CHAPTER 5 WARM UPS. Mrs. Hilliard

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 5 WARM UPS Mrs. Hilliard

2 CHAPTER 5 VOCABULARY 1. Photosynthesis 2. Cellular respiration 3. Producer 4. Consumer 5. Decomposer 6. Food chain 7. Food web 8. Trophic level 9. Carbon cycle 10. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria 11. Nitrogen cycle 12. Phosphorus cycle 13. Ecological succession 14. Primary succession 15. Secondary succession 16. Pioneer species 17. Climax community

3 1. Photosynthesis- the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. 2. Cellular respiration- the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates. 3. Producer- an organism that can make its own food (organic molecules from inorganic molecules). 4. Consumer- an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter instead of producing its own nutrients. 5. Decomposer- an organism that feeds by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms. 6. Food chain- the pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms. 7. Food web- a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. 8. Trophic level- one of the steps in a food chain or food pyramid. 9. Carbon cycle- the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back. 10. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria- bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. CHAPTER 5 VOCABULARY 11. Nitrogen cycle- the process in which nitrogen circulates among the air, soil, water, plants, and animals in an ecosystem. 12. Phosphorus cycle- the cyclic movement of phosphorous in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment. 13. Ecological succession- a gradual process of change and replacement in a community. 14. Primary succession- succession that begins in an area that previously did not support life. 15. Secondary succession- the process by which one community replaces another community that has been partially or totally destroyed. 16. Pioneer species- a species that colonizes an uninhabited area and that starts an ecological cycle in which many other species become established. 17. Climax community- a final, stable community in equilibrium with the environment.

4 ENERGY 1.What type of organisms get their energy only from producers? 2.What type of organisms get their energy directly from the sun? 3.Which organisms get their energy indirectly from the sun? 4.How do some rare bacteria deep in the ocean get their energy?

5 ENERGY 1.What type of organisms get their energy only from producers? Herbivores 2.What type of organisms get their energy directly from the sun? Plants and other producers 3.Which organisms get their energy indirectly from the sun? Consumers 4.How do some rare bacteria deep in the ocean get their energy? From hydrogen sulfide in the hot water

6 FOOD CHAINS 5. If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to use? 6. What is the energy that is consumed by organisms stored as? 7. Where would algae be found in a food chain?

7 FOOD CHAINS 5. If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to use? 10% 6. What is the energy that is consumed by organisms stored as? Fat and sugar molecules 7. Where would algae be found in a food chain? At the bottom as a producer

8 ECOSYSTEM ENERGY 8. What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem? 9. What is the process in which energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules? 10.What do we know about cellular respiration?

9 ECOSYSTEM ENERGY 8. What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem? Food Web 9. What is the process in which energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules? Photosynthesis 10.What do we know about cellular respiration? It is the reverse reaction of photosynthesis, it produces energy, oxygen is one of the primary reactants.

10 PHOTOSYNTHESIS 11. List some photosynthetic organisms. 12. What is the ultimate source of energy for living things, except for those that live in the deep ocean near thermal vents? 13.What group of consumers are bacteria and fungi examples of?

11 PHOTOSYNTHESIS 11. List some photosynthetic organisms. Algae, plants, phytoplankton, any autotrophs 12. What is the ultimate source of energy for living things, except for those that live in the deep ocean near thermal vents? The sun 13. What group of consumers are bacteria and fungi examples of? Decomposers

12 NUTRIENT CYCLES 14.What contains carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago? 15.Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only when transformed by bacteria first? 16.How are humans increasing the amount of carbon in the environment?

13 NUTRIENT CYCLES 14. What contains carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago? Coal, oil, and natural gas 15. Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only when transformed by bacteria first? Nitrogen 16. How are humans increasing the amount of carbon in the environment? By burning fossil fuels in great quantities has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

14 NUTRIENT CYCLES 17. Why are plants important in the carbon cycle? 18.Why are bacteria that live within the roots of a soybean plant a critical part of the nitrogen cycle? 19.What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live within the nodules on the roots of plants called?

15 NUTRIENT CYCLES 17. Why are plants important in the carbon cycle? They allow carbon to enter into the ecosystem through photosynthesis 18. Why are bacteria that live within the roots of a soybean plant a critical part of the nitrogen cycle? The bacteria change atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form. 19.What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live within the nodules on the roots of plants called? legumes

16 CARBON 20. What are underground carbon sources composed of plants and animals that died millions of years ago called? 21.Nearby lakes and streams can be affected by nitrogen and phosphorus cycles from what being used in excess?

17 CARBON 20. What are underground carbon sources composed of plants and animals that died millions of years ago called? Fossil fuels 21.Nearby lakes and streams can be affected by nitrogen and phosphorus cycles from what being used in excess? Fertilizer

18 11. PHOTOSYNTHESIS