Biology regimented study plan

Transcription

1 For each topic, write down notes, make it organized, always have a pencil and paper while studying. At the end of each section, test yourself (Answer past exam questions, practice Quizlet, watch Crash Course or Khan Academy). >You should spend at least 4-5 hours/day studying < Day 1: January 3rd Biochemistry (Chapter 2): - Structure of the atom - Difference between atom, element, molecule, compound. - Bonds; ionic, covalent and hydrogen - Properties of water: importance of water, the importance of hydrogen bond to water - Organic molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids -for each, know the structure, function and types/examples -Acids and bases: the effect of each on water, and ph scale. - examples of acids and bases Cell (Chapter 3): - Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes - Structure of the cell; organelles, structure and function of each. - Enzymes: how they work, factors that affect the efficiency of their work - Cell membrane: its structure and functions- receptors and channels - Active and Passive transport: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis and exocytosis Days 2 & 3: January 4-5th Cellular processes (Chapters 4, 5, 6 & 8) - Cellular respiration (this is in Chapter 4): - Where it happens in the mitochondria - Reactants and products of each step: - glycolysis - Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) - Krebs Cycle - Electron Transport Chain (ETC) - Cell cycle (Chapter 5) - factors regulating the cycle & Cancer - Asexual reproduction (binary fission, budding, fragmentation and vegetative reproduction)

2 - Mitosis and Meiosis (Ch5 & 6) - The steps and products of each - Make sure you understand the difference between mitosis & meiosis in terms of when they happen, why do they take place and which cells undergo them. - Gametogenesis: the difference between the two types; spermatogenesis & oogenesis - Transcription & Translation ( Chapter 8) - Central Dogma - The purpose of these two process & when in the life time of a cell do they happen - To make proteins from genes, not all of the DNA. - Where in the cell do they take place - All enzymes and steps involved - The reactants and products of each process. - You must know the stop codons & start codon Day 4: January 6th Genetics (Chapters 6 & 7) - Mendel s experiments - Law of segregation - Law of independent assortment - Non-Mendelian genetics (Incomplete dominance, codominance, polygenic traits, sex- linked disorders, pedigrees). - Mutations: gene mutations and chromosomal mutations - examples of disorders > the only way to get better at genetics problems, is by practicing them! Evolution (Ch 10, 11, 12): - Fossil Record - Theories of the beginning of life - Speciation - Mutations and genetic diversity - Natural selection principles - Evidence of evolution ( embryology, biogeography, anatomy, molecular biology) - Fitness and populations - Gene flow and processes that lead to it (founder effect, bottleneck) - Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium

3 Day 5: January 7th Continue Evolution (Ch 10, 11, 12): - Types of natural selection - directional - stabilizing - disruptive - sexual - Types of evolution - Convergent - Divergent - Coevolution - Extinction - Fossilization, radioactive dating and primate evolution. Use the weekend to continue studying, watch videos for further comprehension, use flashcards & don t forget to relax (not the whole weekend though) Days 6 & 7: January 8 & 9th Ecology ( Ch 13, 14, 15 &16) - Levels of Organization; ecological relationships - Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome - Biotic & abiotic factors - Types of ecological studies/research - Energy in Ecosystems - trophic levels - Food chains & food webs - energy pyramid - Biomas pyramid - Number pyramid - Types of consumers - Biogeochemical cycles - Properties of populations - Size - Density - Dispersion - Types of Population growth - Carrying capacity - Reproductive strategies - R-type; rapid (many offspring, no parenting, matures quickly, one time reproduction: insects)

4 - K-type (for Carrying Capacity); Few offspring, intensive parenting, slow maturation, reproduces many times; mammals - Limiting Factors - Density dependent - Density independent - Population interactions - Competition - Predation - Commensalism - Mutualism - Parasitism - Habitat & niche - Competitive exclusion - Ecologic equivalents - Ecological succession - Biological magnification - Biomes - Impacts of human on ecosystems - types of pollution & their effect Day 8: January 10th Classification (Ch 17, 18 & 19): - Linnaeus classification, Cladograms, Molecular Clocks & Domains + Kingdoms. - Viruses; types of cycles & viral diseases. - Bacteria: types& diseases - Bacteria vs. Archaea - Protists: characteristics of each of the types, and examples - Fungi: characteristics of each of the types, and examples - Animals:( from handout) - Characteristics of each of the types, and example - - Behavior of animals Day 9: January 11th Plants (Ch , 21 & ) Animals - Plants: characteristics of each of the types, and examples - Photosynthesis (Chapter 4) - Behavior of plants- tropism & hormones

5 Day 10: January 12th Organ systems: - Nervous system - Endocrine system - Circulatory system - Respiratory system Day 11: January 13th Organ systems (cont d) - Digestive system - Excretory system - Muscular system - Skeletal system - Integumentary system Day 12: January 14th Organ systems (cont d) - Reproductive system - Female cycles - Embryonic development Day 13: January 14th-15th Utilize the time to do flashcards & practice multiple choice questions Jan 16th- Jan 21st You will meet with Ms. Muna for final review at school.