Dust Climate Interactions
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1 School of Earth and Environment INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Dust Climate Interactions Kerstin Schepanski k.
2 Dust Impacts Direct and indirect climate forcing Regional impacts on temperature and hydrological cycle Dust as micro-nutrient fertilises marine and terrestrial ecosystems Neutralisation of acid rain, atmospheric chemistry Transport medium for bacteria, fungi, and pesticides Coral bleaching Human health Economy Reduced visibility (aviation, ground transport, solar energy,...) Limited reliability of electronic devices
3 Dust Impacts Direct and indirect climate forcing Regional impacts on temperature and hydrological cycle Dust as micro-nutrient fertilises marine and terrestrial ecosystems Neutralisation of acid rain, atmospheric chemistry Transport medium for bacteria, fungi, and pesticides Coral bleaching Human health Economy Reduced visibility (aviation, ground transport, solar energy,...) Limited reliability of electronic devices
4 Atmospheric Dust Cycle Transport Deposition Emission [ ]
5 Dust Climate Interactions Dust in suspension, Mauritania Dust Emission [
6 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust Dust Emission
7 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust settlement Dust Emission Dust Deposition
8 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust settlement Dust Emission Dust Deposition
9 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust Dust Emission settlement Atmosphere Wind, clouds, precipitation temperature Dust Deposition
10 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust Dust Emission Land surface Vegetation cover Soil properties Atmosphere Wind, clouds, precipitation temperature settlement Dust Deposition
11 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust Dust Emission Land surface Vegetation cover Soil properties radative forcing Atmosphere Wind, clouds, precipitation temperature settlement Dust Deposition
12 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust cloud properties, precipitation Dust Emission Land surface Vegetation cover Soil properties radative forcing Atmosphere Wind, clouds, precipitation temperature settlement Dust Deposition
13 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust cloud properties, precipitation Dust Emission radative forcing settlement Land surface Vegetation cover Soil properties Atmosphere Wind, clouds, precipitation temperature Dust Deposition Bio-productivity (marine, terrestrial)
14 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust cloud properties, precipitation Dust Emission Land surface Vegetation cover Soil properties radative forcing Atmosphere Wind, clouds, precipitation temperature CO 2 sink settlement Dust Deposition Bio-productivity (marine, terrestrial)
15 Dust Climate Interactions dust uplift Airborne Dust cloud properties, precipitation Dust Emission Land surface Vegetation cover Soil properties radative forcing Atmosphere Wind, clouds, precipitation temperature CO 2 sink settlement Dust Deposition Bio-productivity (marine, terrestrial)
16 Towards understanding the Role of Dust in Climate Change Describe the amounts and geographic distribution of mineral dust fluxes (models/remote sensing). Quantify the direct radiative forcing effects of a realistic dust field and the resulting impacts on climate. Assess the impact of increased dust input on marine productivity.
17 Towards understanding the Role of Dust in Climate Change Describe the amounts and geographic distribution of mineral dust fluxes (models/remote sensing). Quantify the direct radiative forcing effects of a realistic dust field and the resulting impacts on climate. Assess the impact of increased dust input on marine productivity.
18 Energy Balance IPCC report, 2007
19 Radiative Forcing Greenhouse gases as carbon dioxide warm the atmosphere by efficiently absorbing thermal infrared radiation emitted by the Earth s surface Backscattering of incoming sunlight by aerosol particles partly offsets this warming Soil dust aerosol is a major part of the atmospheric aerosol load IPCC report, 2007
20 Dust Radiative Forcing Extinction efficiency Light absorption and scattering per particle Single scattering albedo Ratio of light scattering to light extinction Asymmetry parameter Fraction of forward scattered light Parameters depend on particle size, mineralogical composition, and particle shape!
21 Direct Radiative Forcing
22 Direct Radiative Forcing Positive effect over bright surface Positive due to dust layer over-iding lowlevel maritime clouds Negative effect over dark surface Takemura et al., 2009 Direct radiative forcing: difference in radiative budget between including and excluding dust aerosol within the same simulation
23 Direct Radiative Forcing DJF JJA Change in temperature due to dust Negative feedback reduced surface winds enhanced atmospheric stability reduced dust emission Replicates dust radiative forcing patterns Indicates complex interactions GISS model simulation, I. Tegen
24 Dust Radiative Forcing For individual cases: Reduction in surface temperature much stronger Up to 12 C for March 2006 case [Tulet et al., 2007, Cavazos et al., 2009, Mallet et al., 2009] Disturbed diurnal cycle for surface temperature Enhanced atmospheric stability Dust layer as second heat source Negative feedback on dust emission Δpot. temperature Tulet et al., 2008
25 Indirect Dust Effect Dust, and aerosol particles at all, can interact with clouds modify their properties and ultimately their radiative effect SeaWiFS
26 Aerosol Cloud Interactions Indirect effect: aerosol-cloud effect IPCC report, 2007
27 Aerosol Cloud Interactions Hoose et al., 2008
28 Aerosol Cloud Interactions Hoose et al., 2008
29 Dust triggering Droplet Freezing Droplet freezing at -38 C < T < 0 C Main mechanism: liquid particle solid particle mixed particle homogeneous freezing deposition freezing Immersion freezing ice particles Importance of indirect dust-cloud effect is still unclear! image:
30 Towards understanding the Role of Dust in Climate Change Describe the amounts and geographic distribution of mineral dust fluxes (models/remote sensing). Quantify the direct radiative forcing effects of a realistic dust field and the resulting impacts on climate. Assess the impact of increased dust input on marine productivity.
31 Marine Bio-Productivity: Chlorophyll chlorophyll concentration (mg/m³)
32 Dust Effect on Marine Ecosystem Iron Hypothesis Even at high levels of nutrients (e.g. Nitrate, phosphate) certain ocean areas show less bio-productivity, i.e. Phytoplankton growth [Martin et al., 1988] Iron can be a controlling factor for marine live in high-nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions Iron contained in desert dust blown over ocean regions can contribute to iron supply in such regions, increasing bio-productivity and ultimately Co 2 uptake NASA
33 Dust Effect on Marine Ecosystem WHOI
34 Marine Ecology: Iron Fertilization Experiment Natural plankton bloom Plankton bloom after artificial addition of iron (LOHAFEX experiment)
![[wikipedia] Related to pathogens transported on dust [Shinn et al.](/docs-images/84/89703942/images/35-1.jpg ", 2000] normal branch bleached branch http://earthobservatory.")
35 Coral Bleaching Coral Bleaching: loss of intracellular endosymbionts due to expulsion or loss of algal population [wikipedia] Related to pathogens transported on dust [Shinn et al., 2000] normal branch bleached branch Shinn et al
36 Summary Distribution of airborne dust particles depends on atmospheric parameters, such as surface winds, vertical mixing, precipitation, vegetation cover Dust, however, impacts on climate in various ways Direct radiative forcing by dust leading to surface cooling is its best understood climate effect Indirect dust effects on cloud properties or the marine ecosystem are suspected to be important, but remain unquantified so far.
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