Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3
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1 Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University August 29, 2016 Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
2 Outline 1 Questions and answers Quiz 2 Plants in general Green slug, spruce and full plant parasites 3 Plants in general Levels of organization Taxonomy 4 Ways of life Energy and food Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
3 Outline 1 Questions and answers Quiz 2 Plants in general Green slug, spruce and full plant parasites 3 Plants in general Levels of organization Taxonomy 4 Ways of life Energy and food Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
4 Outline 1 Questions and answers Quiz 2 Plants in general Green slug, spruce and full plant parasites 3 Plants in general Levels of organization Taxonomy 4 Ways of life Energy and food Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
5 Outline 1 Questions and answers Quiz 2 Plants in general Green slug, spruce and full plant parasites 3 Plants in general Levels of organization Taxonomy 4 Ways of life Energy and food Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
6 Questions and answers Quiz Questions and answers Quiz Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
7 Quiz Questions and answers Quiz What is the difference between plants 1 and plants 2? Plants 1 green slug, cyanobacteria, algae Plants 2 melon, oak, cactus full parasites Plants 1 and plants 2 are similar but not the same Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
8 Plants in general Green slug, spruce and full plant parasites Plants in general Green slug, spruce and full plant parasites Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
9 Hydnora Plants in general Green slug, spruce and full plant parasites Root parasite Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
10 Pilostyles Plants in general Green slug, spruce and full plant parasites Tissue parasite Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
11 Dodder Plants in general Green slug, spruce and full plant parasites Stem parasite Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
12 Plants in general Levels of organization Plants in general Levels of organization Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
13 Levels of organization Plants in general Levels of organization Ecosystems OR Taxa Populations Organisms Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Molecules Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
14 Place of botany Plants in general Levels of organization... birds mammals... insects ecosystems plants fungi bacteria Ecology organisms Physiolology cells Cytology molecules Molecular biology Entomology Botany Mycology Microbiology Layered cake of biology (Odum, 1971): botany is a slice science Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
15 Plants in general Taxonomy Plants in general Taxonomy Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
16 Ranks Plants in general Taxonomy Most scientists accept seven main ranks: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
17 Names Plants in general Taxonomy Names of species are binomials like Solanum tuberosum (potato) Names of other ranks are uninomials like Vegetabilia (plant kingdom) Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
18 Pyramid of life Plants in general Taxonomy Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
19 Plants in general Questions about pyramid Taxonomy What is Monera? Prokaryotes: (1) Bacteria and (2) Archaea What is Protista? Eukaryotes without tissues Where are eukaryotes? Protista, Vegetabilia and Animalia Where are fungi? They belong to different protists Where are plants 2? Vegetabilia Where are plants 1? Here it is not applicable Why are two groups on one level? Vegetabilia and Animalia both have tissues but obtained them for the radically different purposes. Animals acquired kinoblast and phagocytoblast to hunt and digest, and plants have epidermis and photosynthetic tissue to survive on land. Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
20 Plants in general Plants 1 and plants 2 (updated) Taxonomy Plants 1 are all photosynthetic organisms Plants 2 are Vegetabilia: multi-tissued, terrestrial, primarily photosynthetic eukaryotes Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
21 Ways of life Energy and food Ways of life Energy and food Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
22 Ways of life Ways of life Energy and food How to obtain energy? 1 From sun light: phototrophy 2 From chemical reactions with inorganic matter ( rocks ): lithotrophy 3 From breaking organic molecules into inorganic (typically, carbon dioxide and water): organotrophy How to obtain building blocks? 1 From assimilation of carbon dioxide: autotrophy 2 From other living beings: heterotrophy Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
23 Ways of life Six life styles and taxonomy Energy and food Autotrophs Phototrophs Lithotrophs Organotrophs Plants 1 : some Monera, some Protista, most of Vegetabilia Some Monera Some Monera Heterotrophs Some Monera Some Monera Majority of Animalia and many Protista and Monera Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
24 Ways of life Plants 1, plants 2 and life styles Energy and food Plants 1 are photoauthotrophs Plants 2 are photoauthotrophs too but there are exceptions: fully parasitic plants. Formally, many parasitic plants are plants 2 but not plants 1 Carnivorous plants (like sundew or Venus flycatcher) are all photoautotrophs! They eat animals to obtain fertilizers: nitrogen and phosphorous. Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
25 Final question (1 point) Ways of life Energy and food Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
26 Final question (1 point) Ways of life Energy and food Which of plants 2 are not plants 1? Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
27 Summary Ways of life Energy and food Botany is a slice science Carnivorous plants are not carnivores Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
28 For Further Reading Ways of life Energy and food A. Shipunov. Introduction to Botany [Electronic resource] Mode of access: Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 3 August 29, / 24
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