study of Weifang City from Shandong Province YUAN Quan-zhi 1, 2, 3, HAO Jin-min 3, ZHANG Ling-li 3, WANG Bo-qi 3, LONG Xin 1, 2 ( 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, CAS, Beijing100101, China; 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beij ing100049, China 3. Department of Land Resources and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China) Abstract: The protection of cultivated land is of extremely vital significance in ensuring grain safety in China, as well as ecological security and social stability. Therefore, cultivated land protection has always been the focus of the land resource management in China. Although the constantly strengthened protection system plays an important role, the performance objective is not reached yet as can be evidenced by the rapidly decreasing cultivated area. Of all the causes the situation may result from, the most important one is the unbalance of benefit distribution in cultivated land protection among different regions. Being a rational economic man, local government usually prefers to pursue the maximized local finance, revenue and achievement in his/ her post. On the condition that the internalization of externalities are not realized, they will put less man power, material resources, and finance in agricultural land production, which always gives rise to conflict between local and central government, concurrently with raised issues such as land resources waste, especially the cultivated land resources. This paper elaborates on the importance of establishing the regional cultivated land protection compensation mechanism to improve the cultivated land protection enthusiasm of the local governments and restrain the cultivated land decrease. Based on the externality theory, the theoretical and empirical model of the regional cultivated land protection compensation mechanism is established which simulates the effects and countermeasures of the regional cultivated land protection externality. The definition of the compensation subjects and the calculation of the compensation criteria are discussed in the empirical model, together with the compensation model, the institutional guarantee and the organization establishment. In the last part of the paper, the regional cultivated land protection compensation mechanism of Weifang City in 2005 is established by calculating the compensation criteria and the

10 counties of the city falls into 7 payout regions and 5 payoff regions. It is found that the proportion of cultivated area in both payout regions and payoff regions are roughly the same but the total arable land area and agricultural population of the payout regions are 4. 7 and 5. 1 times that of the payoff regions respectively. As for GDP, the GDP per area of the former is yuan/ km 2, while the latter is yuan/ km 2 which accounts for 78% of the former. The result of the above comparison reveals that the payout regions with larger cultivated land area and greater agricultural population achieve less land use benefit than the payoff regions. The GDP per area of the payoff regions falls to yuan/ km 2 after the compensation paid off with that of the payout regions up to yuan/ km 2, which accounts for 85% of the former. The result shows that the land use benefit of these payout regions is greatly improved and the enthusiasm of the local governments will be enhanced after the regional cultivated land protection compensation is being realized. Till then, issues concerned with resources waste and lack of protective efficacy of arable land will be avoided. Key words: cultivated land protection; compensation mechanism; compensation criteria; externality; Weifang City