CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO Meeting

Transcription

1 ESA Earth Observation Activities relevant to CEOP and IGOS CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO Meeting Einar-Arne Herland EO Science and Application Department ESA-ESTEC

2 European satellites 2004 Envisat Swarm MetOp MSG + EarthCARE ERS

3 The ESA EO missions: The Living Planet The The Living Planet programme The ESA Living Planet Programme was created in consultation with the key players: Europe s scientists, Industry, European Commission, EUMETSAT and many others. The programme has 3 basic elements: Earth Explorer To better understand the Earth Earth Watch To initiate long term monitoring systems and services => GMES Sentinels Technology / exploitation To develop more efficient approaches

4 The Earth Explorers CORE MISSIONS (EECM) Granada 01 Granada 96/99 GOCE ADM-Aeolus Call 00 ACECHEM EarthCARE SPECTRA WALES WATS P h a s e A Frascati 04 Nov. 04 EarthCARE Explorer-6 Downselect Select EarthCARE SPECTRA Frascati 04 OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS (EEOM) Call 98 CryoSat Call 01 SMOS ACE+ EGPM SWARM P h a s e A Explorer-5 SWARM EGPM Earth Watch

5 GOCE - Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer

6 Nasjonalt CEOP/IGOS-P/IGWCO, Jordobservasjonsseminar, Tokyo, Feb 28-Mar oktober4,

7 CryoSat measuring ice thickness The altimeter measures changes in the thickness of the polar icecaps and glaciers Height changes in Antarctica during

8 The satellite for Atmospheric Dynamic Mission Deployed, non rotatable solar array Aladin Lidar Star Tracker X Band Antenna 2 S Band Antennas Aladin Radiator Aladin Detector Radiator Thrusters 4

9 Science benefits from Aeolus GEWEX Observation requirements for 3-d tropospheric wind Consistent with those of NWP/GCM communities SPARC Need for assimilation products, esp. 3-d wind fields Stratosphere-troposphere coupling & exchange CLIVAR Tropospheric winds, esp. over oceans (monsoons) NWP pre-processing applies quality control and adds value recognized by WCRP Scientific Steering Groups Operational missions lead to long-term climate datasets

10 SMOS: The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission

11 SMOS measuring soil moisture and ocean salinity

12 Scope of EarthCARE Global observations of aerosol-cloud-radiation and aerosol-cloud-precipitation-convection processes. Vertical profiles to derive instantaneous radiative flux with an accuracy of 10 W m -2

13 EarthCARE Summary EarthCARE has been defined with the specific scientific objectives of quantifying aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions so they may be included correctly in climate and numerical weather forecasting models to provide: Vertical profiles of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on a global scale, their radiative properties and interaction with clouds. Vertical distribution of atmospheric liquid water and ice on a global scale, their transport by clouds and radiative impact. Cloud overlap in the vertical, cloud-precipitation interactions and the characteristics of vertical motion within clouds. The profiles of atmospheric radiative heating and cooling through a combination of retrieved aerosol and cloud properties.

14 Observation Techniques Needs Vertical profiles of extinction and characteristics of aerosols Techniques High spectral resolution Lidar EarthCARE instruments ATLID Vertical profiles of liquid, supercooled and ice water, cloud overlap, particle size and extinction Convective updraft and ice fall speed Radar Doppler Radar CPR Horizontal structure of clouds and aerosols Shortwave and longwave fluxes at Top of Atmosphere Multispectral Imager Broadband Radiometer MSI BBR Temperature and humidity from operational analysis

15 Measurement synergy Sensors Geophysical products Process studies CPR precipitation synergy clouds and precipitation ATLID synergy ice and water clouds synergy radiative flux profiles MSI synergy aerosols synergy aerosols and clouds BBR synergy TOA flux consistency check

16 What ENVISAT can see when it looks down Altitude 0 to 100 km: GOMOS, MIPAS and SCIAMACHY are building a threedimensional profile of ozone concentrations in the atmosphere. Altitude 0 to 20 km: MIPAS and SCIAMACHY are detecting low levels of gases from industry, power generation and agriculture. Altitude 0 to 10 km: MERIS obtains an image in which the clouds you see are but a part of a complex map of the concentration of water vapour. Altitude 0 to 4 km : ASAR and RA-2 create an accurate digital map of your surroundings, with height contours as accurate as 10 m. Ground level: ASAR, AATSR and MERIS map the vegetation and land use around you. Sea level: AATSR measures sea surface temperature to 0.3 C accuracy. MERIS precisely maps ocean colour, plankton and chlorophyll distributions. ASAR and RA-2 measure ocean currents, average waveheights and wind velocities. Underwater: RA-2 and DORIS combine to produce a detailed map of local gravitational strength, detecting the distribution of denser and less dense rock in the Earth crust beneath the oceans.

17 GMES EO Solutions Needs Public Policy Space Agencies Scientific Community Aerospace Industry Value Adding Industry European Service & IT Industry Governments, EU International Organisations Regulatory Bodies Industry General Public

18 USERS Service Component GMES GMES Services Added info Ground Segment Comm. Public Public Public Science EO Data Access Integration Layer Comm. Service Infrastructure and Support Public Data Integration & Information Management Public In-Situ Data Access PDS PDS Interoperability PDS In-situ Airborne Other FOS FOS Interoperability FOS non-space systems Space Segment National Cooperative Missions EUMETSAT ESA Space Component / EO Component In Situ Component

19 GSE Programme Sequence User Consultations consolidation full operationalisation New Services preparation GSE ITT contracts service reviews programme review service reviews service reviews service reviews inputs to GMES report

20 GMES Sentinels Continuation of C-band SAR observations Land superspectral mission Ocean monitoring mission Atmospheric composition from geostationary orbit Atmospheric composition from low earth orbit

21 Sentinels: European EO Heritage Poseidon-1 Jason-1 WSOA / OSTM Jason-2 CryoSat ALT OCEAN ERS- 1/2 RA-1 SAR, ATSR RA-2 ASAR GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIA Radarsat SAR GMES S-1 SPOT SCAT GOME MERIS AATSR Vegetation VIRI GMES S-3 LANDSAT, AIRBORNE LAND SUPER GMES S-2 ATMOS-GEO GMES S-4 ATMOS-LEO GMES S-5 METOP

22 Sentinel Requirements Definition - Steps URD MRD SRD 1. User Service Needs User Requirements Documents for GSE studies Must agree on the relevant needs of NWP, FP5/6, and others 2. Operational Product/Parameter Needs e.g. Chla to n% accuracy, SST accurate to 0.3K abs. & 0.1K/decade 3. Observational Requirements Measurement Requirements parameters/timeliness/frequency/etc.. bands, swath width, resolution sampling requirements/orbits etc.) Basic sensor requirements e.g. Alt, MERIS follow-on, AATSR follow-on 4. Ground Segment Requirements timeliness/data latency NRT (<3 h) data flow to the product service providers 5. System Requirements instrument specifications (e.g. PRF/accuracy/sensitivity) Mass/Power launch constraints; Downlink rates etc

23 Sentinel 1: C-band SAR Continuity of existing C-band SAR data sources Three monitoring priorities from the GSE activities: the European Marine Environment the Arctic Environment and sea-ice zones land-surface motion risks in Europe Detailed requirements developed from on-going GSE activities Dual polarisation and interferometric capability required Geometric resolution in the range m Canada s Radarsat is part of the system

24 Sentinel 2: Superspectral imaging Mainly for land applications replacing and augmenting Landsat type of data A large number of missions existing world wide that can provide similar data, among them national missions and ESA Third Party Missions Data exchange agreements considered Infrared sensor for fire detection considered for inclusion in the payload Some land requirements can be satisfied by Sentinel-3

25 NWP Forcing Data Surface Fluxes ECMWF UKMO FNMOC NCEP Op. Sat. Data >L2 Products ESA/ Eumetsat OSI-SAF SSALTO/DUACS (F) NOAA In Situ Data Moorings, Floats, Ships Sentinel 3: Actors and Data Flows Operational oceanography Operational Forecast Models MERSEA (Strand1) FP6 LIP > 40 Partner Institutions TOPAZ (N) MERCATOR (F) FOAM UKMO) Mediterranean Forecast System (MFS) (I) Operational Ice Services DMI (via OSI- SAF), FIMR, SMHI, etc (EU) CIS (Can) Gridding & Data Projection Product Distribution Services Or Live Access Server Policy Customers Govts. Environment Agencies, etc. Commercial Customers Shipping Fishing Offshore Marine Survey Drilling Forecasters, etc.. VACs Scientists Coriolis (F) CERSAT (F) ESA GMES Services General Public

26 TIGER Announcement of opportunity resulted in close to one hundred proposals Workshop in Pretoria in late 2004 laid out a ten year plan for TIGER Application made to the EU for funding together with UNESCO About 25 AO projects to start very soon Close relationship to the IGWCO through the capacity building

27 Aquifer project Support the management of transboundary aquifers in Africa Develop and demonstrate products and services Support, develop and demonstrate local production 28 months starting September 2004 Users: Ministries in Algeria, Libya, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Tunisia User coordinator: Observatoire du Sahel et du Sahara (OSS) 4 African service providers 1.4 billion people without access to safe drinking water

28 Aquifer products & sites DTMs SASS 1 Mkm 2 each Iullemeden land-use & land-use change water extension & dynamics soil moisture subsidence monitoring water abstraction Mali Niger Nigeria 1:500,000 maps covering entire aquifers 1:50, ,000 maps covering 200,000 km 2 Science products covering 25,000 km 2