Aerosols and climate. Rob Wood, Atmospheric Sciences
|
|
- Reynold Anderson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Aerosols and climate Rob Wood, Atmospheric Sciences
2 What are aerosols? Solid or liquid particles suspended in air Sizes range from a few nm to a few thousand nm Huge range of masses
3 Where do aerosols come from?
4 Estimate of Present-Day Global Emission of Major Aerosol Types (in Tg/year) Present flux Source Low High Best Soil dust (mineral aerosol) Natural Primary 1,000 3,000 1,500 Sea salt 1,000 10,000 1,300 Volcanic dust 4 10, Biological debris Secondary Sulfates from biogenic gases Sulfates from volcanic SO 2 Organic matter from biogenic NMHC * Nitrates from NO x Present flux Source Low High Best Anthropogenic Primary Industrial dust etc Black carbon (soot and charcoal) Secondary Sulphates from SO Biomass burning (w/o black carbon) Nitrates from NO x Organics from anthropogenic NMHC *
5 [nm]
6 Aerosols and light scattering Scattering of solar radiation per unit mass is maximum when particle size is close to solar wavelengths (λ ~ nm) Particles in the size range nm are most efficient scatterers Particle surface area more important than mass Sca attering ef fficiency per mass Particle diameter [nm]
7 Surface area and mass M = (4π/3) ρ r 3 A = 4π r 2 A/M 1/r when r «λ scattering efficiency increases with r 4 r<100 nm particles don t matter Sc cattering efficiency per mass Particle diameter [nm]
8 Aerosols and light scattering If aerosol particle is soluble then size will depend upon water uptake Water uptake depends upon relative humidity (RH) For given number of particles, scattering will increase with RH But with no particles there is no scattering despite what the RH is
9 Size as a function of RH
10 Chemical composition affects growth r/r dry grow wth fa actor r 3 2 marine airmass 1 polluted airmass RH
11 What determines scattering? For particles of size > 200 nm, surface area determines scattering from one particle Multiply this by the number concentration of particles to get overall scattering per unit volume of air A Nr Nr tot 2, M tot 3 A tot N 1/3 M 2/3 Need to know both total aerosol mass and the number concentration
12 Importance of sulfate Sulfate aerosols dominate the scattering over continental regions Anthropogenic sources comparable to natural sources Regionally, this scattering can seriously degrade visibility Globally, this scattering reduces solar radiation entering the climate system by 2 Wm -2 Studies suggest that about W m -2 of this scattering are from anthropogenic aerosols, mostly sulfate ( direct effect of aerosols)
13 Beijing after rain Beijing during dry period
14 Solar radiation reaching the surface
15 Global Sulfur Budget Rates in Tg S yr -1 4 NO 3 18 OH cloud 42 SO4 2- SO 2 OH τ = 3.9d τ = 1.3d 8 H 2 SO 4 (g) (CH 3 ) 2 S (DMS) τ = 10d 1.0d dep 27 dry 20 wet dep 6 dry 44 wet Phytoplankton Volcanoes Combustion/ Smelters
16 Global Sulfur Emission Patterns Chin et al. [2000]
17 SO 2 sources by type
18 Direct effect of aerosols upon solar radiation Aerosols scatter solar radiation More particles more scattering Some scattered radiation returns to space Reduction in amount entering climate system Cooling effect
19 Aerosol optical depth (measure of scattering)
20 How well do we understand human influence? Direct radiative forcing g( (effect of anthropogenic emissions on aerosol scattering) from different models
21 Trends in U.S. NO x AND SO 2 Emissions
22 Aerosol-cloud-climate interactions
23 More aerosol-climate effects
24 Cloud droplets form on aerosol particles For soluble aerosols, particle size increases with RH When a parcel of air rises, it cools and the RH increases When RH>1, the soluble aerosols can activate (grow unstably into much larger cloud droplets) The RH at which an aerosol activates is strongly dependent upon its size Larger aerosols activate first and can consume vapor, preventing the smaller ones from activating The number of cloud droplets is strongly controlled by the number of soluble aerosols
25 What determines N in warm clouds? Cloud con ncentr dropl et ation [cm -3 ] Aerosol concentration (r>0.1 micron) [cm -3 ]
26 Link between number of cloud droplets and cloud albedo Similar arguments as for light scattering due to aerosols For given amount of liquid water, increased N gives smaller average size of droplets Smaller droplets have larger surface area More reflective cloud, more albedo
27
28 Most wellunderstood aerosol-cloud- l climate effects (indirect effects)
29 Global Sulfur Emission Patterns Chin et al. [2000]
30 MODIS, data courtesy of NASA
31 IPCC, 2007
32 Putting it all together
CHAPTER 8. AEROSOLS 8.1 SOURCES AND SINKS OF AEROSOLS
1 CHAPTER 8 AEROSOLS Aerosols in the atmosphere have several important environmental effects They are a respiratory health hazard at the high concentrations found in urban environments They scatter and
More informationAerosols AP sizes AP types Sources Sinks Amount and lifetime Aerosol radiative effects. Aerosols. Trude Storelvmo Aerosols 1 / 21
Aerosols Trude Storelvmo Aerosols 1 / 21 Aerosols: Definition Definition of an aerosol: disperse system with air as carrier gas and a solid or liquid or a mixture of both as disperse phases. Aerosol particles
More informationAerosol. Challenge: Global Warming. Observed warming during 20 th century, Tapio. 1910s. 1950s. 1990s T [Kelvin]
Aerosol Challenge: Global Warming 1910s 1950s 1990s 2 1 0 +1 +2 T [Kelvin] Observed warming during 20 th century, Tapio Schneider, J. Climate, 2001 1 Aerosols are liquid or solid particles suspended in
More informationAerosol Basics: Definitions, size distributions, structure
Aerosol Basics: Definitions, size distributions, structure Antti Lauri NetFAM Summer School Zelenogorsk, 9 July 2008 Department of Physics, Division of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysics, University of
More informationATOC 3500/CHEM 3152 Week 9, March 8, 2016
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3152 Week 9, March 8, 2016 Hand back Midterm Exams (average = 84) Interaction of atmospheric constituents with light Haze and Visibility Aerosol formation processes (more detail) Haze and
More informationSlides partly by Antti Lauri and Hannele Korhonen. Liquid or solid particles suspended in a carrier gas Described by their
Atmospheric Aerosols Slides partly by Antti Lauri and Hannele Korhonen Aerosol particles Liquid or solid particles suspended in a carrier gas Described by their Size Concentration - Number - Surface -
More informationWhy is it difficult to predict climate? Understanding current scientific challenges
Why is it difficult to predict climate? Understanding current scientific challenges Akua Asa-Awuku October 22, 2009 Global Climate Change (GCC) Workshop University of California - Riverside Bourns College
More informationImplications of Sulfate Aerosols on Clouds, Precipitation and Hydrological Cycle
Implications of Sulfate Aerosols on Clouds, Precipitation and Hydrological Cycle Source: Sulfate aerosols are produced by chemical reactions in the atmosphere from gaseous precursors (with the exception
More informationSpatial Variability of Aerosol - Cloud Interactions over Indo - Gangetic Basin (IGB)
Spatial Variability of Aerosol - Cloud Interactions over Indo - Gangetic Basin (IGB) Shani Tiwari Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Email: pshanitiwari@gmail.com
More informationDirect radiative forcing due to aerosols in Asia during March 2002
Direct radiative forcing due to aerosols in Asia during March 2002 Soon-Ung Park, Jae-In Jeong* Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Modeling *School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National
More informationSatellite analysis of aerosol indirect effect on stratocumulus clouds over South-East Atlantic
1/23 Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol, clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions. Bremen, 16-19 December 2013 Satellite analysis of aerosol indirect effect on stratocumulus clouds over South-East Atlantic
More informationAerosols and Climate
Aerosols and Climate S K Satheesh S K Satheesh is an Assistant Professor at Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. His research interests include aerosols,
More informationAerosol Effects on Water and Ice Clouds
Aerosol Effects on Water and Ice Clouds Ulrike Lohmann Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N. S., Canada Contributions from Johann Feichter, Johannes Hendricks,
More informationLecture 26. Regional radiative effects due to anthropogenic aerosols. Part 2. Haze and visibility.
Lecture 26. Regional radiative effects due to anthropogenic aerosols. Part 2. Haze and visibility. Objectives: 1. Attenuation of atmospheric radiation by particulates. 2. Haze and Visibility. Readings:
More information7. Aerosols and Climate
7. Aerosols and Climate I. Scattering 1. When radiation impinges on a medium of small particles, scattering of some of the radiation occurs in all directions. The portion scattered backward is called the
More informationDust Climate Interactions
School of Earth and Environment INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Dust Climate Interactions Kerstin Schepanski k. schepanski@leeds.ac.uk Dust Impacts Direct and indirect climate forcing Regional
More informationWhat are Aerosols? Suspension of very small solid particles or liquid droplets Radii typically in the range of 10nm to
What are Aerosols? Suspension of very small solid particles or liquid droplets Radii typically in the range of 10nm to 10µm Concentrations decrease exponentially with height N(z) = N(0)exp(-z/H) Long-lived
More informationAEROCOM-Workshop,Paris, June 2-3, model. Øyvind Seland; Alf Kirkevåg
An AGCM operated at University of Oslo (UiO) Norway Øyvind Seland; Alf Kirkevåg AEROCOM-Workshop,Paris, June 2-3, 2003 by Kirkevåg; Jón Egill Kristjánsson; ; Trond Iversen Basic: NCAR-CCM3.2 CCM3.2 (Kiehl,et
More informationClimate Dynamics (PCC 587): Feedbacks & Clouds
Climate Dynamics (PCC 587): Feedbacks & Clouds DARGAN M. W. FRIERSON UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES DAY 6: 10-14-13 Feedbacks Climate forcings change global temperatures directly
More informationWeather Forecasts and Climate AOSC 200 Tim Canty. Class Web Site: Lecture 27 Dec
Weather Forecasts and Climate AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Climate Natural Variations Feedback Mechanisms Lecture 27 Dec 4 2018 1 Climate
More informationIntroduction to HadGEM2-ES. Crown copyright Met Office
Introduction to HadGEM2-ES Earth System Modelling How the climate will evolve depends on feedbacks Ecosystems Aerosols Chemistry Global-scale impacts require ES components Surface temperature Insolation
More informationAerosol type how to use the information from satellites for models???
Aerosol type how to use the information from satellites for models??? Mian Chin, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center AeroCom/AeroSat workshop, September 2016 What does type mean? Satellite Estimated based
More informationUKCA_RADAER Aerosol-radiation interactions
UKCA_RADAER Aerosol-radiation interactions Nicolas Bellouin UKCA Training Workshop, Cambridge, 8 January 2015 University of Reading 2014 n.bellouin@reading.ac.uk Lecture summary Why care about aerosol-radiation
More informationThree-dimensional (3-D) radiative transfer codes are mainly used in cloud studies (e.g., LES models) and vegetation studies.
Lecture 5. Composition and structure of the Earth s atmosphere. Basic properties of gases, aerosols, and clouds that are important for radiative transfer modeling. Objectives: 1. Structure of the Earth
More informationEAS1600 Spring 2014 Lab 06 ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS
Objectives EAS1600 Spring 2014 Lab 06 ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS During the course of this lab we will investigate some basic connections between aerosols and climate. We will look at the aerosol scattering
More informationclimate change Contents CO 2 (ppm)
climate change CO 2 (ppm) 2007 Joachim Curtius Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Universität Mainz Contents 1. Summary 2. Background 3. Climate change: observations 4. CO 2 5. OtherGreenhouse Gases (GHGs):
More informationA study of regional and long-term variation of radiation budget using general circulation. model. Makiko Mukai* University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
A study of regional and long-term variation of radiation budget using general circulation model P3.7 Makiko Mukai* University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan Abstract The analysis of solar radiation at the surface
More informationOn-line Aerosols in the Oslo Version of CAM3: Some shortcomings. Seland,
On-line Aerosols in the Oslo Version of CAM3: Some shortcomings Trond Iversen,, Alf Kirkevåg, Øyvind Seland, Jon Egill Kristjansson, Trude Storelvmo,, Jens Debernard Norwegian Meteorological Institute
More informationAerosol & Climate. Direct and Indirect Effects
Aerosol & Climate Direct and Indirect Effects Embedded cooling Observed warming during 20 th century, Tapio Schneider, J. Climate, 2001 1 Many Sources / Lifetimes 2 Aerosols are liquid or solid particles
More informationLecture 9: Climate Sensitivity and Feedback Mechanisms
Lecture 9: Climate Sensitivity and Feedback Mechanisms Basic radiative feedbacks (Plank, Water Vapor, Lapse-Rate Feedbacks) Ice albedo & Vegetation-Climate feedback Cloud feedback Biogeochemical feedbacks
More informationMarine stratocumulus clouds
Marine stratocumulus clouds E. Pacific E. Atlantic Subtropical high-p regions Typical cold sea surface temperatures, in conjunc6on with the subsidence associated with the subtropical high, are responsible
More information1. Weather and climate.
Lecture 31. Introduction to climate and climate change. Part 1. Objectives: 1. Weather and climate. 2. Earth s radiation budget. 3. Clouds and radiation field. Readings: Turco: p. 320-349; Brimblecombe:
More informationRecent Climate History - The Instrumental Era.
2002 Recent Climate History - The Instrumental Era. Figure 1. Reconstructed surface temperature record. Strong warming in the first and late part of the century. El Ninos and major volcanic eruptions are
More informationOutline. December 14, Applications Scattering. Chemical components. Forward model Radiometry Data retrieval. Applications in remote sensing
in in December 4, 27 Outline in 2 : RTE Consider plane parallel Propagation of a signal with intensity (radiance) I ν from the top of the to a receiver on Earth Take a layer of thickness dz Layer will
More informationChapter 14: The Changing Climate
Chapter 14: The Changing Climate Detecting Climate Change Natural Causes of Climate Change Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change Possible Consequences of Global Warming Climate Change? -Paleo studies
More informationMajor climate change triggers
Major climate change triggers Variations in solar output Milankovitch cycles Elevation & distribution of continents Ocean interactions Atmospheric composition change (CO 2 and other volcanic gasses) Biological
More informationHydrological Cycle Rain and rivers OUTLINE
Hydrological Cycle Rain and rivers The Hydrosphere Rain and rivers OUTLINE 1 Generalizations (non-political conservatism) Conservative (not affected) and Non-Conservative (affected) Ions Distinction: whether
More informationRadiation in the atmosphere
Radiation in the atmosphere Flux and intensity Blackbody radiation in a nutshell Solar constant Interaction of radiation with matter Absorption of solar radiation Scattering Radiative transfer Irradiance
More informationFinal Exam: Monday March 17 3:00-6:00 pm (here in Center 113) Slides from Review Sessions are posted on course website:
Final Exam: Monday March 17 3:00-6:00 pm (here in Center 113) 35% of total grade Format will be all multiple choice (~70 questions) Final exam will cover entire course - material since 2 nd midterm weighted
More informationAtmospheric models. Chem Christoph Knote - NCAR Spring 2013
Atmospheric models Chem 55 - Christoph Knote - NCAR Spring 203 based on: Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry, D. Jacob, Princeton Press, 999 Prof. Colette Heald s course http://www.atmos.colostate.edu/~heald/teaching.html
More informationHow good are our models?
direct Estimates of regional and global forcing: ^ How good are our models? Bill Collins with Andrew Conley, David Fillmore, and Phil Rasch National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado Models
More informationAtmospheric Aerosol in High Latitudes: Linkages to Radiative Energy Balance and Hydrological Cycle
Atmospheric Aerosol in High Latitudes: Linkages to Radiative Energy Balance and Hydrological Cycle Irina N. Sokolik School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA,
More informationLecture 8: Climate Modeling
Lecture 8: Climate Modeling How to Build a Climate Model The climate is governed by many complex physical, chemical, and biological processes and their interactions. Building a climate model needs to consider
More informationT eff = [F s (1 - A)/(4σ)] ¼ = K.
Lectures 16-18. Sci A-30 8. 10 & 15 April 2008 The Planck function gives the energy emission rate for an object, which is a function of it's temperature. The earth exchanges energy with it's environment
More informationGlaciology HEAT BUDGET AND RADIATION
HEAT BUDGET AND RADIATION A Heat Budget 1 Black body radiation Definition. A perfect black body is defined as a body that absorbs all radiation that falls on it. The intensity of radiation emitted by a
More informationLecture 10: Climate Sensitivity and Feedback
Lecture 10: Climate Sensitivity and Feedback Human Activities Climate Sensitivity Climate Feedback 1 Climate Sensitivity and Feedback (from Earth s Climate: Past and Future) 2 Definition and Mathematic
More informationProfessional English
Tomsk Polytechnic University Institute of natural recourses Geoecology and Geochemistry Department Professional English Lecture 1 «Basic concept of atmospheric aerosols» Anna V. Talovskaya PhD, Associate
More information9/5/16. Section 3-4: Radiation, Energy, Climate. Common Forms of Energy Transfer in Climate. Electromagnetic radiation.
Section 3-4: Radiation, Energy, Climate Learning outcomes types of energy important to the climate system Earth energy balance (top of atm., surface) greenhouse effect natural and anthropogenic forcings
More informationIndices of Refraction of Absorptive Aerosol Their Importance and Complexity
Indices of Refraction of Absorptive Aerosol Their Importance and Complexity Steven T Massie NCAR Earth System Laboratory HITRAN Cambridge, Massachusetts June 16-18, 2010 NCAR is sponsored by the National
More informationAerosol modeling with WRF/Chem
Aerosol modeling with WRF/Chem Jan Kazil University of Colorado / NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory WRF/Chem Tutorial, 3 August 2015 (WRF/Chem 3.7) Part I - Introduction Overview of... Aerosol Aerosol
More informationClimate 1: The Climate System
Climate 1: The Climate System Prof. Franco Prodi Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 BOLOGNA SIF, School of Energy, Varenna, July 2014 CLIMATE
More informationA climate model study of indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols
A climate model study of indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols A. Jones, D.L. Roberts & A. Slingo Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Meteorological Office, London
More informationAtmospheric Radiation
Atmospheric Radiation NASA photo gallery Introduction The major source of earth is the sun. The sun transfer energy through the earth by radiated electromagnetic wave. In vacuum, electromagnetic waves
More informationStudy of the Effects of Acidic Ions on Cloud Droplet Formation Using Laboratory Experiments
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect APCBEE Procedia 10 (2014 ) 246 250 ICESD 2014: February 19-21, Singapore Study of the Effects of Acidic Ions on Cloud Droplet Formation Using Laboratory
More informationAtmosphere Weather and Climate
Atmosphere Weather and Climate Weather and Climate Weather Atmospheric conditions at a particular time and place Climate Long-term average of weather conditions Often over decades or centuries Coastal
More informationSulfur Biogeochemical Cycle
Sulfur Biogeochemical Cycle Chris Moore 11/16/2015 http://www.inorganicventures.com/element/sulfur 1 Sulfur Why is it important? 14 th most abundant element in Earth s crust Sulfate is second most abundant
More informationClouds, Haze, and Climate Change
Clouds, Haze, and Climate Change Jim Coakley College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Earth s Energy Budget and Global Temperature Incident Sunlight 340 Wm -2 Reflected Sunlight 100 Wm -2 Emitted Terrestrial
More informationClimate Variability Natural and Anthropogenic
Climate Variability Natural and Anthropogenic Jim Renwick NIWA Climate Research j.renwick@niwa.co.nz Climate equilibrium and climate forcings Natural forcings Anthropogenic forcings Feedbacks Natural variability
More informationThe Greenhouse Effect. Lan Ma
The Greenhouse Effect Lan Ma What to cover today: How do we calculate the Earth s surface temperature? What makes a gas a greenhouse gas and how does the increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause
More informationA study on characterization, emission and deposition of black carbon over Indo- Gangetic Basin
A study on characterization, emission and deposition of black carbon over Indo- Gangetic Basin Pratima Gupta, Ashok Jangid and Ranjit Kumar Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Dayalbagh Educational
More informationMon Oct 20. Today: radiation and temperature (cont) sun-earth geometry energy balance >> conceptual model of climate change Tues:
Mon Oct 20 Announcements: bring calculator to class from now on > in-class activities > midterm and final Today: radiation and temperature (cont) sun-earth geometry energy balance >> conceptual model of
More informationMonitoring Climate Change from Space
Monitoring Climate Change from Space Richard Allan (email: r.p.allan@reading.ac.uk twitter: @rpallanuk) Department of Meteorology, University of Reading Why Monitor Earth s Climate from Space? Global Spectrum
More informationThe Structure and Motion of the Atmosphere OCEA 101
The Structure and Motion of the Atmosphere OCEA 101 Why should you care? - the atmosphere is the primary driving force for the ocean circulation. - the atmosphere controls geographical variations in ocean
More informationThe Atmosphere. All of it. In one hour. Mikael Witte 10/27/2010
The Atmosphere All of it. In one hour. Mikael Witte 10/27/2010 Outline Structure Dynamics - heat transport Composition Trace constituent compounds Some Atmospheric Processes Ozone destruction in stratosphere
More informationCONTENTS 1 MEASURES OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
i CONTENTS 1 MEASURES OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION 1 1.1 MIXING RATIO 1 1.2 NUMBER DENSITY 2 1.3 PARTIAL PRESSURE 6 PROBLEMS 10 1.1 Fog formation 10 1.2 Phase partitioning of water in cloud 10 1.3 The ozone
More informationThe Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Ammonia
The Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Ammonia Russell Dickerson Dept. Meteorology, The University of Maryland Presented at the National Atmospheric Deposition Program Ammonia Workshop October 23, 2003
More informationChArMEx. The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment. Contact: - Ambient air quality - Chemistry-climate interactions
ChArMEx The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment Contact: francois.dulac@cea.fr 1. Main regional stakes - Ambient air quality - Chemistry-climate interactions - Impact on ecosystems 2. Scientific
More informationEarth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled?
1 NAME Investigation 2 Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? Introduction As you learned from the reading, the balance between incoming energy from the sun and outgoing energy
More informationName(s) Period Date. Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled?
Name(s) Period Date 1 Introduction Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? As you learned from the reading, the balance between incoming energy from the sun and outgoing energy
More informationCan a change of single scattering albedo in Amami-Oshima in a low pressure condition be explained by GCM simulations?
Can a change of single scattering albedo in Amami-Oshima in a low pressure condition be explained by GCM simulations? Daisuke Goto 1, Toshihiko Takemura 2, Nick Schutgens 1, Haruo Tsuruta 1, and Teruyuki
More informationUsing volcanic eruptions to unlock the secrets of aerosol-cloud interactions. Jim Haywood
Using volcanic eruptions to unlock the secrets of aerosol-cloud interactions Jim Haywood Malavelle, F., et al., Strong constraints on aerosol-cloud interactions from volcanic eruptions, Nature, June 22
More informationChasing Aerosol Particles Down to Nano Sizes
Chasing Aerosol Particles Down to Nano Sizes ERC Seminar 13 June 2013 Armin Sorooshian Chemical & Environmental Engineering Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Outline of Talk 1. What are aerosol
More information- matter-energy interactions. - global radiation balance. Further Reading: Chapter 04 of the text book. Outline. - shortwave radiation balance
(1 of 12) Further Reading: Chapter 04 of the text book Outline - matter-energy interactions - shortwave radiation balance - longwave radiation balance - global radiation balance (2 of 12) Previously, we
More informationThe PRECIS Regional Climate Model
The PRECIS Regional Climate Model General overview (1) The regional climate model (RCM) within PRECIS is a model of the atmosphere and land surface, of limited area and high resolution and locatable over
More informationHygroscopic Growth of Aerosols and their Optical Properties
Hygroscopic Growth of Aerosols and their Optical Properties Cynthia Randles Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences Princeton University V. Ramaswamy and L. M. Russell ! Introduction Presentation Overview! Aerosol
More information2. Illustration of Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect with Simple Models
2. Illustration of Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect with Simple Models In the first lecture, I introduced the concept of global energy balance and talked about the greenhouse effect. Today we will address
More informationBST 200 Radia+ve forcing and Greenhouse Gases
BST 200 Radia+ve forcing and Greenhouse Gases Atmospheric Burden and Residence Time suppose a tub holds 100 kg of water (Burden) and Source = Sink = 5 kg/minute Residence +me = 100 kg 5 kg/minute = 20
More informationGlobal modeling of atmospheric deposition of N, P and Fe with TM4- ECPL
Global modeling of atmospheric deposition of N, P and Fe with TM4- ECPL M. Kanakidou, S. Myriokefalitakis, N. Daskalakis, G. Fanourgakis Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory Department of Chemistry,
More informationHighlights of last lecture
Highlights of last lecture Nitrogen chemistry 8 oxidation states => wide range of chemical properties Compounds hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids high explosives o difference between fuel and explosive
More informationATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Air Pollution Chemistry Lecture 1
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Air Pollution Chemistry Lecture 1 Note Page numbers refer to Daniel Jacob s online textbook: http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/ jacobbook/index.html Atmos = vapor + sphaira
More informationUpdated Dust-Iron Dissolution Mechanism: Effects Of Organic Acids, Photolysis, and Dust Mineralogy
Updated Dust-Iron Dissolution Mechanism: Effects Of Organic Acids, Photolysis, and Dust Mineralogy Nicholas Meskhidze & Matthew Johnson First International Workshop on the Long Range Transport and Impacts
More informationLecture 8. The Holocene and Recent Climate Change
Lecture 8 The Holocene and Recent Climate Change Recovery from the last ice age About 15,000 years ago, the earth began to warm and the huge ice sheets covering much of North America and Eurasia began
More informationClimate change. understanding, and the need for observations Herman Russchenberg Remote Sensing of the Environment.
Climate change understanding, and the need for observations Herman Russchenberg Remote Sensing of the Environment 19-11-2011 h.w.j.russchenberg@tudelft.nl Delft University of Technology Challenge the future
More informationAerosol Composition and Radiative Properties
Aerosol Composition and Radiative Properties Urs Baltensperger Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland WMO-BIPM Workshop Geneva, 30 March 1 April 2010
More informationAn Introduction to Climate Modeling
An Introduction to Climate Modeling A. Gettelman & J. J. Hack National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado USA Outline What is Climate & why do we care Hierarchy of atmospheric modeling strategies
More informationImpact of aerosol on air temperature in Baghdad
Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2017, 2(6): 317 323 http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i6.112 http://www.phoenixpub.org/journals/index.php/jaar ISSN 2519-9412 / 2017 Phoenix Research Publishers
More informationPTYS 214 Spring Announcements. Midterm 3 next Thursday!
PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Midterm 3 next Thursday! 1 Previously Habitable Zone Energy Balance Emission Temperature Greenhouse Effect Vibration/rotation bands 2 Recap: Greenhouse gases In order
More informationParameterization for Atmospheric Radiation: Some New Perspectives
Parameterization for Atmospheric Radiation: Some New Perspectives Kuo-Nan Liou Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering (JIFRESSE) and Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Department
More informationArctic Chemistry And Climate
21 July 2016 Connaught Summer Institute 1 Arctic Chemistry And Climate Connaught Summer Institute 2016 William (Bill) Simpson Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks
More informationAerosols-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in the Climate System. Meinrat O. Andreae Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz, Germany
Aerosols-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in the Climate System Meinrat O. Andreae Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz, Germany The global annual mean Earth s energy budget for 2000-2004 (W m 2 ).
More informationWeather and Climate Change
Weather and Climate Change What if the environmental lapse rate falls between the moist and dry adiabatic lapse rates? The atmosphere is unstable for saturated air parcels but stable for unsaturated air
More informationSpectrum of Radiation. Importance of Radiation Transfer. Radiation Intensity and Wavelength. Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate
Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Radiation Intensity and Wavelength frequency Planck s constant Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption
More informationIntroduction to Climate Change
Ch 19 Climate Change Introduction to Climate Change Throughout time, the earth's climate has always been changing produced ice ages Hence, climate variations have been noted in the past what physical processes
More informationC-SOLAS Pacific Cruise Summer 2002
Ulrike Lohmann Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Thanks to: Silvia Kloster, MPI Hamburg, Germany Richard Leaitch, Meteorological Service of Canada Maurice Levasseur,Univ.
More information8. Clouds and Climate
8. Clouds and Climate 1. Clouds (along with rain, snow, fog, haze, etc.) are wet atmospheric aerosols. They are made up of tiny spheres of water from 2-100 m which fall with terminal velocities of a few
More informationLecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate
Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption and emission Cloud and radiation Radiative-convective equilibrium
More informationUnit 3 Review Guide: Atmosphere
Unit 3 Review Guide: Atmosphere Atmosphere: A thin layer of gases that forms a protective covering around the Earth. Photosynthesis: Process where plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Trace
More informationMon April 17 Announcements: bring calculator to class from now on (in-class activities, tests) HW#2 due Thursday
Mon April 17 Announcements: bring calculator to class from now on (in-class activities, tests) HW#2 due Thursday Today: Fundamentals of Planetary Energy Balance Incoming = Outgoing (at equilibrium) Incoming
More informationFORCING ANTHROPOGENIC
NATURAL CLIMATIC FORCING Earth-Sun orbital relationships, changing landsea distribution (due to plate tectonics), solar variability & VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS vs. ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING Human-Enhanced GH Effect,
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE Albedo Forcing ALBEDO FORCING
ALBEDO FORCING Albedo forcing is the hypothesis that variations in the Earth s reflectance of solar radiation can bring about global climate change. This hypothesis is undeniable in principle; since virtually
More information