Removal of livestock waste water nutrient by mangrove systems

Transcription

1 ACTA SCIEN TIAE CIRCUMSTAN TIAE Vol. 21,No. 2 Mar.,2001 : (2001) :X171 :A 1, 2, 3 ( ;2. ;31, ) : 2 (30 ) 2. P 1 4,N N 8413 % 9515 %, 9217 % 9810 %. P 7912 % 9118 %, 8810 % 9718 %. N. 2 P 4 %,N.. :;; ; Removal of livestock waste water nutrient by mangrove systems YE Yong 1, TAN Fengyi 2, LU Changyi 3 (1. Marine Biotechnology Key Lab,Ningbo University,Ningbo, , ;2. Department of Biology and Chemistry,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong ;3. Environmental Science Research Centre,Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005) Abstract :The present investigation compared the capacity of greenhouse pot2cultivation systems under two salinity conditions (fresh2 water and saline water) with two main mangrove species, B ruguiera gym norrhiza and Kandelia candel,to remove nutrients from livestock wastewater. The increasing times of P contents in plants receiving livestock wastewater were 1 4 times that of the controls, much more than those of N contents ( times). The removal efficiencies of N nutrients from livestock wastewater were 8413 % and 9515 % respectively by Kandelia candel and B ruguiera gym norrhiza pot2cultivation systems under freshwater condition and 9217 % and 9810 % under saline water condition. P nutrient removal efficiencies by Kandelia candel and B ruguiera gym nor2 rhiza systems under freshwater condition were 7912 % and 9118 % respectively and 8810 % and 9718 % under saline water condi2 tion. Salinity condition has no significant effect on the N nutrient removal by Kandelia candel plants. The P removal efficiencies by Kandelia candel and B ruguiera gym norrhiza plants were less than 4 % and much lower than those of N. Under both salinit y condi2 tions,higher N/ P absorption ratios by plants were found in B ruguiera gym norrhiza plants (11164 and under freshwater and saline water conditions respectively). Most of the nutrients retained to the systems due to the discharges of livestock wastewater were removed by soils. Most N nutrients retained in soils lost away from the systems. Keywords :bruguiera gym norrhiza ; Kandelia candel ;livestock wastewater ; nutrient () [1-3 ]. N P [1,4,5 ],.,., [6,7 ],. [5 ]. Naidoo N [8 ]., [9 ]., : ; : : (1969 ),,

2 2 : 225 [10,11 ]. N,P ( 25 4 ), ,115, cm 20 cm, 4 kg.,300 ml cm ,. 12, N P mg/ g ( n = 12), mg/ g ( n = 12). P N ( 1) cm cm ( n = 48), cm, cm ( n = 36). 1 Table 1 Characteristics of livestock wastewater,tapwater and saline water p H,mS/ cm TOC,mg/ L ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. 3 ( ) 5. 2 ( ) NH N,mg/ L ( ) 0. 3 (0 1. 0) 1. 9 (0 5. 9) NH - x - N,mg/ L < < < PO P,mg/ L ( ) 0. 2 (0 0. 5) 0. 2 (0 0. 7) : 9, 300 ml, 4, 3 : (1) ( F) ; (2) ( FW) 3, ; (3) (S) 30 ; (4) ( SW) 3,. 3.,, N H 4 + 2N,NO3-2N + NO2-2N, PO 3 4-2P. N N P N P. [12 ] way ANOVA ( ) N P. Student2Newman2Keuls

3 N H + 4 2N ( 1). 2 2 PO P ( 2). 6, PO 3-4 2P. PO 3-4 2P,N H + 4 2N. 1 NH + 4 2N Fig. 1 Leachate NH + 4 2N concentrations of Kandelia candel and B ruguiera gym norrhiza systems PO 3-4 2P Fig. 2 Leachate PO 3-4 2P concentrations of Kandelia candel and B ruguiera gym norrhiza systems N N ( 2). N 0104 mg/ g, N 2 ; ( ). N N, 018 % 112 %, 115 % 216 %. Wong N N 016 % 116 % [7 ]. P P P ( 2) : P , ; P , Table 2 Results of 2 way ANOVA for the effects of livestock wastewater discharge and salinity on soil properties of Kandelia candel and B ruguiera gym norrhiza systems (S) ( W) S W (S) ( W) S W N P N P :F, 3 ( p < 0. 05), 3 3 (0. 05 < p < 0. 01), ( p < ) 213 N P N P ( 3). N :N

4 2 : % %, % %. N % %, % %. [1,4 ]., N, N. N. 3 N P Table 3 Results of 2 way ANOVA for the effects of livestock wastewater discharge and salinity on total N and total P contents in Kandelia candel and B ruguiera gy m norrhiza (S) ( W) S W (S) ( W) S W N P :F, 3 ( p < 0. 05), 3 3 (0. 05 < p < 0. 01), ( p < ) P [13 ]. P mg/ g, P 1 4,N ( ). P,P ( 3). P,. P. P,,. P. 214 N P ( 4), [6,7 ].,,, 4 (:mg) Table 4 Mass balance of nutrient from livestock wastewater discharged into Kandelia candel and B ruguiera gym norrhiza systems (unit :mg) N / % % % % % % % % P

5 228 21,,. N, N ; P,P. 5 ( %) Table 5 Treatment efficiency ( %) for livestock wastewater nutrients by Kandelia candel and B ruguiera gym norrhiza systems N N 9515 % 8413 %, 9810 % 9217 % ; P 9118 % 7912 %, 9718 % 8810 %( 5). N 9 % [14 ], : 6314 % 1817 %,3013 % 1210 %. 15 N 1217 % [6 ], ( 0 30), N. N N. N. : [ 1 ] Clough B F,Boto K G,Attiwill P M. Mangrove and sewage :a reevaluation[ A]. In : Teas H J (ed. ). Biology and Ecology of Mangroves. Tasks for Vegetation Science Series Vol. 8[ C],Dr W.J unk Publishers,Lancaster. 1983, [ 2 ] Corbitt R A,Bowen P T. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment [ A]. In : ( Kent DM ed. ),Applied Wetlands Science and Technology[ C]. Lewis Publishers [ 3 ] Breaux A S,Farber S,Day J. Using natural coastal wetlands systems for wastewater treatment :an economic benefit analysis [J ].J Envir Mgmt,1995,44 : [ 4 ] Boto K G,Wellington J T. Nitrogen and phosphorus nutritional status of a northern Australian mangrove forest [J ]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser,1983,11 :63 69 [ 5 ] Lin P. Mangrove Ecosystem in China [ M ]. Beijing :Science Press, [ 6 ],,, 1 N [J ]1, 1996,16 :44 50 [ 7 ] Wong Y S, Tam N F Y,Lan C Y. Mangrove wetlands as wastewater treatment facility :a field trial[j ]. Hydrobiologia,1997, 352 :49 59 [ 8 ] Naidoo G. Effects of nitrate,ammonium and salinit y on growth of the mangrove B ruguiera gy m norrhiza (L. ) Lam[J ]. Aquatic Botany,1990,38 : [ 9 ] Cole D W. Soil nutrient supply in natural and managed forests[j ]. Plant and Soil,1995, :43 53 [ 10 ],. [J ].,1989,2 : [ 11 ],,, 1 [J ].,1994,14 :54 59 [ 12 ] Allen S E, Grimshaw H W,Parkinson J A et al. Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials[ M ]. Oxford :Blackwell Scientific publications [ 13 ] Salcedo I H, Medeiros C. Phosphorus transfer from tropical terrestrial to aquatic systems2mangroves [ A ]. In : Tiessen H ( Ed. ), Phosphorus in the global environment [ C],John Wiley & Sons Ltd [ 14 ] Obarska2Pempkowiak H. Seasonal variations in the efficiency of nutrient removal from domestic effluent in a quasi2natural field of reeds ( Phragmites aust ralis) [ A]. In : Etnier C, Guterstam B ( Eds. ), Ecological Engineering for wastewater treat2 ment [ C],CRC Press,Inc P