climate change Contents CO 2 (ppm)
|
|
- Bruce Cummings
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 climate change CO 2 (ppm) 2007 Joachim Curtius Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Universität Mainz Contents 1. Summary 2. Background 3. Climate change: observations 4. CO 2 5. OtherGreenhouse Gases (GHGs): CH 4, N 2 O, CFCs, HCFCs, O 3 6. Aerosols and Clouds 7. Solar variability 8. Future climate change 9. Paleo-climate 10. Climate protection
2 6. Aerosols and Clouds Aerosols: background, light scattering natural and anthropogenic sources direct aerosol effect first indirect effect second indirect effect semi-direct effect aerosol source strength (kg km -2 hr -1 ) anthropogenic mineral dust from land-use change... [IPCC 2001]
3 aerosol source strength (kg km -2 hr -1 ) sea salt aerosol [IPCC 2001] Total optical depth Optical depth [IPCC 2007]
4 indirect climate forcing effects from aerosols natural background, clean air mass, few CCN cloud formation: water vapor condenses few large cloud droplets polluted air mass, many CCN many small cloud droplets change of optical properties, cloud becomes more white and reflects more solar radiation, Nomenclature: Twomey effect (Twomey, Tellus B, 1984) or cloud albedo effect, or first indirect aerosol effect change of hydrologic cycle : longer lifetime of cloud, suppression of precipitation, cloud droplets <14µm. Nomenclature: second indirect aerosol effect, or "lifetime effect" first indirect effect IR satellite image (wavelength 3.7 µm) Pacific, West Coast USA/California. Continuous cloud cover (grey) of marine stratocumulus with line-shaped ship tracks (white) with higher reflectivity caused by the ships aerosol emissions.
5 indirect aerosol effect Rosenfeld, Science, 2000: NOAA AVHRR satellite images : red: clouds with large droplets yellow: clouds with small droplets blue: ground A) 1) Istanbul, 2) Izmit 3) Bursa B) 4) Mining and Smelting, Flin-Flon, Manitoba, Canada C) 5) Port Augusta, power plants 6) Port Pirie, lead smelter 7) Adelaide port 8) oil refineries smaller droplets less/later precipitation less ice formation in clouds correlationof aerosolconcentration withconcentration of cloud condensation nuclei [Ramanathan et al., Science, 2001]
6 Schematic diagram of aerosoldirect and indirect effects [Haywood and Boucher, Rev Geophys., 2000, IPCC 2007] indirect aerosol effects and ice nuclei various influences on CCN and IN (currently not considered by GCMs and IPCC) Aerosol particles Human activity [Lohmann, 2005]
7 Semi-direct aerosoleffect Ackerman et al., Science, 2000; Sakteesh und Ramanathan, Nature, 2000; Venkataraman et al., Science 2005, uvm.: "Atmospheric Brown Cloud, ABC": soot emissions (firewood) above India and the Indian Ocean lead to strong absorption, heating of air layers, evaporation of clouds cooling at ground. strong impact on radiation balance and precipitation. Total effect about 10 x larger than the effect by greenhouse gases above the Indian Ocean! Andreae et al., Nature, 2005
8 Andreae et al., Nature, 2005 Aerosol effects are not sufficiently quantified, therefore estimate of climate sensitivity, with respect to temperature trend (+0.7 C): GHG-effects are well quantified as well as heat capacity of oceans. Climate sensitivity (K) represents the equilibrium rise in temperature resulting from a doubling of the preindustrial atmospheric CO 2 concentration. simple heat balance equation: c= Andreae et al., Nature, 2005
9 Andreae et al., Nature, 2005 T interglac.-ice age prediction IPCC-TAR "tolerable" Andreae et al., Nature, 2005: "... our analysis suggests that there is a possibilitythat climate change in the twentyfirst century will follow the upper extremes of current IPCC estimates, and may even exceed them. Such a degree of climate change is so far outside the range covered by our experience and scientific understanding that we cannot with any confidence predict the consequences for the Earth system. To reduce these uncertainties a multi-pronged approach is needed. First, there is a great need for in situ studies that investigate the response of cloud microphysics and dynamics to enhanced aerosol concentrations...."
10 Aerosol radiative forcing: Comparison of several models Anderson et al., Science, 2003: Compare aerosol forcing effects from GCM models using "forward calculations", i.e. calculate the aerosol effects based on knowledge of aerosol physics and chemistry, and "inverse calculations", i.e. infer aerosol forcing from the total forcing required to match climate model simulations with observed temperature changes. Then derive the aerosol forcing from the difference between required forcing and calculated (well-known) greenhouse-gas forcings. Aerosol radiative forcing: Comparison of several models Anderson et al., Science, 2003: Uncertainties of aerosol total radiative forcing (direct and indirect, etc.). Forward calculations: ~1.5 W m -2, inverse calculations: ~1 W m -2 ; reasons for difference? truth?...
11 climate impact of air traffic: AVHRR-satellite picture: a) contrails can evolve into "persistent contrails" b) influence on cirrus clouds (via ice nuclei, H 2 O, etc.) climate impact of air traffic: some numbers concerning air traffic 13% of the total CO 2 by traffic are caused by air traffic, and ~3% of total CO 2 emissions air traffic increased by a factor of 15 between 1960 and 1992; air traffic will grow by a factor of 6 until air traffic currently grows by 5% per year, kerosine consumption grows by 3% per year. Boing 747 "Jumbo-Jet": max. 175 t kerosine of 400 t take-off weight, fuel consumption: liters/km; FFM - NY - FFM: ~ 550 kg fuel/passenger
12 climate impacts of air traffic: climate impacts of air traffic: climatic effects currently relatively small, but stronglyincreasing!
13
Aerosol Effects on Water and Ice Clouds
Aerosol Effects on Water and Ice Clouds Ulrike Lohmann Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N. S., Canada Contributions from Johann Feichter, Johannes Hendricks,
More informationKlimaänderung. Robert Sausen Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Oberpfaffenhofen
Klimaänderung Robert Sausen Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Oberpfaffenhofen Vorlesung WS 2017/18 LMU München 7. Wolken und Aerosole Contents of IPCC 2013 Working
More informationAerosols AP sizes AP types Sources Sinks Amount and lifetime Aerosol radiative effects. Aerosols. Trude Storelvmo Aerosols 1 / 21
Aerosols Trude Storelvmo Aerosols 1 / 21 Aerosols: Definition Definition of an aerosol: disperse system with air as carrier gas and a solid or liquid or a mixture of both as disperse phases. Aerosol particles
More informationImplications of Sulfate Aerosols on Clouds, Precipitation and Hydrological Cycle
Implications of Sulfate Aerosols on Clouds, Precipitation and Hydrological Cycle Source: Sulfate aerosols are produced by chemical reactions in the atmosphere from gaseous precursors (with the exception
More informationClouds, Haze, and Climate Change
Clouds, Haze, and Climate Change Jim Coakley College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Earth s Energy Budget and Global Temperature Incident Sunlight 340 Wm -2 Reflected Sunlight 100 Wm -2 Emitted Terrestrial
More informationCloud Brightening and Climate Change
Cloud Brightening and Climate Change 89 Hannele Korhonen and Antti-Ilari Partanen Contents Definitions... 778 Aerosols and Cloud Albedo... 778 Cloud Brightening with Sea-Salt Aerosol... 779 Climate Effects
More informationWhy is it difficult to predict climate? Understanding current scientific challenges
Why is it difficult to predict climate? Understanding current scientific challenges Akua Asa-Awuku October 22, 2009 Global Climate Change (GCC) Workshop University of California - Riverside Bourns College
More informationClimate Dynamics (PCC 587): Feedbacks & Clouds
Climate Dynamics (PCC 587): Feedbacks & Clouds DARGAN M. W. FRIERSON UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES DAY 6: 10-14-13 Feedbacks Climate forcings change global temperatures directly
More informationSatellite analysis of aerosol indirect effect on stratocumulus clouds over South-East Atlantic
1/23 Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol, clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions. Bremen, 16-19 December 2013 Satellite analysis of aerosol indirect effect on stratocumulus clouds over South-East Atlantic
More informationCHAPTER 8. AEROSOLS 8.1 SOURCES AND SINKS OF AEROSOLS
1 CHAPTER 8 AEROSOLS Aerosols in the atmosphere have several important environmental effects They are a respiratory health hazard at the high concentrations found in urban environments They scatter and
More informationAerosols and climate. Rob Wood, Atmospheric Sciences
Aerosols and climate Rob Wood, Atmospheric Sciences What are aerosols? Solid or liquid particles suspended in air Sizes range from a few nm to a few thousand nm Huge range of masses Where do aerosols come
More informationThe Structure and Motion of the Atmosphere OCEA 101
The Structure and Motion of the Atmosphere OCEA 101 Why should you care? - the atmosphere is the primary driving force for the ocean circulation. - the atmosphere controls geographical variations in ocean
More informationContrail cirrus and their climate impact
Contrail cirrus and their climate impact Ulrike Burkhardt DLR Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Wakenet Workshop, 28 June 10 Contrail formation Contrail formation Aircraft engines
More informationSpatial Variability of Aerosol - Cloud Interactions over Indo - Gangetic Basin (IGB)
Spatial Variability of Aerosol - Cloud Interactions over Indo - Gangetic Basin (IGB) Shani Tiwari Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Email: pshanitiwari@gmail.com
More informationWrap-up of Lecture 2. Aerosol Forcing and a Critique of the Global Warming Consensus
Wrap-up of Lecture 2 Massive research efforts over the past two decades have allowed aerosol scientists to put boundaries on the "direct" and "cloud-albedo" forcings. [IPCC 2007, Fig SPM.2] When climate
More informationAerosol-Cloud-Climate Interaction: A Case Study from the Indian Ocean. Sagnik Dey
Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interaction: A Case Study from the Indian Ocean Sagnik Dey Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi sagnik@cas.iitd.ac.in Content Background and Motivation
More informationShort Course Challenges in Understanding Cloud and Precipitation Processes and Their Impact on Weather and Climate
Short Course Challenges in Understanding Cloud and Precipitation Processes and Their Impact on Weather and Climate Darrel Baumgardner PhD. Droplet Measurement Technologies February 18-22 3:30-4:30 pm break
More informationScience of Global Warming and Climate Change
Science of Global Warming and Climate Change Part 1 Science Dr. David H. Manz, P. Eng. University of Calgary May 2015 Weather vs. Climate Weather happens day to day (moment to moment) best forecast is
More informationWeather Forecasts and Climate AOSC 200 Tim Canty. Class Web Site: Lecture 27 Dec
Weather Forecasts and Climate AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Climate Natural Variations Feedback Mechanisms Lecture 27 Dec 4 2018 1 Climate
More informationWhat are Aerosols? Suspension of very small solid particles or liquid droplets Radii typically in the range of 10nm to
What are Aerosols? Suspension of very small solid particles or liquid droplets Radii typically in the range of 10nm to 10µm Concentrations decrease exponentially with height N(z) = N(0)exp(-z/H) Long-lived
More informationClimate Dynamics (PCC 587): Clouds and Feedbacks
Climate Dynamics (PCC 587): Clouds and Feedbacks D A R G A N M. W. F R I E R S O N U N I V E R S I T Y O F W A S H I N G T O N, D E P A R T M E N T O F A T M O S P H E R I C S C I E N C E S D A Y 7 : 1
More informationModelling aerosol-cloud interations in GCMs
Modelling aerosol-cloud interations in GCMs Ulrike Lohmann ETH Zurich Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Reading, 13.11.2006 Acknowledgements: Sylvaine Ferrachat, Corinna Hoose, Erich Roeckner,
More informationClimate change. understanding, and the need for observations Herman Russchenberg Remote Sensing of the Environment.
Climate change understanding, and the need for observations Herman Russchenberg Remote Sensing of the Environment 19-11-2011 h.w.j.russchenberg@tudelft.nl Delft University of Technology Challenge the future
More informationAerosol & Climate. Direct and Indirect Effects
Aerosol & Climate Direct and Indirect Effects Embedded cooling Observed warming during 20 th century, Tapio Schneider, J. Climate, 2001 1 Many Sources / Lifetimes 2 Aerosols are liquid or solid particles
More information1. Weather and climate.
Lecture 31. Introduction to climate and climate change. Part 1. Objectives: 1. Weather and climate. 2. Earth s radiation budget. 3. Clouds and radiation field. Readings: Turco: p. 320-349; Brimblecombe:
More informationChapter 14: The Changing Climate
Chapter 14: The Changing Climate Detecting Climate Change Natural Causes of Climate Change Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change Possible Consequences of Global Warming Climate Change? -Paleo studies
More informationAN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF. Matthew S. Segrin for the degree of Master of Science in Atmospheric Sciences
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Matthew S. Segrin for the degree of Master of Science in Atmospheric Sciences presented on June 14, 2006. Title: Using Ship Tracks to Characterize the Effects of Haze on Cloud
More informationAN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF. Matthew W. Christensen for the degree of Master of Science in Atmospheric Sciences
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Matthew W. Christensen for the degree of Master of Science in Atmospheric Sciences presented on May 22, 2008. Title: Effects of Solar Heating on the Indirect Effect of Aerosols
More informationClimate Modeling Research & Applications in Wales. John Houghton. C 3 W conference, Aberystwyth
Climate Modeling Research & Applications in Wales John Houghton C 3 W conference, Aberystwyth 26 April 2011 Computer Modeling of the Atmosphere & Climate System has revolutionized Weather Forecasting and
More informationCh22&23 Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch22&23 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The two most abundant compounds in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and a. particulates.
More informationThe Atmosphere. All of it. In one hour. Mikael Witte 10/27/2010
The Atmosphere All of it. In one hour. Mikael Witte 10/27/2010 Outline Structure Dynamics - heat transport Composition Trace constituent compounds Some Atmospheric Processes Ozone destruction in stratosphere
More informationAEROSOLS AND THEIR IMPACT ON PRECIPITATION
AEROSOLS AND THEIR IMPACT ON PRECIPITATION Graciela Raga Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México graciela@sauvignon.atmosfcu.unam.mx graciela.raga@gmail.com First Split
More informationEMISSIONS OF INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING AS SEEN BY SATELLITES
EMISSIONS OF INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING AS SEEN BY SATELLITES H. Bovensmann (1), V. Eyring (2), K. Franke (1), A. Lauer (2), M. Schreier (1), A. Richter (1), J. P. Burrows (1) (1) University of Bremen, Inst.
More informationESS15 Lecture 16. Past climates, Part 1
ESS15 Lecture 16 Past climates, Part 1 Thanks for your midterm evaluation! Based on the results I have decided to: Post solutions to practice exam questions & i-clicker questions. Slow down on especially
More informationAtmospheric Aerosol in High Latitudes: Linkages to Radiative Energy Balance and Hydrological Cycle
Atmospheric Aerosol in High Latitudes: Linkages to Radiative Energy Balance and Hydrological Cycle Irina N. Sokolik School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA,
More informationClimate Change. April 21, 2009
Climate Change Chapter 16 April 21, 2009 Reconstructing Past Climates Techniques Glacial landscapes (fossils) CLIMAP (ocean sediment) Ice cores (layering of precipitation) p Otoliths (CaCO 3 in fish sensory
More informationPolar regions Temperate Regions Tropics High ( cirro ) 3-8 km 5-13 km 6-18 km Middle ( alto ) 2-4 km 2-7 km 2-8 km Low ( strato ) 0-2 km 0-2 km 0-2 km
Clouds and Climate Clouds (along with rain, snow, fog, haze, etc.) are wet atmospheric aerosols. They are made up of tiny spheres of water from 2-100 m which fall with terminal velocities of a few cm/sec.
More informationwater Plays dominant role in radiation All three phases emit and absorb in longwave radiation
4.,4. water Plays dominant role in radiation All three phases emit and absorb in longwave radiation Some shortwave (solar) radiation is absorbed by all phases of water Principal role in the shortwave radiation
More informationAerosol. Challenge: Global Warming. Observed warming during 20 th century, Tapio. 1910s. 1950s. 1990s T [Kelvin]
Aerosol Challenge: Global Warming 1910s 1950s 1990s 2 1 0 +1 +2 T [Kelvin] Observed warming during 20 th century, Tapio Schneider, J. Climate, 2001 1 Aerosols are liquid or solid particles suspended in
More informationLet s make a simple climate model for Earth.
Let s make a simple climate model for Earth. What is the energy balance of the Earth? How is it controlled? ó How is it affected by humans? Energy balance (radiant energy) Greenhouse Effect (absorption
More informationAEROCOM-Workshop,Paris, June 2-3, model. Øyvind Seland; Alf Kirkevåg
An AGCM operated at University of Oslo (UiO) Norway Øyvind Seland; Alf Kirkevåg AEROCOM-Workshop,Paris, June 2-3, 2003 by Kirkevåg; Jón Egill Kristjánsson; ; Trond Iversen Basic: NCAR-CCM3.2 CCM3.2 (Kiehl,et
More informationArctic Chemistry And Climate
21 July 2016 Connaught Summer Institute 1 Arctic Chemistry And Climate Connaught Summer Institute 2016 William (Bill) Simpson Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks
More informationThe Semi-Direct Aerosol Effect
THE UNIVERSITY OF READING Department of Meteorology The Semi-Direct Aerosol Effect Benjamin Thomas Johnson A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2003 The Semi-Direct Aerosol
More information9/5/16. Section 3-4: Radiation, Energy, Climate. Common Forms of Energy Transfer in Climate. Electromagnetic radiation.
Section 3-4: Radiation, Energy, Climate Learning outcomes types of energy important to the climate system Earth energy balance (top of atm., surface) greenhouse effect natural and anthropogenic forcings
More informationMay Global Warming: Recent Developments and the Outlook for the Pacific Northwest
Global Warming: Recent Developments and the Outlook for the Pacific Northwest Pat Bartlein Department of Geography University of Oregon (bartlein@uoregon.edu) http://geography.uoregon.edu/envchange/gwhr/
More informationClimate 1: The Climate System
Climate 1: The Climate System Prof. Franco Prodi Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 BOLOGNA SIF, School of Energy, Varenna, July 2014 CLIMATE
More informationOne of the most visible impacts of
REVIEW: ATMOSPHERE Aerosols, Climate, and the Hydrological Cycle V. Ramanathan, 1 * P. J. Crutzen, 1,2 J. T. Kiehl, 3 D. Rosenfeld 4 Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere.
More information8. Clouds and Climate
8. Clouds and Climate 1. Clouds (along with rain, snow, fog, haze, etc.) are wet atmospheric aerosols. They are made up of tiny spheres of water from 2-100 m which fall with terminal velocities of a few
More informationAerosol Composition and Radiative Properties
Aerosol Composition and Radiative Properties Urs Baltensperger Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland WMO-BIPM Workshop Geneva, 30 March 1 April 2010
More informationConsistent estimates from satellites and models for the first aerosol indirect forcing
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 39,, doi:10.1029/2012gl051870, 2012 Consistent estimates from satellites and models for the first aerosol indirect forcing Joyce E. Penner, 1 Cheng Zhou, 1 and Li Xu
More informationMid High Latitude Cirrus Precipitation Processes. Jon Sauer, Dan Crocker, Yanice Benitez
Mid High Latitude Cirrus Precipitation Processes Jon Sauer, Dan Crocker, Yanice Benitez Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA *To whom correspondence
More informationFOLLOW THE ENERGY! EARTH S DYNAMIC CLIMATE SYSTEM
Investigation 1B FOLLOW THE ENERGY! EARTH S DYNAMIC CLIMATE SYSTEM Driving Question How does energy enter, flow through, and exit Earth s climate system? Educational Outcomes To consider Earth s climate
More informationDEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS. Quantifying the Climate Impact of Global and European Transport Systems (QUANTIFY): A Review of the Study of Ship Tracks
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS ATMOSPHERIC, OCEANIC AND PLANETARY PHYSICS Quantifying the Climate Impact of Global and European Transport Systems (QUANTIFY): A Review of the Study of Ship Tracks G. B. L. Ewen and
More informationVOCALS REx: Aerosol Physics at the Ocean Surface On the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown October, November 2008
VOCALS REx: Aerosol Physics at the Ocean Surface On the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown October, November 8 Catherine Hoyle, NOAA PMEL Derek Coffman, NOAA PMEL Tim Bates, NOAA PMEL Trish Quinn, NOAA PMEL Lelia
More informationStudy of the Effects of Acidic Ions on Cloud Droplet Formation Using Laboratory Experiments
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect APCBEE Procedia 10 (2014 ) 246 250 ICESD 2014: February 19-21, Singapore Study of the Effects of Acidic Ions on Cloud Droplet Formation Using Laboratory
More informationAerosol Basics: Definitions, size distributions, structure
Aerosol Basics: Definitions, size distributions, structure Antti Lauri NetFAM Summer School Zelenogorsk, 9 July 2008 Department of Physics, Division of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysics, University of
More informationProf. V. Faye McNeill Department of Chemical Engineering. Columbia University Summer. Teachers August 19, 2009
Atmospheric Particles, Clouds, and Climate Prof. V. Faye McNeill vfmcneill@columbia.edu Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University Summer Research hprogram for Science Si Teachers August 19,
More informationRemote Sensing C. Rank: Points: Science Olympiad North Regional Tournament at the University of Florida. Name(s): Team Name: School Name:
Remote Sensing C Science Olympiad North Regional Tournament at the University of Florida Rank: Points: Name(s): Team Name: School Name: Team Number: Instructions: DO NOT BEGIN UNTIL GIVEN PERMISSION. DO
More informationLecture 8: Climate Modeling
Lecture 8: Climate Modeling How to Build a Climate Model The climate is governed by many complex physical, chemical, and biological processes and their interactions. Building a climate model needs to consider
More informationDust Climate Interactions
School of Earth and Environment INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Dust Climate Interactions Kerstin Schepanski k. schepanski@leeds.ac.uk Dust Impacts Direct and indirect climate forcing Regional
More informationAn Overview of the Radiation Budget in the Lower Atmosphere
An Overview of the Radiation Budget in the Lower Atmosphere atmospheric extinction irradiance at surface P. Pilewskie 300 University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics Department
More informationChanges in Earth s Albedo Measured by satellite
Changes in Earth s Albedo Measured by satellite Bruce A. Wielicki, Takmeng Wong, Norman Loeb, Patrick Minnis, Kory Priestley, Robert Kandel Presented by Yunsoo Choi Earth s albedo Earth s albedo The climate
More informationWhy build a climate model
Climate Modeling Why build a climate model Atmosphere H2O vapor and Clouds Absorbing gases CO2 Aerosol Land/Biota Surface vegetation Ice Sea ice Ice sheets (glaciers) Ocean Box Model (0 D) E IN = E OUT
More informationRouting options to reduce aviation s climate impact
www.dlr.de Chart 1 Routing options to reduce aviation s climate impact Volker Grewe DLR-Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre & Chair for Climate Effects of Aviation, TU Delft Aerospace Engineering www.dlr.de
More informationGlobal indirect aerosol effects: a review
SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-715 European Geosciences Union Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Global indirect aerosol effects: a review U. Lohmann 1 and J. Feichter 2 1 ETH Institute of Atmospheric and
More informationEarth s Radiation Budget & Climate
Earth s Radiation Budget & Climate Professor Richard Allan University of Reading NERC Advanced Training Course Earth Observations for Weather & Climate Studies 5 9 September 2016 Quantify the main terms
More informationNew capabilities with high resolution cloud micro-structure facilitated by MTG 2.3 um channel
Slide 19 November 2016, V1.0 New capabilities with high resolution cloud micro-structure facilitated by MTG 2.3 um channel Author: Daniel Rosenfeld The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ) daniel.rosenfeld@huji.ac.il
More informationProjections of future climate change
Projections of future climate change Matthew Collins 1,2 and Catherine A. Senior 2 1 Centre for Global Atmospheric Modelling, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading 2 Met Office Hadley Centre,
More informationThe role of clouds in the climate system
J. Phys. IV France 121 (2004) 61 86 C EDP Sciences, Les Ulis DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2004121003 The role of clouds in the climate system M. Quante GKSS Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, 21502 Geesthacht,
More informationAEROSOL-CLOUD INTERACTIONS AND PRECIPITATION IN A GLOBAL SCALE. SAHEL Conference April 2007 CILSS Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
AEROSOL-CLOUD INTERACTIONS AND PRECIPITATION IN A GLOBAL SCALE SAHEL Conference 2007 2-6 April 2007 CILSS Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso The aerosol/precipitation connection Aerosol environment has changed
More informationGlaciology HEAT BUDGET AND RADIATION
HEAT BUDGET AND RADIATION A Heat Budget 1 Black body radiation Definition. A perfect black body is defined as a body that absorbs all radiation that falls on it. The intensity of radiation emitted by a
More informationChapter 6: Modeling the Atmosphere-Ocean System
Chapter 6: Modeling the Atmosphere-Ocean System -So far in this class, we ve mostly discussed conceptual models models that qualitatively describe the system example: Daisyworld examined stable and unstable
More informationAreas of the World with high Insolation
Areas of the World with high Insolation 22 /43 Africa Annual Average Global Horizontal Solar Radiation Map 19 Jul 2006 A map depicting model estimates of monthly average daily total radiation using inputs
More informationIntroduction. Effect of aerosols on precipitation: - challenging problem - no agreement between the results (quantitative and qualitative)
Introduction Atmospheric aerosols affect the cloud mycrophysical structure & formation (observations, numerical studies) An increase of the aerosol particles: - increases CCN concentrations - decreases
More informationCLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1 Name: Student ID: Please answer the following questions on your Scantron Multiple Choice [1 point each] (1) The gases that contribute to
More informationArctic Oxidation Chemistry
19 July 2016 Connaught Summer Institute 1 Arctic Oxidation Chemistry Connaught Summer Institute 2016 William (Bill) Simpson Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks
More information2/18/2013 Estimating Climate Sensitivity From Past Climates Outline
Estimating Climate Sensitivity From Past Climates Outline Zero-dimensional model of climate system Climate sensitivity Climate feedbacks Forcings vs. feedbacks Paleocalibration vs. paleoclimate modeling
More informationGlobal Energy Balance: Greenhouse Effect
Global Energy Balance: Greenhouse Effect Atmospheric Composition & Structure Physical Causes of Greenhouse Effects Chapter 3: 44 48. Atmospheric Composition Why does water vapor vary so much? Saturation
More informationImpacts of aerosols in the CORDEX-Europe domain using the regional aerosol-climate model REMO-HAM
Impacts of aerosols in the CORDEX-Europe domain using the regional aerosol-climate model REMO-HAM Armelle Reca C. Remedio (1), Claas Teichmann (1,2), Joni-Pekka Pietikäinen (3), Natalia Sudarchikova (1),
More informationThe Assessment of Aviation Cloudiness in IPCC Climate Change The Physical Science Basis
The Assessment of Aviation Cloudiness in IPCC Climate Change 2007 - The Physical Science Basis I. Introduction II. IPCC Science Assessment III. Aviation cloudiness - linear contrails - contrail (induced)
More informationMarine stratocumulus clouds
Marine stratocumulus clouds E. Pacific E. Atlantic Subtropical high-p regions Typical cold sea surface temperatures, in conjunc6on with the subsidence associated with the subtropical high, are responsible
More informationRadiative Effects of Contrails and Contrail Cirrus
Radiative Effects of Contrails and Contrail Cirrus Klaus Gierens, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Contrail-Cirrus, other Non-CO2 Effects and Smart Flying Workshop, London, 22 Oktober 2015 Two closely related
More informationOceanic Eddies in the VOCALS Region of the Southeast Pacific Ocean
Oceanic Eddies in the VOCALS Region of the Southeast Pacific Ocean Outline: Overview of VOCALS Dudley B. Chelton Oregon State University Overview of the oceanographic component of VOCALS Preliminary analysis
More informationTorben Königk Rossby Centre/ SMHI
Fundamentals of Climate Modelling Torben Königk Rossby Centre/ SMHI Outline Introduction Why do we need models? Basic processes Radiation Atmospheric/Oceanic circulation Model basics Resolution Parameterizations
More informationTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLOUD DROPLET AND AEROSOL NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS FOR CLIMATE MODELS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, VOL. 16, 94 1-946 (1 996) 551.521.1 l(4) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLOUD DROPLET AND AEROSOL NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS FOR CLIMATE MODELS 1. GULTEPE and G. A. ISAAC Cloud
More informationRecent Climate History - The Instrumental Era.
2002 Recent Climate History - The Instrumental Era. Figure 1. Reconstructed surface temperature record. Strong warming in the first and late part of the century. El Ninos and major volcanic eruptions are
More informationFeatures of Global Warming Review. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 23 Ahrens: Chapter 16
Features of Global Warming Review GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 23 Ahrens: Chapter 16 The Greenhouse Effect 255 K 288 K Ahrens, Fig. 2.12 What can change the global energy balance? Incoming energy Solar strength
More informationATM S 111 Global Warming Exam Review. Jennifer Fletcher Day 31, August 3, 2010
ATM S 111 Global Warming Exam Review Jennifer Fletcher Day 31, August 3, 2010 Earth gets most of its energy from the sun. Solar Radiation Solar radiation is mostly in visible, near infrared, and near UV
More informationEAS1600 Spring 2014 Lab 06 ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS
Objectives EAS1600 Spring 2014 Lab 06 ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS During the course of this lab we will investigate some basic connections between aerosols and climate. We will look at the aerosol scattering
More informationParameterization of the nitric acid effect on CCN activation
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 879 885, 25 SRef-ID: 168-7324/acp/25-5-879 European Geosciences Union Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Parameterization of the nitric acid effect on CCN activation S. Romakkaniemi,
More informationLimits to the Aerosol Indirect Radiative Effect Derived from Observations of Ship Tracks
668 JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Limits to the Aerosol Indirect Radiative Effect Derived from Observations of Ship Tracks JAMES A. COAKLEY JR. AND CHRISTOPHER D. WALSH College of Oceanic and Atmospheric
More informationHow good are our models?
direct Estimates of regional and global forcing: ^ How good are our models? Bill Collins with Andrew Conley, David Fillmore, and Phil Rasch National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado Models
More informationAtmospheric Brown Clouds: Long Range Transport and Climate Impacts
Atmospheric Brown Clouds: Long Range Transport and Climate Impacts V. Ramanathan and M. V. Ramana Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 Corresponding
More informationThe Climatology of Clouds using surface observations. S.G. Warren and C.J. Hahn Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences.
The Climatology of Clouds using surface observations S.G. Warren and C.J. Hahn Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences Gill-Ran Jeong Cloud Climatology The time-averaged geographical distribution of cloud
More informationAerosol Cloud Climate Interactions
ATMS 591 Aerosol Cloud Climate Interactions Spring Quarter 2015 Logistics Class webpage Class meets 1:30 2:50 Mondays and Wednesdays in Room 406, ATG Building Instructor: Prof. Robert Wood [ATG 718, Phone
More informationKey Feedbacks in the Climate System
Key Feedbacks in the Climate System With a Focus on Climate Sensitivity SOLAS Summer School 12 th of August 2009 Thomas Schneider von Deimling, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Why do Climate
More informationA thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science
To Characterize the Black Carbon Using Single Particle Incandescence Technique: Instrumentation Development, Data Analysis Techniques and Quantitative Measurements A thesis submitted to the University
More informationThursday, November 1st.
Thursday, November 1st. Announcements. Homework 7 - due Tuesday, Nov. 6 Homework 8 - paper 2 topics, questions and sources due Tuesday, Nov. 13 Midterm Paper 2 - due Tuesday, Nov. 20 I will hand out a
More informationThe PRECIS Regional Climate Model
The PRECIS Regional Climate Model General overview (1) The regional climate model (RCM) within PRECIS is a model of the atmosphere and land surface, of limited area and high resolution and locatable over
More informationEnergy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate
Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate between weather and climate Global Climate Focus Question
More information