7 th Grade Life Science Review Packet

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1 7 th Grade Life Science Review Packet Ms. Shirreffs Name:

2 Introduction and Characteristics of Life 1. This year we studied life science, another word for life science is 2. Which term describes an organism s ability to maintain a stable internal environment such as a constant temperature? 3. What are the 6 characteristics of life? 4. How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ? 5. How do unicellular and multicellular organisms differ? 6. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? 7. Use the word bank to correctly identify each term. An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles An organism that is made up of only one cell An organism that is able to produce its own food through photosynthesis An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles An organism that must consume other organisms in order to obtain energy An organism that is made up of many cells 2

3 Organic Compounds: compounds that contain carbon. All living things contains carbon Macromolecules: big molecules made up on smaller parts Amino acids Energy Glucose DNA Nucleotides Simple sugars Repair Energy RNA 8. Carbohydrates are a main source of a. Made up of b. EX: Starch can be broke down in to c. EX: Potatoes, Juice, Pasta, Bread 9. Lipids are a rich source a. Body will store excess as fat b. EX: Fats and oils (butter, olive oil, wax) 10. Proteins help with growth and of cells a. Made up of b. EX: meats 11. Nucleic Acids are made up of a. Ex: and 12. What is the amount in grams of carbohydrates that you will receive if you have one serving of this product? 13. What is the amount in grams of fat that you will receive if you eat all the food in this box of food? 14. What is the amount in grams of sugar that you will receive if you have one serving of this product? 15. What is the amount in grams of protein that you will receive if you have one serving of this product 3

4 1. What is a cell? Cells 2. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? 3. What piece of lab equipment allows us to observe cells? Briefly describe how this instrument works. 4. Briefly describe spontaneous generation. 5. Use the following terms below: tissue, organs, cells, organelles, organ systems 6. List the 4 main types of tissue found in the human body. 7. Groups of organs working together make up organ systems. Name 3 organ systems found in the human body. 4

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6 11. Match each term with the correct definition. 12. Inside the nucleus there are structures in bundles of genetic code that regulates and controls all the cells activities (blueprint of life) and is called 13. There are two types of transport across the cell membrane, active and passive. Compare them below. 6

7 Reproduction 1. What is sexual reproduction? 2. What is asexual reproduction? 3. List and describe 2 advantages of sexual reproduction. 4. List and describe 2 disadvantages of sexual reproduction. 5. List and describe 2 advantages of asexual reproduction. 6. List and describe 2 disadvantages of asexual reproduction. 7. Uncontrolled (abnormal) mitosis means that the cells of an organism do not know when to stop dividing. If a person has this problem, we can say that they are suffering from 8. Most unicellular organisms reproduce by which type of asexual reproduction? 9. Sex cells are produced by the process called 7

8 Use the diagram below to answer questions What process is happening at letter C? 11. What percentage of genes does the female egg (letter B) have in relationship to a normal body cell? 12. What percentage of genes does the male sperm (letter A) have in relationship to a normal body cell? 13. What process does a fertilized egg cell have to do to become a multicellular organism? 14. Which has more genetic variation an organism produced asexually verses an organism produced sexually? Why? 15. The organisms to the right undergo developmental changes or stages in life this is known as 8

9 Genetics 1. Who were the scientists who received the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the structure of DNA? 2. Many cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that are composed of. 3. There are 4 nucleotides and they always pair up as - and - 4. The sex of a human is determined by the X and Y chromosomes. A male is and a female is. 5. The number of chromosomes inside most cells of a normal, healthy human body cell is. The number of chromosomes inside most cells of a normal sex cell is. 6. The passing on of traits from an organism to its offspring is known as. 7. In humans, a trait can be determined by one pair or many pairs of. 8. The diagram to the right is called a. a. What is the sex of this child? b. What genetic disorder does this child have? How do you know? 9. If a gorilla has 48 chromosomes in its body cell, how many chromosomes are in its sex cell? 10. If a dog has 39 chromosomes in its sperm or egg cell, how many chromosomes are in its body (somatic) cell? A homozygous organism can also be referred to as pure or purebred and heterozygous organisms can be referred to as a hybrid 9

10 Read the following scenarios. Fill in the Punnett squares and answer the questions

11 14. Match each term with the correct definition. 15. If have a straight hairline is dominant(a) and a peaked is recessive(a); why will Aa individuals have a straight hairline rather than a peaked hairline? 16. Over several generations humans have played with the genetics of many animals. For example, if we take a Yorkie and breed it with a Poodle we get a Yorkie Poo. This is an example of what process? 17. A new variety of tomato is better tasting and can be grown in colder temperatures than other tomato varieties. Placing additional gene segments into the DNA of the tomato plant produces this new tomato. This is an example of what process? 18. When the genes in a gene pair are both expressed (blended), since they are both the same strength, the genes are said to show 11

12 Evolution 1. Who came up with the theory of evolution? 2. According to the theory of evolution, the first living things to appear on Earth were unicellular or multicellular? 3. What is natural selection? 4. Some evidence that evolution has occurred is.. 5. What is an adaptation? Give an example of an adaptation in an organism. Use the diagram to the right (a cladogram or tree of life) to answer the following questions: 6. According to the diagram above are humans more closely related to whales or tuna (fish)? Why? 7. What famous reptiles did birds evolve from? 8. According to the diagram above are humans more closely related to frogs or fish? Why? 12

13 1. Taxonomy (Classification) 2. Read each description. Use the word bank to identify each kingdom. 3. List the order of classification from most specific to least specific. 4. Humans belong to the Kingdom. What is the genus and species name for humans?? 13

14 Use the diagram below to answer questions What classification groups do all five animals have in common? 6. Which animals belong to the same orders? 7. Which animals belong to the same family? Name that family. 8. Which animals belong to the same genus? Name the genus. 9. What two organisms are the most closely related? Why? 10. A virus is considered non- living, Why? 11. What is the best way to prevent infection by a virus? 12. A mushroom belongs to what Kingdom? 13. How do mushrooms reproduce? 14. How do most fungi get their nutrients? 14

15 15. Protists have specialized structures for movement (locomotion). Identify the structures in the pictures below. 16. Protists can sometimes cause disease, the main disease they can cause worldwide is. 17. Chemicals/medicines, which we use to kill harmful bacteria that because infections are called. 18. What is the difference between bacteria and archaebacteria How would you classify bird W based on the key to the right? 15

16 Plants 1. Plants are known as because they produce their own food through the process known as. 2. What is the equation for the process of photosynthesis? 3. What is the function of the following plant parts: a. Roots b. Stem c. Leaves d. Flower 4. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms reproduce with. 5. Label the parts of the seed: A- B- C- 16

17 6. The male sex cell in a plant is 7. The male part of the flower is the and made up of 2 parts the 8. The female part of the flower is and is made up of 3 parts the, and. 9. Most plants have vascular tissue, what are the 2 types and what do they do? 10. Plants also need to do the process of cellular respiration. Write the equation below. 11. Identify the organelles that photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in. 17

18 1. Define biotic factors and 3 examples. Ecology 2. Define abiotic factors and 3 examples. Use the diagram to the right to answer questions What is the orginal source of energy in this food web? 4. List the autotrophs 5. List the herbivores 6. List the carnivores 7. List a possible decomposer who returns nutrients to the soil. 8. Write a possible food chain from this diagram. 18

19 9. What do the arrows represent in the food web to the right? 10. List two predator- prey relationships in this food web. 11. Why are producers necessary in a food chain? 12. A relationship in which one organism lives on, near or inside another organism and at least one of the organisms benefit is called. 13. List the 3 types of symbiotic relationships and give an example for each. 14. What is a limiting factor? What would be some limiting factors for a population? 15. Why is it important to have different types of organisms within a community? 19

20 16. Label the following biomes in the diagrams below. Use the word: rainforest, grassland, tundra, desert, coniferous desert, deciduous forest 20

21 17. Explain how the use of a chemical designed to kill grasshoppers could reduce the population of peregrine falcons in the diagram below. 21

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