Our Living Planet. Chapter 15

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1 Our Living Planet Chapter 15

2 Learning Goals I can describe the Earth s climate and how we are affected by the sun. I can describe what causes different climate zones. I can describe what makes up an organisms habitat and niche. I can describe how ecosystems change over time. I can differentiate between the different types of biomes throughout the world.

3 Climate Temperature range, average annual precipitation, humidity, and sunshine in an area Major factor in the type of organisms that can survive Affect the structure of food webs and nutrient flows also

4 Climate Sun Earth is the only planet with temps acceptable for life Atmosphere acts as a thermostat Regulating temps Molecules in atmosphere allow only certain amounts of radiation to reach the Earth Holds the heat in also greenhouse effect

5 Climate Zones Created by winds, ocean currents, Earth s tilt Variety of climates through out the Earth Vary from pole to pole and coast to coast Can also vary with in a small area Microclimates Varies in temperature on a very small scale Example: temperature differences on south side vs north side of a building.

6 Environments Ways to describe how and where an organism lives Ecosystem - Combination of biotic and abiotic factors Abiotic Factors physical environmental factors Non-living Ie: soil type, soil acidity, availability of nutrients Biotic Factors biological environmental factors All living things with which an organism might interact

7 Ecosystem A combination of biotic and abiotic factors that is home to a group of organisms A collection of organisms interacting with each other and with their physical environments

8 Niche vs Habitat Niche Description of where an organism lives, what it eats, etc. Range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism can survive How it rests, what preys on it, when and where it eats, etc. Habitat Type of surrounding in which a species lives and thrives Plant communities and abiotic factors Ie: Pine forest, wetland, etc

9 Environments and Life Organisms interact with their environment everyday They leave behind wastes, use nutrients, and require certain things IE billions of years ago bacteria added the oxygen that is currently found in the atmosphere by processing CO 2 All biotic factors in an environment can have a profound effect on abiotic ones.

10 Changes in Ecosystems Ecological Succession transitions in species composition in a certain area over time Primary succession plants and animals gradually invade a region that was lifeless Usually bacteria, lichens, and mosses first Secondary Succession occurs after a disturbance. Eventually reach climax community Fairly stable community that does well in the ecosystem.

11 Terrestrial Biomes Based Largely on climate

12 Tundra Contain permafrost soil that does not defrost in the summer Bitterly cold temperatures, little annual rainfall Shallow topsoil, low growth plants

13 Taiga Coniferous trees dominate Heavy snowfall in winter Cold winters, mild summers

14 Temperate Deciduous Forest MICHIGAN!!! Cold winters, warm summers, experience all four seasons Deciduous trees Can recover after disturbance Moderate rainfall

15 Temperate Grasslands Seasonal Drought, occasional fires, large grazing mammals Experience all four seasons Few large woody plants

16 Chapparal Dense, spiny evergreen shrubs Mild rainy winters, hot dry summers Adapted to periodic fires (California)

17 Savanna Dominant Herbivores are insects (termites, etc) Scattered trees Rainy season, and long dry season, not enough water to support lots of large plants Fire important component Warm most of the year Large grazing animals

18 Desert Sparse rainfall (less than 30cm/year) Temperature can vary Few plants, organisms adapted to little water

19 Tropical Rain Forest Pronounced vertical stratification Large Trees in Canopy EXTREMELY diverse Warm all year, Lots of rainfall

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