Copernicus the European Space Programme for Earth Observation

Transcription

1 Copernicus the European Space Programme for Earth Observation An Introduction Rome 2017 by Giorgio Bagnasco Issue/Revision: 0.0 Reference: ESA UNCLASSIFIED Status: - For Official Use (Sentinel-4 Project Manager)

2 Logistics Introduction European Space Agency (ESA) Directorate of Earth Observation Copernicus Programme Space Segment Copernicus Programme Data Copernicus Masters Challenge Enjoy the presentation! Slide 2

3 A leading institution Slide 3

4 The European Space Agency To provide for and promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European states in space research and technology and their space applications. Slide 4

5 The European Space Agency European Space Research Organisation; 10 European nations pursuing scientific research in space The European Space Agency; 22 member states ] dedicated to the exploitation of space Pierre Auger Edoardo Amaldi Slide 5

6 The European Space Agency 22 Member States (7 EU states with Cooperation Agreements) Over 80 satellites designed, tested and operated in flight About 2300 staff in 8 sites/facilities in Europe Over 50 years of experience 5.8 billion Euro budget (2017) Slide 6

7 The European Space Agency The European Space Agency s portfolio covers earth observation space science exploration all the main space activities. human spaceflight launchers navigation operations technology telecom Slide 7

8 ESA Overview Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland UK Canada Italy: 18 % of the ESA staff Total international staff: 2289 Slide 8

9 Earth Observation Directorate ESTEC (European Space and Technology Centre) is the incubator of the European space effort, where most ESA projects are born and where they are guided through the various phases of development. This is home to the Earth Observation Projects Department Slide 9

10 Earth Observation Directorate ESRIN (*), in Frascati, Italy, is ESA s centre for Earth Observation where operations and exploitation of Earth Observation satellites are managed. (*): European Space Research Institute Slide 10

11 Earth Observation Directorate budget Navigation* 17.6%, 1,010.8 M Launchers* 18.9%, 1,088.4 M Space Science 8.9%, M B : Billion Euro M : Million Euro *includes programmes implemented for other institutional partners Budget B Basic Activities 4.1%, M Earth Observation 27 %; 1.5 B Earth Observation 26.9%, 1,543.3 M Human Spaceflight & Robotic Exploration 11.0%, M Telecom & Integrated Applications* 5.6%, M Slide 11

12 Earth Observation Directorate Meteo Programme MSG Metop family MTG-I & MTG-S Earth Explorer Programme Goce SMOS Aeolus Cryosat Earth Care Biomass Swarm Copernicus Programme Sentinel-1 Sentinel-2 Sentinel-3 Sentinel-4 Sentinel-5p Sentinel-5 Sentinel-6 Slide 12

13 Copernicus: what is it / what is its main objective The European Copernicus programme is by far the biggest and most ambitious Earth Observation programme to date in the world. Copernicus is an initiative of the European Commission (EC). It has been established to fulfil the needs of European policy makers. Its main aim is the provision to European public and private institutions of accurate and timely information focused on the environment and climate monitoring to mitigate its short- and long-term effects and to ensure civil security applications. Slide 13

14 Copernicus: Main building blocks Space Component Coordinators: Partners: Industries National Space Agencies Private companies Eumetsat Overall Programme Coordination Services Component EMCWF EMSA snd Mercator Ocean FRONTEX Service operators EUSC JRC EEA In-situ data are supporting the Space and Services Components Slide 14

15 Copernicus budget and manpower 2063 M Full Time Equivalent staff 249 Sentinel-1A/1B Sentinel-2A/2B 339 Sentinel-3A/3B 215 Sentinel-4A/4B Sentinel-5A/5B 509 Sentinel-5P Sentinel-6A/6B Slide 15

16 Copernicus space component: the magnificent 7 Sentinels 1 st generation Sentinel-1: land and ocean monitoring. (LEO) Sentinel-2: land monitoring. (LEO) Sentinel-3: ocean forecasting, environmental and climate monitoring. (LEO) Sentinel-4: Atmospheric monitoring (GEO) Sentinel-5: Atmospheric monitoring (LEO) Sentinel-5 P: Atmospheric monitoring (LEO) Sentinel-1 Sentinel-6: Oceanography climate monitoring (LEO) Sentinel-3 Slide 16

17 Sentinels Launches Progression Sentinel-1A: 3 Apr 2014 Sentinel-1B: 22 Apr 2016 Sentinel-4A: 2021 Sentinel-4B: 2031 Sentinel-2A: 23 Jun 2016 Sentinel-2B: 7 Mar 2017 Sentinel-3A: 16 Feb 2016 Sentinel-5A: 2021 Sentinel-5B: 2031 Sentinel-3A/3B: Q Sentinel-6A: 2020 Sentinel-5p: 13 Oct 2017 Slide 17

18 Sentinel 1 and 2 PAYLOAD: C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; Centre frequency: GHz Operational applications. Monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment Surveillance of marine environment Monitoring land surface motion risks Mapping of land surfaces: forest, water and soil, agriculture Mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis situations S/C Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Mass: 2300 kg Solar Array Power: 5900 W Science Data Storage Capacity: 1.4 Tbit PAYLOAD: Multi Spectral Imager Separate VNIR and SWIR detection chains 13 multispectral channels: between 400 nm and 2300 nm Spatial resolution: 10m, 20m, 60m Spectral resolution: 1nm 180 nm Geo-location: < 20m (3s) Operational applications. high resolution images from Land with unprecedented revisit between for agriculture forestry, human inhabitancy, and their interactions. S/C Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Mass: 1200 kg Power: 1700 W Science Data Storage Capacity: 2.4 Tbits Data rate: 490Mbits after on-board compression Slide 18

19 Sentinel 3 and 5 PAYLOAD: Ocean and Land Colour imager; 21 bands [ ] μm Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer: 9 bands [ ]μm Noise equivalent dt: 50mK (TIR) at 270K SAR Radar Altimeter; Total range error: 3cm MicroWave Radiometer: 23.8GHz 36.5GHz; Operational applications. Sea/land colour data, surface temperature Sea surface and land ice topography coastal zones, in-land water and sea ice topography. Vegetation products S/C Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Mass: 2500 kg Power: 2100 W. 2x280Mbps X-band science data downlink Science Data Storage Capacity: 384 Gbit PAYLOAD: high resolution imaging spectrometer Operational applications: atmospheric chemistry monitoring (O 3, NO 2, SO 2, HCHO, CO, CH 4 ) at high temporal and spatial resolution; ultraviolet ( nm); visible ( nm); nearinfrared ( nm); short-wave infrared ( & nm) spatial resolution about 7 km. Mass = 300 kg Power = 250 W Data Rate during acquisition = < 20 Mbps Slide 19

20 Sentinel 5p and 6 PAYLOAD: UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrometer Operational applications: atmospheric chemistry data at high temporal and spatial resolution with increased frequency of cloud-free observations for the study of tropospheric variability. SC Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Mass 900 kg. Power: 1500 W Science Data Storage Capacity:: 480 Gbit PAYLOAD: SAR Radar Altimeter Operational applications: high-precision ocean topography service S/C: Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Mass: 1440 kg Power: 900 W Science Data storage : 496 Gbits Slide 20

21 The Sentinels Slide 21

22 Sentinel-4 Mission Objective To measure each day from a geo orbit the atmospheric composition over Europe for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, on an hourly basis and with high spatial resolution Slide 22

23 Sentinel-4: Spectral Signatures Ozone vertical profile (O 3 ) Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) Albedo Total ozone (O 3 ) Aerosol Formaldehyde (HCHO) Bromine monoxide (BrO) Rayleigh scat. (cloud), aerosol abs. Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) Glyoxal (CHOCHO) O2-O2 (cloud) Water vapour and cloud (eff. scatt. height) O-A (cloud, aerosol) Methane (CH4) Aerosol profile Sentinel-4 UV VIS NIR Priority A SWIR Priority B Wavelength (nm) Slide 23

24 Sentinel-4: Working Principle Slide 24

25 Sentinel-4: Europe spatial coverage equinox Instantaneous Field of View SZA = 90 SZA = 92 Slide 25

26 Sentinel-4 high spatial resolution GOME: Sciamachy: OMI : Sentinel-4 : 40 X 40 Km 30 x 60 Km 13 X 24 km 8 x 8 km GOME-2 Image: Google maps Sciamachy OMI S4 Slide 26

27 Relative Spectral radiometric accuracy Irradiance and Radiance Measurement Derived Reflectance Note how small the NO 2 features are: about 0.5% signal strength of the total signal Contributors to these Spectral Features are: polarisation scrambler, coatings, gratings, sun diffuser, straylight, gain change, 3 nm Sentinel-4 Critical Design Review Kick-Off Meeting 10 November 2016 ESA Presentation < 0.05 %! Slide 27

28 Sentinel-4: the instrument cut view h=1411 mm; w= 740 mm; l=1060 mm; Slide 28

29 Copernicus space component: the possible Sentinels 2nd generation Anthropogenic CO 2 monitoring Polar ice/ snow topography Arctic see ice microwave imaging climate change marine & polar environment monitoring High Res. Land Temperature imaging Hyperspectral land imaging land monitoring (agriculture, food security) emergency management (geohazards) Slide 29

30 Conclusions Copernicus is by far the biggest and most ambitious Earth Observation programme to date in the world. The European Space Agency, who is in charge to deliver the wealth of Copernicus data by means of his 30 satellites, needs people with your skill, your knowledge and your passion to maintain its Earth Observation leadership in the world for the benefit of the European citizens and the progress of public and private European institutions Slide 30