; CO 2, Effect of CO 2 enrichment on the growth and photoautotrophic capability of grape ( Vitis L. ) plantlet in vitro

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1 2001, 24 (2) : Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University CO ( 1, ; 2, ) : CO 2, CO 2,,, CO 2,,, ; CO 2,, : CO 2 ; ; ; ; : S : A : 1000Ο2030 (2001) 02Ο0028Ο04 Effect of CO 2 enrichment on the growth and photoautotrophic capability of grape ( Vitis L. ) plantlet in vitro Cui Jin 1, Ding Yongqian 2, Li Shijun 1, Ding Weimin 2, Xu Zhigang 2 and Yang Xudong 1 ( 1 College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agric Univ, Nanjing , China ; 2 College of Engineering, Nanjing Agric Univ, Nanjing , China) Abstract : Engineering techniques were applied in tissue culture to design and make a CO 2 enrichment and control system. In order to investigate the growth and photoautotrophic capability of grape ( Vitis L. ) plantlets in vitro, Carbenet sauignon was cultured under the condition of CO 2 enrichment and high photosynthetic photon flux (PPF). The results indicated that CO 2 enrichment for grape plantlets in vitro at a relatively high PPF would promote the growth and photoautotrophic capability of the plantlets ; and as compared with that of CO 2, the effect of sugar on the growth of plantlets was not very significant. So, application of such system will realize sugar2free culture. Key words : CO 2 enrichment ; Vitis L. ; tissue culture ; sugar2free culture ; photoautotrophy,,, [1 ] Kozai [2 3 ], Michio [5 ],,,, [6,, ] CO 2 CO 2 [5,7, CO 2, CO ] 2, CO 2 CO 2, [7 9 ] [10,11, ], Kozai, CO 2,, CO 2, CO 2, CO 2 CO 2, CO 2 ( Vitis L. ), CO 2 : 2000Ο11Ο16 : (BE96340) ;

2 2 : CO (Carbernet sauvignon), 1 2, GS + IAA 012 mg L + IBA 011 mg L + BA 0104 mg L g L + 10 g L ( ) (25 2), 12 h, 20 mol m - 2 s 25 d 112 [ CO 2 ] ; CO 2 ; [12 ] CO 2 VC CO 2 VAISALA GMD20/ D CO 2, CO 2 CO 2, CO 2 4, CO 2 (A ), CO 2 (B ) ( CO mol ), CO 2 (C ), CO 2 (D ) A B 10 g L 21, A C,, B D, 24 ( 25 d, 3 5 ), 3,, 65 mol m - 2 s, 43 mol m - 2 s,, 12 mol m - 2 s, [13 ( nm ] ) 7 : : 00 A C CO 2, mol 97 % 28 d CO 2 CO 2, CO 2, CO mol 1, 19 :00, CO 2, 19 :00 24 :00, CO mol mol 7 :00, 7 :40, CO mol CO 2,,, CO 2 CO 2,, CO mol, Fig. 1 Change of CO 2 concentration in two kinds of tissue 212 CO 2 culture vessel during a day 1 CO 2 2, CO 2 A C,,,,, ; B D,,, D ( CO 2 ),,, CO 2,

3 30 24,, CO 2,, CO 2 Treatment : A. Control : B. Sugar 10 g L + CO mol ; Sugar 10 g L + CO mol ; C. CO mol D. CO mol 2 CO 2 Fig. 2 Growth of grape plantlets in vitro cultured in different CO 2 and sugar concentration 213 1, A C B D CO 2, Treatment combination Leaf number 1 Table 1 Effext of treatment combination on growth of plantlet / cm Plantlet height / cm Inter nodes / mm Stem diameter / g Fresh weight / g Dry weight / cm 2 Leaf area A 713 aa 612 bcb 0185 C 1115 A 1102 A A 2167 aab C 715 aa 710 bb 0193 BC 1113 A 0186 A B 2100 abb B 619 aab 817 aa 1126 A 0189 B 0159 AB C 2179 aa D 512 bb 516 cb 1108 B 0165 C 0125 B C 1176 bb : ( ) 0101 ( 0105) The different capital or small letter indicated significance at P = 0101 or 0105 level. A C B, CO 2 ;, ( ) CO 2,, C,, D ( 3), CO 2 ; CO 2, Michio [5 ] Fig. 3 Major growth rate in different treatments CO 2, OLYMPUS BW22 ( 4, ), CO 2,,, (B D)

4 2 : CO 2 31, CO 2,, ;,,, A C, C D, CO A, B, C, D 8,, A C 100 %,,,, B D 75 % 25 %,,, D, 3 CO 2 CO 2,,,, CO 2,, CO 2,,,,,, CO 2,,,, CO 2,,,,, CO 2, ( ) : [1 ] Niu G H, T kozai. Simulation of CO 2 concentration in the culture vessel and growth of plantlets in micropropagation [J ]. Acta Hort, 1998, 456 : 37Ο43. [2 ] Kozai T, Chieri, Byoung R J. Environmental control for the large2scale production of plants through in vitro techniques [J ]. Plant cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1997, 51 : 49Ο56. [ 3 ] Kozai T, Hiroshi O, Fujiwara K. Photosynthetic characteristics of cymbidium plantlet in vitro [J ]. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1990, 22 : 205Ο211. [4 ] Aitken2Christie J, Kozai T, Smith MAL eds. Automation and Environmenntal Control in Plant Tissue Culture [M]. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, [5 ] Michio K, Masakatsu O, Michiko A, et al. The effect of carbon dioxide enrichment, natural ventilation, and light intensity on growth, photosynthesis, and transpiration of cauliflower plantlets cultured in vitro photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically [J ]. J Amer Soc Hort Sci, 1998, 123(2) : 176Ο181. [6 ], 1 [J ]., 1988(1) : 80Ο91. [7 ] Niu G H, Kozai T, Chieri K. A system for measuring the in Situ CO 2 exchange rates of in vitro plantlets. Hort Science, 1998, 33 (6) : 1076Ο1078. [8 ] Fujiwara K, Kozai T, Watanable I. Fundamental studies on environments in plant tissue culture vessels. (3) Measurements of carbon dioxide gas concentration in closed vessels containing tissue2cultured plantlets and estimates of net photosynthetic rates of the plantlets (in Japanese with English abstract) [J ]. J Agr Metorol, 1987, 43 : 21Ο30. [9 ] Kozai T, Fujiwara K, Watanable I. Fundamental studies on environments in plant tissue culture vessels. (2) Effects of stoppers and vessels on gas exchange rates between inside and outside of vessels closed with stoppers. J Agr Metorol, 1986, 42 : 119Ο127. [10 ],,, 1 [J ] 1, 1998, 25 (4) : 408Ο410. [11 ],,, 1 [J ] 1, 1999 (1) : 15Ο17. [12 ] 1 CO 2 [D] 1 [ ] 1 :, 2000, 17Ο31. [13 ] 1 [M]. :, :

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