Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption, distribution and yield of Stra wberry

Transcription

1 26,12(3) :4-45 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,,,, (, 27118) : 15 N 15 N, 15 N,, 5215 %, 3412 % 85 %, 15 % ; 7212 %, 2718 % ; 3113 % 15 N 15 N, SPAD, N 225 kg/ hm 2 : ; ; 15 N ; ; ; : S66814 ; S66 : A :18-55X(26) Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption, distribution and yield of Stra wberry PENG Fu2tian, ZHANG Qing, J IANG Yuan2mao, PENG Yong, ZHOU Peng ( College of Horticulture Science and Engineering of Shandong Agricultural University. Taian 27118, China) Abstract : Pot experiments were conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen application time and rate on nitrogen absorp2 tion and distribution using labeled 15 N isotope technique. The treatment applying N at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose got the highest nitrogen utilization rate equivalent to 5215 % ; while the nitrogen utilization rate of the treat2 ment applying N before anthesis with full dose was the lowest being 3412 %. The ratio of N2distribution in various organs existed significant difference when fertilizer was applied at different stages. The ratio of N2distribution of nutritive organs to genital organs was 517 to 1, while the ratio was 216 to 1 when N was top addressed with half dose at fix planting and before anthesis. Top addressing N before anthesis could increase the N distribution rate of genital organ significantly equivalent to 3113 %. By all appearances, the absorption and distribution of 15 N were transfused with the change of or2 ganic centre of strawberry. The competition ability of genital organs on 15 N at the later growing period was higher than nu2 tritive organs. Field test results indicated nitrogen application influenced significantly nitrate concentration and SPAD reading of ripe leaf. Applying N with dose of 225 kg/ ha by means of top addressing at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose separately could accelerate blossom buds differentiation and get the highest forepart and total yield of straw2 berry. Key words : strawberry ; nitrogen application ; 15 N ; absorption ; distribution ; yield : : : ( ) : (1969 ),,,

2 3, : 41,, [1 ],MAT N 15 N 15 [2-3 ] N, 6m 8m ph 712, 12 g/ kg, 915 mg/ kg, 3618 mg/ kg, mg/ kg 1 ( Toyonoka) ( 1) kg, 8 kg,9 12,1 23cm, 17cm, kg : ph 718,1,1 14 g/ kg 9611mg/ kg 317 mg/ kg 216 mg/ kg 4 :. 15 N 2, (9 5 ) (N 14 g/ pot) ;. ( ,, N kg/ hm 2 3,, 215m 715m, 66617m 2 3 kg,,12, 3 2 ) (N 14g / pot) ;. ( (1 3 ) (11 6 N 12 g/ pot) ;. ( ) N 13 g/ pot) 6 15 N- 12, SPAD, [4, 118 % 3 ] 1, 5, 1 ( N kg/ hm 2 ) Table 1 Treatments of nitrogen fertilizer application in field experiment Treatment code Treated time A B C D E F G Applying at fix planting (12 Sep) Applying before anthesis(2 Oct) N [5 ], 15 N 15 N 7212 %, (6817 %) ( ) 2, ( 2) Ndff % 15 N,, 85 %, ( ) 15 % ;, 15 N, 3113 % ;,

3 N ( ) Table 2 Effect of N treatment on 15 N distribution and utilization rate in stra wberry( Pot exp. ) Treatment Organ Dry wt. (g/ plant) Total N Ndff Ndff (mg) N N N distribution rate N utilization rate I Root C 714 Crown A 1415 Leaf B 1216 Flower D 411 Fruit E 21 Plant B II Root D 517 Crown B 811 Leaf A 917 Flower C 615 Fruit E 412 Plant C III Root D 719 Crown B 1218 Leaf A 1712 Flower C 916 Fruit E 51 Plant A IV Root C 616 Crown B 1212 Leaf A 1515 Flower D 412 Fruit E 113 Plant B : 11 6 P < Ndff % = 15 N %/ 15 N % 1 31 Ndff (mg) = (g) N Ndff % 1 41 = Ndff (mg) / Ndff (mg) 1 51 = Ndff (mg) / (mg) 1 Notes : 11 Data in the table is average of 6 replications. The letter following the data of N distribution rate show the difference of different organs in the same treat2 ment. The letter following the data of N utilization rate show the difference of different treatments. Different capital letters stand for P < Ndff % = 15 N atom excess in plant/ 15 N atom excess in fertilizer 31 Ndff (mg) = Organ dry weight (g) organ N concentration Ndff % 1 41 N distribution rate = Ndff (mg)of certain organ / Ndff (mg) of plant 1 51 N utilization rate = Ndff (mg)of plant/ fertilizer application amount (mg) 1 (5215 %) ; 15 N, 15 N (416 %) ; (1216 %) (917 %) (3412 %) ( 2),, 15 N (, ), 15 N, 15 N ( 2), 15 N

4 3, : , ( ) N SPAD kg/ hm 2, ( 3) F G, E 1 F G E 2 % ; A B C E, E ( 1), F G SPAD B C D E, D E 1, D Fig. 1 Effect of nitrogen treatment on differentiation E, SPAD of flower bud Treatment NO 3 - ( g/ g,fw) NO 3 - Concentration 3 SPAD Table 3 Effect of N treatment on leaf NO - 3 concentration and SPAD reading Growth period SPAD SPAD reading NO 3 - ( g/ g,fw) NO 3 - Concentration Blooming and fruit set period SPAD SPAD reading A ed 4513 dc ed 4415 dd B 2314 ed 4418 dc 2813 aa 481 bcb C ed 451 dc ba 4813 bb D cb 521 bcab aa 511 aa E dc 5113 cb cb 4812 bb F aa 5411 aa cb 4714 cb G 3112 ba 5214 bab dc 4712 cb : P < 11 P < 15, Note : Different capital and small letters stand for P < 11 and P < 15, respectively. The same as below. 4 ( kg/ m 2 ) Table 4 Effect of N treatment on stra wberry yield Treatment code Item A B C D E F G Yield before spring festival fd 6243 ec ec 8481 bb 9753 aa 6669 dc 813 cb Yield after spring festival 6597 fe 7566 ed dd 153 bb 1647 aa cb cb Total yield ff 1389 ee 1476 ee bb 24 aa dd cc

5 , 15 N N kg/ hm 2, ( 5) 3113 %, N kg/ hm 2, SPAD [7-8 ],, SPAD ( 3) SPAD SPAD ( 2) 275 g/ g, FW SPAD 5, SPAD, [6, ] SPAD ;,, 12 3, 2 3 ;,, 12 5,, 2 5 Table 5 Effect of N treatment on stra wberry setting and Average single fruit weight Treatment code Item A B C D E F G (No. ) Average commercial fruits in a inflorescence (g) Average single fruit weight 711 e 815 d 817 d 111 b 116 a 912 c 111 b 1612 d 1614 d 1613 d 1815 b 1914 a 1718 c 1715 c : [1 ],,,. [4 ],,. [ M]. : [J ].,23,9, (2) : Zhao SJ, Liu H S, Dong X C. Directory of plant physiological experi2 Peng F T, Jiang YM, Gu M R, Shu H R. Effect of nitrogen on apple ments [M]. China Agricultural Scientech Press, fruit hormonechanging trends and development[j ]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 23, 9 (2) : [2 ] Neuweiler R. Nitrogen fertilizer in integrated outdoors trawberry pro2 duction [J ]. Acta Hort., 1997, 439(2) : [ 3 ] Gariglio N F, Pilarti R A, Baldi B L. Using nitrogen balance to calcu2 late fertilizer in strawberries[j ]. Hort Techonlogy, 2, 1 (1) : [5 ]. 15 N [J ].,1991 (2) : Gu M R. Utilization of 15 N on apple nitrogen nutrition study [J ]. Chi2 na Fruits, 1991(2) :

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