, ( ECC) Key words Inhibitors, Urease, Nitrate reductase, Nitrite reductase, Hydroxylamine reductase, Activities. (HQ) [24,25 ].

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1 CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,Sept. 2002,13 (9) (, ) ( HQ) ( ECC) (DCD) ( HQ ECC HQ DCD).,HQ DCD,. NH 4 NO 3 NH 3 N 2 O (2002) S A Response of N transformation related soil enzyme activities to inhibitor applications. CHEN Lijun,WU Zhijie, J IAN G Yong and ZHOU Likai ( Institute of A pplied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, S henyang ). 2Chin. J. A ppl. Ecol.,2002,13 (9) : With an aerobic incubation test,this paper studied the response of soil urease,nitrate reductase,nitrite reductase, and hydroxylamine reductase to urease inhibitor hydroquinone ( HQ) applied in combination with nitrification in2 hibitor encapsulated calcium carbide ( HQ ECC) or dicyandiamide ( HQ DCD). The results showed that HQ DCD could inhibit urease activity and increase activities of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase,and hydroxy2 lamine reductase significantly in comparison with CK, HQ and HQ ECC. Under the condition of our test,there existed a significant relationship between soil urease, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase,and hydroxylamine re2 ductase activities and soil and NO3 contents,nh 3 volatilization and N 2 O emission rate,and regression ana2 lysis indicated that there were significantly positive relationships between soil urease, nitrite reductase and hy2 droxylamine reductase activities. Key words Inhibitors, Urease, Nitrate reductase, Nitrite reductase, Hydroxylamine reductase, Activities. 1 NO 3 N, N H 3 NO 3 N 2 N 2 O N [5,13,14 ]. N, N. ( HQ) (DCD) N, N H 4 NO 3 N H 3 N 2 O N N [6 8,22,23 ],. N [4,17,21,27 ]., 4 ( HQ) ( ECC) (DCD) ( HQ ECC HQ DCD) N,, N , [6 ].. (HQ) [24,25 ]. (DCD) [2 ] ( ECC) [3 ]. 212 CK ( ) HQ ( HQ) HQ ECC( HQ ECC) HQ DCD ( HQ DCD) g %, 3 ( G ) ( KZCX22402) ,

2 %,20 %,1 %, 30 C, 2 2 [17,18,21,27 ]. SPSS ,, N H 3, [4,25 27 N H ] 4.,, ( 3 ) ( 42 ) ( 1a). HQ HQ ECC CK,. HQ DCD. HQ DCD,, N H 3, N H 4. HQ [4,26,27 ],,HQ,HQ ECC HQ DCD 3 HQ,,. HQ DCD N [6,8,22 23 ], HQ DCD Firestone [12 ] Tabatabai [21 ],,. Knowles [19 ],,.,, [17,18,27 ]. Abdelmagid [1 ]., [9 11,16 ]. [1,15 ]. NO 2 NO 3.,,,, ( 1b). 1 Fig. 1 Variation of soil enzyme activity. a) Urease,b) Nitrate reductase,c) Ni2 trite reductase,d) Hydroxylamine reductase.,, [10,11 ],,,.,. HQ DCD 3, 3 ( 1b), HQ DCD NO 3. CK, HQ DCD, HQ DCD p H., p H 7 [15 ], p H [6 ], p H, p H. HQ ECC CaC 2 p H [4,26,27 ], p H

3 9 : 1101 p H,. HQ DCD, NO 3, NO 3 NO 3 N 2 O N N (NO 2 ) (N H 2 OH), N,,., NO 2 N H 2 OH [17,18,27 ],, NO 2 N 2 O [19 ].,, ( 1c). [10,11 ]. CK, HQ DCD., NO 2 N H 2 OH, HQ DCD NO 2, HQ DCD, NO 2 N H 2 OH., N H 2 OH N H 3 OH [17,18,27 ]., ( 1d). HQ DCD, 3. N H 2 OH N H 3 OH, HQ DCD N N H 4 N. 312 N N CK HQ ECC N H 4, HQ HQ DCD N H 4 ( 1). N H 4, N H 4. N H 4. CK HQ ECC N H 3, HQ HQ DCD N H 3 ( 1). N H 3,,N H 3.. HQ DCD HQ N H 3 N, CK HQ ECC N N H 3 ( p H,CaC 2 ), N H 3. 1 N Table 1 Relationships between urease activity and N forms Urease Treatment NO 3 NH 3 N 2 O CK y = x r = HQ y = x r = HQ ECC y = x r = HQ DCD y = x r = x : Urease activity, y :N N forms. 3 P = ; 3 3 P = The same below. NO 3 N 2 O, N [4,5,14,24,25 ] N, N H 4 NO 3,N H 3 N 2 O. N H 4 ( CK HQ HQ ECC) ( HQ DCD),, N H 4 ( 2)., NO 2, N H 3, N H 4., ( ) [16 ],,. NO 3,

4 N Table 2 Relationships between nitrite reductase activity and N forms Treatment Nitrite reductase NO 3 NH 3 N 2 O CK y = x y = x x y = x x r = r = r = HQ y = x y = x x y = x x r = r = r = HQ ECC y = x y = x x y = x x r = r = r = HQ DCD y = Ln( x) y = x x y = x x r = r = r = x : Nitrate reductase activity, y : N N forms., NO 3,, NO 3 ( 2). NO 3, NO 3, NO 2, NO 3 NO 2, NO 3.,, NO 3., NO 2 NO 3 NO 2,,, NO 3. N 2 O, HQ DCD,,N 2 O, NO 3 (,N 2 O 3), NO 3 ( 2).,N 2 O N H 3,. NO 2. HQ HQ ECC N 2 O NO ( 3), 2,,,, NO 2, N 2 O ;, N 2 O.,, 313 N 2 O.,, 4, N 2 O [9 ],., N 2 O. CK, N 2 O HQ DCD. ;CK HQ ECC N HQ ; HQ ECC HQ DCD N H 4. N ( 3). CK HQ ECC N H 4.,, N H 4., N H 3. N H 3 (CK HQ ECC) ( HQ HQ DCD) ( 3). 3 N Table 3 Relationships between hydroxylamine reductase activity and N forms Hydroxylamine reductase Treat2 ment NO 3 NH 3 N 2 O CK y = e x y = x r = r = HQ y = x y = 19. 3e x x y = x y = 0. 08e r = r = r = r = HQ ECC y = e x y = x x y = 0. 06e r = r = r = HQ DCD y = e x y = x r = r = x : Hydroxylamine reductase activity, y : N N forms.,, N [6 8,22,23 ],

5 9 : Table 4 Relationships between soil enzyme activities y x CK HQ HQ ECC HQ DCD U2NAR U2N IR y = x y = x r = r = U2HAR y = x y = x r = r = NAR2N IR NAR2HAR N IR2HAR y = x r = U : Urease ;NAR : Nitrate reductase ; NIR : Nitrite reductase ; HAR : Hydroxylamine reductase.. 4. HQ DCD,, HQ DCD N H 4. NO 3 N 2 O HQ DCD.. 1 Abdelmagid HM and Tabatabai MA Nitrate reductase activi2 ty of soils. Soil Biol Biochem,19 (4) : Ambergaer A Research on dicyandiamide as a nitrification in2 hibitor and future outlook. In : Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. Basel :Marcel Dekker Banerjee,N K and Moiser AR Coated calcium carbide as a ni2 trification inhibitor in upland and flooded soils. J Indian Soc Soil Sci,37 (2) : Bremner J M and Mulvaney RL Urease activity in soils. In : Burns RG ed. Soil Enzymes. London :Academic Press Byrnes BH and Freney J R Recent development on the use of urease inhibitors in the tropics. Fertil Res,42 (1/ 3) : Chen L2J ( ), Shi Y ( ),Li R2H ( ), et al Synergistic effect of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor on urea2n transformation and N 2 O emission. Chin J A ppl Ecol ( ),6 (4) : (in Chinese) 7 Chen LJ, Zhou L K, Van Cleemput O, et al Comparison of urea2derived N 2 O emission from soil and soil2plant system. Pedo2 sphere,10 (3) : Chen L,Boeckx P,Zhou L, et al Effect of hydroquinone,di2 cyandiamide and encapsulated calcium carbide on urea2n uptake by spring wheat,soil mineral N content and N 2 O emission. Soil Use M anag,14 : Dendooven L and Anderson J M Dynamics of reduction en2 zymes involved in the denitrification process in pasture soil. Soil Biol Biochem,26 (11) : Dendooven L,Pemberton E and Anderson J M Denitrification potential and reduction enzymes dynamics in a Norway spruce plan2 tation. Soil Biol Biochem,28 (2) : Ellis S,Howe MT, Goulding KWT, et al Carbon and nitro2 gen dynamics in a grassland soil with varying p H : Effect of p H on the denitrification potential and dynamics of the reduction enzymes. Soil Biol Biochem,30 (3) : Firestone M K Biological denitrification. In :Stevenson FJ ed. Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils. Madison WI : American Society of Agronomy Freney J R,Chen DL,Mosier AR, et al. 1993a. Use of nitrification inhibitors to increase fertilizer nitrogen recovery and link yield in ir2 rigated cotton. Fertil Res,34 : Freney J R, Keerthisinghe DG,Chaiwanakupt P, et al. 1993b. Use of urease inhibitors to reduce ammonia loss following application of urea to flooded fields. Plant Soil,155/ 156 : Fu MH and Tabatabai MA Nitrate reductase activity in soils : Effects of trace elements. Soil Biol Biochem,21 (7) : Griffiths RP, Homann PS and Riley R Denitrification en2 zyme activity of douglas fir and red alder forest soils of the pacific northwest. Soil Biol Biochem,30 (8/ 9) : Guan S2Y ( ) Soil Enzymets and Its Methodology. Beijing :Agricultural Press. (in Chinese) 18 Hazhiev VH ed Trans. Zheng H2Y( ), et al Soil Enzyme Activities. Beijng :Science Press. (in Chinese) 19 Knowles R Denitrification. Microbiol Rev,46 : Rajendra P,Power J F Nitrification inhibitors for agriculture, health and the environment. A dv A gron,54 : Tabatabai MA Soil enzymes. In : Weaver RW eds. Methods of Soil Analisis 2. Microbiological and Biochmical Properties. Wis2 consin :Soil Science Society of America,Madison. pp Xu X2K( ), Zhou L2K( ), van Cleemput O Effect of urease/ nitrification inhibitors on the distribution of trans2 formed urea2n form in soil. Acta Pedol Sin ( ),37 (3) : (in Chinese) 23 Xu XK,Zhou L K,van Cleemput O, et al Fate of urea2 15 N in a soil2wheat system as influenced by urease inhibitor hydroquinone and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide. Plant Soil, 220 : Zhao XY and Zhou L K Effect of the urease inhibitor,hydro2 quinone on soil enzyme activities. Soil Biol Biochem,23 (11) : Zhou L2K( ),Zhao X2Y( ),Li R2H( ), et al Effect of urease inhibitor hydroquinone on urea2n transfor2 mation in soil. Chin J A ppl Ecol ( ), 3 (1) :36 41 (in Chinese) 26 Zhou L2K( ) Soil urease activity and urea2n transfor2 mation in soil. Prog Soil Sci ( ), ( 1) : 1 9 (in Chi2 nese) 27 Zhou L2K( ) Soil Enzymology. Beijng :Science Press. (in Chinese),,1968,,,, 20. E2mail hoo. com. cn