Physics Unit 1. Stratford School Academy Schemes of Work. Page 1 of 15

Transcription

1 Number of weeks (between 6&8) Content of the unit Assumed prior learning (tested at the beginning of the unit) Page 1 of 15

2 Approx. 33 lessons 14 weeks Heat transfers Energy Electricity Waves Universe Year 8 Heating and Cooling Year 7 Energy resources Year 9 Electricty Assessment points and tasks Written feedback points Learning Outcomes (tested at the end and related to subject competences) P1.1 heat transfers End of chapter assessment Feedback from assessments Draw simple diagrams to model the difference between solids, liquids and gases (exam questions) x8 Feedback from 6 mark Describe the states of matter in terms of the energy of their particle. 6 mark question homework question homework Describe the energy transfers and the main energy wastages that occur in a range of situations or appliances. each week Interpret and draw a Sankey diagram. Explain the concept of efficiency and why efficiency can never be greater than 100%. Use the efficiency equation to calculate efficiency as a decimal or percentage. Describe in simple terms how the arrangement and movement of particles determine whether a material is a conductor or an insulator. Explain the role of free electrons in conduction through a metal. Use the idea of particles moving apart to make a fluid less dense Describe simple applications of convection Explain evaporation and the cooling effect this causes using the kinetic theory. List the factors that affect the rate at which a hot object transfers energy Explain the design of devices such as cooling fins in car radiator or bike engine in terms of energy transfer Explain why animals that live in hot countries have bigger ears Describe what infrared radiation is. List the factors which affect the rate at which an object radiates infrared radiation Explain the difference between emitting radiation and absorption of infrared radiation List the factors which affect the rate at which an object absorbs infrared radiation. I can. Describe what the meaning of specific heat capacity is Evaluate different materials according to their specific heat capacities State what a u-value is and what it tells us about the material as an insulator. Evaluate the effectiveness of different types of material used for insulation, including u-values and economic factors including payback time. P1.2 using energy Evaluate the efficiency and cost effectiveness of methods used to reduce energy consumption. Describe the energy transfers that occur in electrical appliances. Use the equation to calculate the energy transferred from the mains to an electrical appliance, either in joules or kilowatt-hours. Calculate the cost of using individual appliances and also to interpret electricity meter readings to calculate total cost over a period of time. P1.3 generating electricty Describe the purpose of the main parts of a power station. List different energy sources which heat the water in a power station Page 2 of 15

3 Describe what a start-up time is and which of the fossil fuels has the shortest start-up time. State the advantages of pumped storage systems in order to meet peak demand, and as a means of storing energy for later use Explain the basic principles by which wind turbines operate List different ways water can be used to drive turbines Describe the basic principles of how geothermal energy is used Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the use of solar cells in generating electricity. List some of the issues with the different ways of generating electricity Evaluate different methods of generating electricity given data including start-up times, costs of electricity generation and the total cost of generating Identify and label the essential parts of the national grid. Explain why transformers are an essential part of the national grid P1.4 waves Draw diagrams showing rays of light being reflected from a plane mirror, labelling incident and reflected rays, angles of incidence and reflection, and the normal. Describe how an image is formed by a plane mirror, and why it is virtual. Describe how oscillations occur in a transverse wave Describe how oscillations occur in a longitudinal wave Label compression and rarefaction on a wave and explain how they are formed. Know what frequency, wavelength and amplitude are and label a diagram to show these terms. List electromagnetic waves within the spectrum in order, in terms of energy, frequency and wavelength List situations where a wave is reflected, refracted or diffracted. Complete wavefront diagrams for reflection, refraction and diffraction. Know that waves are not refracted if travelling along the normal. Use the wave equation v = f λ, including the units Describe situations in which radio, microwave, infrared and visible light waves are used for communication Describe how sound waves are produced. Describe the relationship between the pitch of a sound and the frequency of the sound wave. Describe how echoes are formed. Explain the doppler effect. Describe what happens to the wavelength of a source as it moves away from you Explain the term red- shift. Describe what happens to the movement and wavelength of galaxies, the further away they are Explain how red-shift provides evidence that the universe is expanding. Describe what the big bang theory indicates about the universe Explain what cmbr is Page 3 of 15

4 Lesson Clear learning intentions (KQ) Clear success criteria (Bands) (Keywords) Hook (starter) Presentation of content (teacher input) Guided practice (pupil activities) Independent practice (homework) Closure (AfL) P1.1. Kinetic Theory Lesson 1: States of Matter Can I describe the states of matter in terms of the energy of their particles? Draw simple diagrams to model the difference between solids, liquids and gases. Describe the states of matter in terms of the energy of their particles. Draw the particles in a solid, liquid and gas Activity: Individual use/class demonstration of interactive kinetic theory modelling computer programme. Demonstrate kinetic models Homework: Designing a poster to illustrate the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles in solids, liquids and gases. True or false P1.2.1 Energy transfers and efficiency Lesson 2+3: Calculatin g Efficiency Can I calculate efficiency? Describe the energy transfers and the main energy wastages that occur in a range of situations or appliances. Interpret and draw a Sankey diagram. Understand the concept of efficiency and why efficiency can never be greater than 100%. Show picture of Sankey with numbers, what does it show? Video: Watch a video clip or view images of energy transducers. Activity: Circus of energy transfer devices. Task: Drawing of Sankey diagrams, having identified major sources of wasted energy. Activity: Choosing the best lighting. Watch video and answer questions Draw sankey + label Calculations Homework: (1) Research into James Joule s experiments (2) Use retail catalogues to see how manufacturers are aware of the need for efficiency, and how it may influence the choice of appliance by consumers Show answers to Sankey on mini whiteboards Use the equation to calculate efficiency as a decimal or percentage. P1.1.3 Energy transfer by heating Page 4 of 15

5 Lesson 4+5+6: Conduction Convection Insulation How does the arrangement & movement of particles determine whether a material is a conductor or insulator? Understand in simple terms how the arrangement and movement of particles determine whether a material is a conductor or an insulator. List three facts from last lesson Demo: Demonstrations of conduction, eg heating a metal bar with tacks stuck on with wax; rods of different materials held in a flame etc; heating rods on heat sensitive paper. Watch demos, carry out practical + writeup Homework: Make a survey, or collection, of material used in the take away food industry, explaining why it has been chosen. Conclusion to practical Understand the role of free electrons in conduction through a metal. Use the idea of particles moving apart to make a fluid less dense and to explain simple applications of convection. Activity: Class experiment measuring the temperature of hot water in a container with different materials wrapped round it. Demo: Demonstrations of convection, eg paper coil held above heat source, tracing convection currents in water etc. Use of jumbo black bag lifted by convection to sky (product of Hawkin s Bazaar, Science museum shop). Use of school Food Technology facilities to make Baked Alaska. Page 5 of 15

6 Lesson 7: Evaporatio n and Condensati on What is evaporation? Explain evaporation and the cooling effect this causes using the kinetic theory What do you already know about evaporation? Discuss: Small group discussions to explain evaporation and condensation. Activity: Individual use/class demonstration of interactive kinetic theory modelling computer programme to explain evaporation and condensation. Explain evaporation in groups. Demo kinetic theory to explain evaporation and condensation. Worksheets on application of evaporation and condensing. Homework: Research into how animals in cold and hot climates are adapted to their environments (preparation for next lesson). Find the fib evaporation causing cooling, eg thermometer bulb wrapped in wet tissue. Applications of evaporation and condensing, eg sweating, fridges, scalds etc. Lesson 8: Energy Transfer How is energy transferred? Know that the rate at which an object transfers energy by heating depends on: surface area and volume the material from which the object is made the nature of the surface with which the object is in contact. the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings. Be able to explain the design of devices in terms of energy transfer, eg cooling fins. Wordsearch Discuss: Summary of the factors affecting the rate at which an object transfers energy by heating. Task: In small groups, candidates prepare a presentation on a topic to present to the class, eg animal adaptations in terms of energy transfer, how each of the factors affects the rate at which an object transfers energy by heating and an application of this etc. Activity: Transfer of energy by heating processes, eg Tarsia puzzle. Discusion of factors affecting rate at which objects transfer energy via heating Prepare and present on animal adaptations and energy transfers Homework: The presentations could be transferred to the school Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) or summarised on paper as a revision guide for the class. Candidates create an imaginary animal which has evolved to deal with certain climatic conditions. Exit pass Be able to explain animal adaptations in terms of energy transfer, eg relative ear size of animals in cold and warm climates. P1.1.1 Infrared radiation Page 6 of 15

7 Lesson 9: Infrared Radiation What is infrared radiation? Understand what infrared radiation is. know the factors which affect the rate at which an object radiates infrared radiation Crossword Video: Watch a video clip or view images of thermographs. Task: In groups, candidates discuss what factors might affect the amount of infrared radiation emitted and present it back to the class. Leslie s cube or similar apparatus. Task: Class experiment measuring the temperature of hot water cooling in shiny and dark cans. Discussion of independent, dependent and control variables. Watch the video clip and answer questions Task: In groups, studenst discuss what factors might affect the amount of infrared radiation emitted and present it back to the class. Task: Class experiment measuring the temperature of hot water cooling in shiny and dark cans. Discussion of independent, dependent and control variables. Homework: Explain why marathon runners are wrapped in foil blankets following a race and why kettles are light coloured. Research into thermographic imaging to detect tumours, or locate bodies following natural disasters. Discuss variables Lesson 10: Radiation What is the difference between radiation and absorption of infrared radiation? Understand the difference between radiation and absorption of infrared radiation. Know the factors which affect the rate at which an object absorbs infrared radiation Code breaker Demo: Demonstrations of dark/shiny objects absorbing heat, eg use of datalogging temperature of water in two cans near a radiant heater. Discuss: Discussion of independent, dependent and control variables. Watch demo + answer questions Homework: Explain why houses and cars in hot countries tend to be light in colour. Revise for end of unit tests P1.1.4 Heating and insulating buildings Lesson 11: Specific What is specific heat Heat capacity? Capacity Understand the meaning of specific heat capacity. Evaluate different materials according to their specific heat capacities, eg water, which has a very high specific heat capacity, oil filled radiators and electric storage heaters containing concrete. Find the fib Activity: Class experiment using small immersion heaters to heat blocks of metal/containers of water. Discuss: Discussion as to whether the filling in hot pies is hotter than the pastry when removed from the oven, or similar example. Why do some foods with a filling of differing specific heat capacity sometimes warn about the filling being hot? Class experiment using small immersion heaters to heat blocks of metal/containers of water Discussion as to whether the filling in hot pies is hotter than the pastry when removed from the oven, or similar example. Why do some foods with a filling of differing specific heat capacity sometimes warn about the filling being hot? Task: students devise calculations involving specific heat capacity for their peers to attempt Homework: Attempt calculations set by other candidates True or false for calculations Page 7 of 15

8 Lesson 12: Heating and Insulating Buildings How effective are different types of materials used for insulation? Know what a U-value is and what it tells us about the material as an insulator. Be able to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of material used for insulation, including U- values and economic factors including payback time. Wordsearch model solar panel water heater. Research: Candidates research U-values of common insulating materials. Homework: Revision of sections P1.1 and P1.2. Revision check list Be able to evaluate the efficiency and cost effectiveness of methods used to reduce energy consumption. Lesson 13: P1 Test 1 Complete end of unit test Peer-assess homework as revision activity Conduct test Pupils complete test Complete end of unit test Peer-assess homework as revision activity Conduct test Kinetic theory, energy transfers and efficiency, energy transfers by heating, Infrared radiation and heating & insulating buildings P1.3.1 Transferring electrical energy Page 8 of 15

9 Lesson 14 & 15: Electrical Appliances Can I calculate the cost of using appliances? P1.4.1 Generating electricity Lesson 16 How do power stations +17: work? Power Station Understand the energy transfers that occur in electrical appliances. Use the equation to calculate the energy transferred from the mains to an electrical appliance, either in joules or kilowatthours. Calculate the cost of using individual appliances and also to interpret electricity meter readings to calculate total cost over a period of time. Understand the purpose of the main parts of a power station. know that different energy sources which heat the water include: the fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) which are burned to heat water or air uranium and plutonium, when energy from nuclear fission is used to heat water biofuels that can be burned to heat water. Which appliances cost more to use? Why? What are fossil fuels? What are they made of? Video: Watch a video clip or view images of electrical appliances.. Video: Watch video clips of electricity generation. Video: Watch a video clip or view images of electrical appliances. Activity: Measurement of energy transferred by electrical items using a datalogging device. Calculations of energy transferred and cost using typical power values of common household appliances Activity: Interactive computer programme on power stations. Activity: Generating electricity webquest. Research: Individual/group research into power stations. Homework: Find out the power of several electrical appliances in the home; estimate the cost of using these appliances in a typical week. Or Keep a diary of the numbers on your electricity meter for a week. Why are there two sets of numbers? What does your electricity provider charge per kwh? Homework: Start to produce a booklet or presentation on generating electricity. Mini white board quiz Show me, renwable or non-renewable? Know that, of the fossil fuel power stations, gas-fired have the shortest start-up time. Be aware of the advantages of pumped storage systems in order to meet peak demand, and as a means of storing energy for later use. Page 9 of 15

10 Lesson 18: Renewable Energy What is renewable energy? Know the basic principles by which wind turbines operate. Know that water can be used to drive turbines in a variety of ways, which include, but are not limited to, waves, tides and the falling of water in hydroelectric schemes. What does renewable energy mean? Any examples? Carousel with different energy resources Carousel and fill in table or w/sheet Homework: Continue to produce a booklet or presentation on generating electricity. Draw a map of you local area/county/region and mark on it the power stations showing what energy source they use. Find the fib Know the basic principles of how geothermal energy is used. Lesson 19: Solar Power How does solar power generate electricity? Know that solar cells can be used to generate electricity. Show solar panels, what are they used for? solar cells linked to electrical devices. Activity: Class experiment to investigate the factors affecting the output of a solar cell. Homework: BBC GCSE Bitesize revision Generating Electricity. Exit pass Be able to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the use of solar cells in generating electricity. Page 10 of 15

11 Lesson 20: Energy and the Environme nt How does generating electricity effect the environment? Understand effects on the environment such as: the release of substances into the atmosphere the production of waste materials noise and visual pollution the destruction of wildlife habitats. Picture of power station releasing fumes. How may this effect the environment? Video: Watch video clips of environmental effects of different methods of generating electricity. Watch vide and answer questions Activity: Group research and presentation of advantages and disadvantages of different methods of generating electricity, including start-up time. Activity: Carbon capture and storage. Homework: Enercities interactive game, or similar. Or Find out what power sources are used by their domestic energy providers. Bingo on previous lessons Understand that carbon capture and storage is a rapidly evolving technology. Understand that to prevent carbon dioxide building up in the atmosphere we can catch and store it; some of the best natural containers are old oil and gas fields, such as those under the North Sea. Evaluate different methods of generating electricity given data including startup times, costs of electricity generation and the total cost of generating electricity when factors such as building and decommissioning are taken into account. The reliability of different methods should also be understood. P1.4.2 The National Grid Lesson 21: How does the national The grid work? National Grid Identify and label the essential parts of the National Grid. Know why transformers are an essential part of the National Grid. Show picture of national grid. What is this used for? Is it dangerous? Video: Watch video clips of the National Grid. Demo: Demonstration model of main components of the National Grid. Video: Watch video clips of the National Grid. Answer questions on demo Discuss: Discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of overhead and underground power lines. Homework: BBC GCSE Bitesize revision. Fill in gaps Page 11 of 15

12 Lesson 22: End of unit test Complete end of unit test Peer-assess homework as revision activity Conduct test Pupils complete test Complete end of unit test Peer-assess homework as revision activity Conduct test Transferring electrical energy, generating electricity, national grid P1 Test 2 P1.5.2 Reflection Lesson : Wave Properties: Reflection What are the properties of waves? Draw diagrams showing rays of light being reflected from a plane mirror, labelling incident and reflected rays, angles of incidence and reflection, and the normal. Brainstorm what you know about waves. Demo experiments. Activity: Class experiment reflecting light at different angles off a plane mirror. Activity: Class experiment observing images in two plane mirrors at different angles Homework: Questions on uses of plane mirrors. Find the fib Understand how an image is formed by a plane mirror, and why it is virtual. P1.5.1 General properties of waves Page 12 of 15

13 Lesson : Transverse and Longitudin al Waves What is the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves? Understand that in a transverse wave the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. Understand that in a longitudinal wave the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer. Understand the terms compression and rarefaction and how they are formed. Picture of both waves. What are the differences in the waves? transverse and longitudinal waves using slinky springs or other equipment. Watch demo and discuss Research: Group research into properties and uses of electromagnetic waves. Homework: Make a display poster showing the properties and uses of electromagnetic waves. Or Make up your own illustrated mnemonic or acronym to help you remember the order of the electromagnetic spectrum. Demonstrate both waves as a class Lesson : Reflection, Refraction and Diffraction What happens to waves in reflection, refraction and diffraction? Understand the terms frequency, wavelength and amplitude and be able to annotate a diagram to show these terms. Know the order of electromagnetic waves within the spectrum, in terms of energy, frequency and wavelength. Understand the circumstances where a wave is reflected, refracted or diffracted. Code breaker properties of waves using a ripple tank. bent pencil and/or disappearing coin. Watch demo, discuss Video: Watch video clips of properties of waves. Activity: Class experiment/demonstration to observe refraction of light through a glass block. Homework: Research examples/uses of reflection, refraction and diffraction. Pupil complete sentences: One thing I know about this topic is One thing I don t understand is One question I have is Be able to complete wavefront diagrams for reflection, refraction and diffraction. Know that waves are not refracted if travelling along the normal. Page 13 of 15

14 Lesson 29: Calculatin g Waves Can I calculate waves? Be able to use the equation, knowing that v is speed in metres per second (m/s) f is frequency in hertz (Hz) and λ is wavelength in metres (m). Label a wave Demo: Class experiment using transverse waves along a length of rope to investigate the relationship between frequency and wavelength. Activity: Class experiment using transverse waves along a length of rope to investigate the relationship between frequency and wavelength. students write questions based on the equation. Homework: Candidates answer each other s questions. Or Research frequency of local and national radio frequencies, for next lesson. Match answers to calculation questions Lesson 30: Communic ations How are waves used in communications? Know situations in which waves are typically used for communication, eg: radio waves TV and radio (including diffraction effects) microwaves mobile phones and satellite television infrared remote controls visible light photography. List ways in which waves are used for communications. Have pictures to help. microwave properties using microwave transmitter and detector. Activity: Candidates discuss their knowledge from homework of range of frequencies used for local and national radio networks and share their experience as to what happens to the radio signals as they travel in their cars. Research: Group research into using waves for communication, including the concerns surrounding possible risks related to mobile phones. Homework: BBC Bitesize Sending Information. form of mini debate regarding the sitting of a mobile phone mast. P1.5.3 Sound Lesson 31: Sound How are sound waves produced? Know how sound waves are produced. Understand the relationship between the pitch of a sound and the frequency of the sound wave. Understand how echoes are formed. Label different parts of a longitudinal wave properties of sound using signal generator, loudspeaker and Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO). electric bell in bell jar type apparatus to show the need for a medium. Watch and discuss demos Do w/s based on demos students bring in stringed instruments to observe vibrating strings and relate to pitch. Homework: Questions on sound. Exit pas echoes from an outside wall. measurement of the speed of sound in air. P1.5.4 Red-shift Page 14 of 15

15 Lesson 32: Doppler Effect What is the Doppler effect? Be able to explain the Doppler effect. Know that when the source moves away from the observer, the observed wavelength increases and the frequency decreases; when the source moves towards the observer, the observed wavelength decreases and the frequency increases. What happens to a police siren as it goes past you? Why do you think this happens? Doppler effect using sound. Research: Group research into the origins of the universe. Video: Watch video clips of redshift, Big Bang theory, and CMBR. Answer questions Homework: research into the discovery of CMBR True or false Be able to explain the term red- shift. Lesson 33+34: Big Bang Theory What is the big band theory? Know that the further away the galaxies are, the faster they are moving, and the bigger the observed increase in wavelength. Be able to explain how redshift provides evidence that the universe is expanding. What do you know about the big bang theory? Doppler effect using sound. Watch demo and discuss Research: Group research into the origins of the universe. Video: Watch video clips of redshift, Big Bang theory, and CMBR. Homework: research into the discovery of CMBR. Pupil complete sentences: One thing I know about this topic is One thing I don t understand is One question I have is Know that the Big Bang theory indicates that the universe began from a very small initial point. Lesson 35: P1 Test 3 Complete end of unit test Know that CMBR comes from radiation that was present shortly after the beginning of the universe. Peer-assess homework as revision activity Conduct test Pupils complete test Complete end of unit test Peer-assess homework as revision activity Conduct test Reflection, General properties of waves, Sound, Red Shift. Page 15 of 15