Sorting It All Out CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

Transcription

1 Sorting It All Out CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS 1

2 WHAT DO I NEED TO LEARN FROM THIS UNIT? Classify organisms into the currently recognized kingdoms according to characteristics that they share. Be familiar with organisms from each kingdom 2

3 WHAT IS DOES THE WORD CLASSIFICATION MEAN? To put things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics 3

4 ASK YOURSELF What types of things do we classify? Why do we need to classify? 4

5 HOW DO SCIENTISTS CLASSIFY ORGANISMS? TAXONOMY The science of describing, classifying, and naming living things 5

6 LIVING ORGANISMS NON LIVING ORGANISMS Made of cells Carries out basic life activities Move, grow, and reproduce Senses and reacts to their environment Not made of cells Do not carry out life activities Do not move by themselves Do not develop and reproduce HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS LIVING? 6

7 WHO S RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL THIS? The system was created by a Swedish scientist named Carolus Linnaeus Developed over 200 years ago He gave each organism a two-word Latin name (Binomial Nomenclature) Bi = two Nomial = name 7

8 LINNEAUS SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Each species of a living thing is given a DOUBLE NAME First Name (Genus) example: your first and last name Tells which group of similar species the living thing belongs to Second Name (Species) Tells the name of the one particular species in that genus 8

9 LINNEAUS SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Example: o Scientific Name for a dog Canis familiaris o Scientific Name for a Timber Wolf Canis lupus o Scientific Name for a Coyote Canis latrans o Notice that the word Canis is used in all of these names. This is the Latin word for DOG. o It is used as the genus name because these animals are all dog-like animals o The second name, species, indicates the particular type of dog 9

10 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Every living thing is classified into categories which start broad then become more specific. 10

11 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION As one goes from the Kingdom to the Species (DOWNWARD DOWNWARD) An DOWNWARD increase in the similarity between organisms occur There are fewer numbers of different kinds of organisms 11

12 KINGDOM First level Largest Most general Divided into 6 kingdoms archaebateria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia 12

13 PHYLUM 2nd level Divides the kingdom Phyla plural of phylum Each kingdom has multiple phyla 13

14 CLASS 3rd level Divides the phyla 14

15 ORDER 4th level Divides the class 15

16 FAMILIES 5th level Divides the orders 16

17 GENUS 6th level Divides the families Genera plural form 17

18 SPECIES 7th level Divides the genera Organisms at this level are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring 18

19 In other words Kingdom: The highest level Phylum: A subdivision of a kingdom Class: Each phylum is divided into classes Order: Each class is divided into orders Family: Each order is divided into families Genus: Each family is divided into genera Species: Lowest level (represents a single type of organism) 19

20 CLASSIFICATION OF A GRIZZLY BEAR 20

21 DICHOTOMOUS KEY Identification aid that uses sequential pairs of descriptive statements to help identify an organism See example in Figure 5, pg

22 HOMEWORK Write an original catch phrase for the categories of classification so that each word in the phrase begins with the letter of the category in their correct order from largest to smallest Example: Kids play cards on fat green stools Phyllum Kingdom Order Class Species Family Genus 22

23 SIX KINGDOMS Originally living things were classified as either plant or animal As science progressed scientists discovered organisms that did not fit into either category 23

24 ARCHAEBACTERIA Archae means ancient in Greek Unicellular Found in extreme environments Discovered in 1983 EUBACTERIA Found in soil, water, human body Depending on type can help or harm humans Can be helpful converts milk to yogurt Can be harmful causes pneumonia Bacteria small, prokaryote, unicellular organisms SIX KINGDOMS 24

25 PROTISTS Called the odds and ends kingdom because it contains unicellular and simple multicellular organisms that are not bacteria, animals, plants, or fungi All eukaryotes Protozoans animal-like protists Algae plantlike protists FUNGI Organisms that do not perform photosynthesis or eat food Absorb nutrients from substances in their environment decaying substances Most are multicellular Mushrooms, mold, and mildew SIX KINGDOMS 25

26 PLANTAE Complex, multicellular organisms Eukaryotic organisms with cell walls and make food through photosynthesis Autotrophs make their own food Live on land and water where light can penetrate Supplies nutrients for most life on Earth Provide habitat for other organisms 2nd largest kingdom ANIMALIA Complex, multicellular organisms without cell walls Usually able to move and have specialized sense organs Cannot make their own food Largest of all the kingdoms Heterotrophs eat other organisms Found in diverse environments around the world SIX KINGDOMS 26

27 HOMEWORK 1. List the 6 kingdoms 2. Give one example of an organism from each of the 6 kingdoms 27