19.1 Diversity of Protists. KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.

Transcription

1 19.1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.

2 19.1 Diversity of Protists Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi.

3 19.1 Diversity of Protists Animal-like protists consume other organisms. heterotrophs single-celled

4 19.1 Diversity of Protists Plantlike protists are photosynthetic. single-celled, colonial, or multicellular no roots, stems, or leaves

5 19.1 Diversity of Protists Funguslike protists decompose dead organisms. heterotrophs can move, whereas fungi cannot

6 19.1 Diversity of Protists Protists are difficult to classify. Protista is one kingdom in the domain Eukarya.

7 19.1 Diversity of Protists Protist classification will likely change. Some protists are not closely related. Molecular evidence supports reclassification.

8 19.2 Animal-like Protists KEY CONCEPT Animal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs that can move.

9 19.2 Animal-like Protists Animal-like protists move in various ways. Animal-like protists are often called protozoa. macronucleus food vacuole contractile vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia

10 19.2 Animal-like Protists Protozoa with flagella are zooflagellates. flagella help zooflagellates swim more than 2000 zooflagellates

11 19.2 Animal-like Protists Some protists move with pseudopods. change shape as they move amoebas

12 19.2 Animal-like Protists Some protists move with pseudopods. change shape as they move amoebas foraminifera

13 19.2 Animal-like Protists Some protozoa move with cilia. cilia help protists swim and capture food more than 8000 ciliates macronucleus food vacuole contractile vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia

14 19.2 Animal-like Protists Some animal-like protists cause disease. Protists cause some wellknown infectious diseases. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes. Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma and spread by flies. A giardia infection is caused by Giardia and spread through water. human liver Malaria Infection sporozoites liver cells developed parasites red blood cells

15 19.3 Plantlike Protists KEY CONCEPT Algae are plantlike protists.

16 19.3 Plantlike Protists Plantlike protists can be single-celled or multicellular. Photosynthetic plantlike protists are called algae. colony daughter colony

17 19.3 Plantlike Protists Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists. mostly photosynthetic some heterotrophic single-celled one or two flagella pellicle contractile vacuole nucleus flagellum chloroplast eye spot

18 19.3 Plantlike Protists Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plantlike protists. have two flagella may be bioluminescent have stiff protective plates can cause red tide Dinoflagellates

19 19.3 Plantlike Protists Diatoms are plantlike protists with glasslike shells. shells made of silica produce large amounts of oxygen

20 19.3 Plantlike Protists Multicellular algae are classified by their pigments. Green algae contain chlorophyll a and b. Brown algae contain chlorophyll c. Red algae contain chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin.

21 19.3 Plantlike Protists Many plantlike protists can reproduce both sexually and asexually. All algae can reproduce asexually. Multicellular algae can fragment. Chlamydomonas divides into zoospores.

22 19.3 Plantlike Protists Some algae produce sexually. Some species alternate generations. Sexual reproduction can be triggered by environmental stress.

23 19.4 Funguslike Protists KEY CONCEPT Funguslike protists decompose organic matter.

24 19.4 Funguslike Protists Slime molds and water molds are funguslike protists. Slime molds have both funguslike and animallike traits. decomposers, like fungi can move, like animals

25 19.4 Funguslike Protists Slime molds can be plasmodial or cellular. Plasmodial slime molds are giant cells with many nuclei. Cellular slime molds contain independent cells.

26 19.4 Funguslike Protists Water molds are freshwater, funguslike protists. one type of water mold caused Great Potato Famine of Ireland in the 1800 s made of branching strands of cells can be parasites of plants or fish

27 19.5 Diversity of Fungi KEY CONCEPT Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb their food.

28 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi are adapted to absorb their food from the environment. Plants and fungi have different traits. Fungal cell walls are made of chitin. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize. Fungi absorb food through hyphae.

29 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi are multicellular organisms, with the exception of yeasts. hyphae mycellium fruiting body

30 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi come in many shapes and sizes. Primitive fungi are aquatic and have flagellated spores. Sac fungi form a reproductive sac, or ascus. Yeasts are single-celled sac fungi. Morels and truffles are multicellular sac fungi.

31 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Bread molds are often found on spoiled food. form zygospores during reproduction mycorrhizae belong to this group

32 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Club fungi have fruiting bodies which are club-shaped. reproductive structures called basidia include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi

33 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually. Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. Yeasts reproduce asexually through budding. Yeasts form asci during sexual reproduction.

34 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles. distinctive reproductive structures

35 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles. life cycles may include either sexual or asexual reproduction or both

36 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles. life cycles may include either sexual or asexual reproduction or both

37 19.5 Diversity of Fungi All fungi form spores and zygotes.

38 19.6 Ecology of Fungi KEY CONCEPT Fungi recycle nutrients in the environment.

39 19.6 Ecology of Fungi Fungi may be decomposers, pathogens, or mutualists. Fungi and bacteria are the main decomposers in any ecosystem. decompose dead leaves, twigs, logs, and animals return nutrients to the soil can damage fruit trees and wooden structures

40 19.6 Ecology of Fungi Fungi can act as pathogens. human diseases include ringworm and athlete s foot plant diseases include Dutch elm disease

41 19.6 Ecology of Fungi Fungi can act as mutualists. lichens form between fungi and algae mycorrhizae form between fungi and plants

42 19.6 Ecology of Fungi Fungi can act as mutualists. relationships form between fungi and some insects

43 19.6 Ecology of Fungi Fungi are studied for many purposes. Fungi are useful in several ways. as food as antibiotics as model systems for molecular biology