Station 1 : Evolution KEY

Transcription

1 Station 1 : Evolution KEY Theory of Natural Selection: Use the answers in the bank, to fill in the blanks a. Overproduction b. The spread of an adaptation throughout new generations. c. Variation d. A process where those with beneficial adaptations have a better chance for survival. e. Adaptation f. Decent with Modification 1. Natural selection is A process where those with beneficial adaptations have a better chance for survival. a. It is based upon 4 principles: i. A Producing more offspring than are likely to survive. ii. C Heritable differences in an individual from those of the same population. iii. F The ability of a trait to be inherited and passed down from one generation to the next. iv. E A characteristic that allows an individual to better survive in their environment over others of the same population. Evidence for Evolution: Answer the following questions 2. By looking at the DNA sequences above, would you say that the two species are: (circle one) closely related or not closely related a. What type of evidence is this? Molecular (DNA) 3. What types of structures are shown? a. Homologous Structures b. Vestigial Structures i. What type of evolutionary evidence is this? Anatomical 4. In the strata shown right, which fossil(s) are the most primitive? A and B a. What type of evidence is this? Fossil

2 Mechanisms for Evolution: Answer the following questions 5. What are the 5 factors that can lead to evolution: a. Natural Selection b. Mutation c. Sexual Selection d. Gene Flow What happens when there is none of this? i. Speciation e. Genetic Drift Patterns in Evolution: Answer the following questions 6. What two patterns are usually seen after a mass extinction? a. Adaptive Radiation b. Punctuated Equilibrium i. What type of genetic drift is this? The Bottleneck Effect ii. What is the other type of genetic drift? Founders Effect Fossil Record: Answer the following questions 7. According to the graph, a material that has approximately 6.25% 14C remaining, is how old? a. 0 years of age b years of age c years of age d years of age e years of age 8. Circle one: Radiometric dating / Relative dating is more accurate at measuring the age of remains. Origin of Life: Answer the following questions 9. Who created this experiment? Miller-Urey a. What was the purpose of the experiment? To show the conditions of early Earth (the atmosphere and electrical current) were able to form organic molecules (amino acids) from inorganic molecules.

3 Station 2: Ecology KEY Ecological Relationships 1. Label the following ecological levels of organization e. Biome d. Ecosystem c. Community b. Population a. Organism 2. List all the biotic and abiotic factors that you can find in the picture above: BIOTIC FACTORS Alligator Birds Turtles Fish Plants ABIOTIC FACTORS Water Soil Temperature Sunlight 3. What does the diagram to the right represent? Food Web a. What do the arrows represent? Energy Flow b. Circle organisms in the diagram to create a food chain. c. What organism(s) are the base (support) for the diagram? Producers d. Name one secondary consumer: Spider or Owl orhawk e. What organism is missing from this diagram? Decomposer

4 4. Using your food chain from #3, create an Energy Pyramid and add the components below. a. Label each trophic level. b. Use arrows to show the flow of energy. Secondary Consumers Primary Consumers Producers 5. The grass contains 50,000 kcal of energy. How much energy is transferred to the grass hopper? 5,000 a. How much energy is transferred to the owl? 500 b. What happens to the rest of the energy? It is lost as heat 6. What symbiotic relationships do the following pictures represent? Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism 7. Compare & Contrast: PRIMARY SUCCESSION SUCCESSION SECONDARY SUCCESSION Previously Uninhabited Biotic changes Previously Habited Begins with bare rock and Begins with thin layer of soil pioneer species Happens due to a disturbance Happens over long period Takes less time of time

5 8. Label the following cycles of matter: Oxygen Cycle Hydrologic Cycle Carbon Cycle Phosphorous Cycle Nitrogen Cycle

6 Station 3: Human Body The senses 1. Sight- label the eye: Word bank: pupil, cornea, lens, iris, retina, optic nerve a. What controls the amount of light that enters? Iris Optic nerve retina lens b. What focuses the light? Lens cornea c. Where can you find rods and cones? In the retina pupil pupil 2. Owls are active at night. Due to this, which photoreceptor would you expect to be used more frequently? (Circle One) ROD / CONE Hearing 3. Where are mechanoreceptors located? Cochlea a. What are these called? Hair cells 4. What kind of stimuli do mechanoreceptors detect?vibrations Touch, Taste, and Smell 5. Use the following key to match the sense with the description below: A=touch, B=taste, C=smell (Answers can be used more than once, or not at all) a. C Uses the olfactory nerve. b. B, C Uses chemoreceptors. c. A Uses thermoreceptors. Blood 6. Fill in diagram d. A, B, C Uses nerves to generate impulses. e. A Uses mechanoreceptors. Whole Blood Is composed mainly of Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Is composed of an O 2 carrying protein 7. Carries oxygen to the cells, 8. and CO 2 away as waste. Consists of: a. T Cells that destroy infected body cells. b. B cells that make antibodies. c. Phagocytes that eat clumped pathogens. Helps form clots that control bleeding Which is composed of water.

7 7. Write the blood type for each patient: a. Steve has B antigens and Rh factor B+ i. He can donate to AB+, B+ and receive from B-, B+, O+, O-. b. Lisa has A and B antibodies, and no Rh factor O- i. She can receive from O-. c. Ashtyn has no antibodies but does have Rh factor AB+ i. She can donate to AB+. Nervous and Endocrine System 8. What is the picture below? Neuron (nerve cell) 9. Label the picture: Dendrites Cell Body Axon Axon Terminals 10. Nerve cells are physically (circle) CONNECTED / DISCONNECTED, while the glands of the endocrine system are physically (circle) CONNECTED / DISCONNECTED. 11. How does the endocrine system communicate? By releasing hormones into the blood stream. 12. Match the gland with the proper hormone/function: H Ovaries F Testes C Pituitary E Thymus A Pancreas D Thyroid B Hypothalamus G Adrenal Glands a. Controls glucose levels in blood. Releases insulin and/or glucagon (sugars). b. Stimulates the pituitary glands and controls growth, reproduction, and body temp. c. Controls [H 2 O] in the blood and controls cell growth. d. Regulates metabolism. e. Allows WBC s to mature. f. Releases primarily testosterone and is responsible for male sexual maturity. g. Releases epinephrine and increases breathing, alertness, and blood pressure. h. Releases primarily estrogen and progesterone; also, regulates female sexual maturity.

8 Station 4: Microorganisms & Taxonomy Viruses 1. Why are viruses not in the above tree of life? Viruses are not living. 2. A virus that infects bacteria is known as a bacteriophage. a. Label it s parts (on the right): 3. What virus affects your immune system? Most, but specifically HIV. Capsid Genetic material Bacteria 4. Which bacteria is bacilli shaped? B 5. If bacteria A stained purple, it would be gram (circle) POSITIVE / NEGATIVE. 6. What kind of cells are bacteria composed of? Prokaryotic A B C Tail fibers Protista 7. Fill in the following diagram: Protists are eukaryotic, but are NOT plants, animals, or fungus. Fungus-like protists. Heterotrophic Animal-like protists. Heterotrophic, single celled. Includes slime molds and water molds. Plant-like are photosynthetic and can be found in multicellular colonies or single Includes psuedopods (amoebas) and ciliates (parameciums)

9 Fungi 8. Label the parts of the fungi below: Fruiting body hyphae mycelium 9. Match the following: C A B Basidia- spore producing structure of club fungi Ascus- spore producing structure of sac fungi Zygospore- spore producing structure of primitive fungi. Plants 10. Place the different types of plants we learned about on the cladogram below (add any other traits you can think of): Mosses Ferns (seedless (seedless vascular) Gymnosperms Angiosperms nonvascular) seeds enclosed in fruit seeds has vascular system photosynthetic 11. Sporophytes are (circle) HAPLOID / DIPLOID. 12. Gametophytes are (circle) HAPLOID / DIPLOID. 13. Tell whether the plants are monocot (M) or dicot (D): a. M b. D c. M