Austria from space. «Why do we invest in Space» SPACE DAY Vienna 27 th March Dr. Volker Liebig Director of Earth Observation Programmes, ESA

Transcription

1 «Why do we invest in Space» Dr. Volker Liebig Director of Earth Observation Programmes, ESA SPACE DAY Vienna 27 th March / Austria from space 10/2006-2

2 The European Space Agency The idea of an independent European space agency dates back to the early 1960 s. ESA was formed in 1975, replacing the satellite and launcher organisations ESRO and ELDO. Today ESA has 17 Member States. 10/ ESA Member States ESA has 17 Member States : Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom Hungary, the Czech Republic and Romania are European Cooperating States Canada takes part in some projects under a cooperation agreement /2006-4

3 The purpose of ESA An inter-governmental organisation with a mission to provide and promote - for exclusively peaceful purposes - the exploitation of: Space science, research & technology Space applications. ESA achieves this through: Space activities and programmes Long term space policy A specific industrial policy Coordinating European with national space programmes. 10/ All Member States participate in activities and a common set of programmes related to Space Science (mandatory programmes). In addition, members chose the level of participation in so called optional programmes: Human space flight Microgravity research Earth observation Telecommunications Satellite navigation Launcher development 10/ /2004-4

4 ESA headquarters and establishments HEADQUARTERS - Paris, France ESA headquarters houses the Director General s office, general administration and the main programme directorates. Staff (including Brussels, Kourou liaison, Moscow, Toulouse, Washington offices). ESTEC - Noordwijk, the European Space Research and Technology Centre Staff EAC - Cologne, Germany European Astronaut Centre Staff - 16 ESOC -Darmstadt, Germany European Space Operations Centre Staff 251 (including Houston Office) ESRIN - Frascati, European Space Research Institute Staff Staff in post at 28/02/07, total: 1894 ESAC - Villafranca, European Space Astronomy Centre Staff / The birth of commercial operators ESA is responsible for research and development of space projects. On completion of qualification, these projects are handed over to outside bodies for the production/exploitation phase. Operational systems are transferred to new or specially established organisations: Launchers: Arianespace - launcher production phase and launch operations Telecommunications: Eutelsat & Inmarsat - international communications services via ECS/MARECS Meteorology: Eumetsat - Meteosat weather satellites, Metop Satellite Navigation: Galileo Supervisory Authority GSA (E.U. Agency) 10/2006-8

5 Space Science For over 30 years ESA's space science projects have shown the scientific benefits of multi-nation cooperation. Areas covered by ESA: Space environment of the Earth Solar-terrestrial interaction Interplanetary medium Moon, planets and other objects Stars and the universe Fundamental Physics 10/ Science missions of today (excerpt) First image of Titan s surface Ulysses ( ) - (with NASA) heliospheric studies Cassini-Huygens ( ) to Saturn & Titan Newton (XMM) ( ) Multi Mirror mission Cluster 2 ( ) Earth s magnetosphere Mars Express ( ) to Mars SMART-1 ( ) to the Moon Rosetta ( ) to comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko Venus Express ( ) to Venus 10/

6 Hubble Cluster 2 Ulysses Cassini / Huygens Soho Newton (XMM) 10/ Planet Mars (Mars Express) Titan (Cassini-Huygens) 10/

7 Spacecraft / Satellites Examples of Austrian competences Austrian Aerospace, SIEMENS, Magna Steyr: development of space-qualified hardware and software, technology transfer e.g. satellite on-board electronics & mechanics, thermal hardware, ground support equipment mission control S/W, sat communication, etc. GCS, Plansee, Joanneum Research, Austrian Research Centres Seibersdorf: aerospace technologies, space propulsion, space applications, communication & navigation Aerosol Collector and Pyrolyser (APC) experiment onboard Huygens 10/ Space Science & Exploration Examples of Austrian involvement The Cassini-Huygens mission as example of Austrian High-Tech: electronics for the ACP instrument, swivel mechanism, thermal insulation, electric and mechanic ground equipment Institut für Weltraumforschung, Austrian Academy of Sciences: experimental space research, extraterrestrial physics, satellite geodesy involvement i.a. with Cluster, BepiColombo, Venus Express, Huygens, Rosetta, GOCE, Mars Express, etc. 10/

8 International Space Station Elements of European contribution Development & operation of flight elements and associated ground infrastructure: - Columbus Laboratory - Automated Transport Vehicle (ATV) Development and delivery of hardware and software to partners: Node 2, Node 3, Data Management System for the Russian Service Module (Zvezda), European Robotic Arm, Cupola, and other elements Development of multi-user experiment facilities on ISS, in the framework of the Microgravity Facilities for Columbus programme Preparation for the operation & utilisation of ISS; Preparation for astronaut activities on ISS 10/ /

9 AURORA: human & robotic exploration A long-term plan for exploration activities: Preparation of enabling technologies and infrastructures as well as preparation / demonstration of core capabilities needed for next step in space exploration European participation in a human space transportation programme (CSTS Crew Space Transportation System) Participation to moon orbit and/or moon surface infrastructure or other exploration missions A new mission to Mars with a launch planned in / Earth Observation: from understanding planet Earth to operational services T h e c h a l l e n g e o f G l o b a l C h a n g e IPCC Report 2007 (1 st part): Global temperature increase between and 4.0 deg. until 2100 Arctic: ice-free as of 2nd half of the century Sea level rise: up to 48cm until 2100 Permafrost: up to 90% melting until 2100, freeing high amounts of Methane gas Precipitation: decrease in arid regions and increase in wet areas Storms and surges: less in number but significantly stronger in intensity Gulf Stream: significantly weakened 10/

10 Envisat Envisat celebrated 5 th year in space on 28 February, fulfilling its expected lifetime, and expected to operate until GB of data products generated per day, 78 types of data products available, more than 1200 projects currently served 10/ Major scientific results of ENVISAT and ERS Climate change: Global sea level rise of ~3mm/year and sea surface temperature increase of ~0.1 deg. C since 1992 (Envisat + ERS). Atmosphere: Worldwide monitoring of air pollution, with evidence of fast growing air pollution in China since 1995 (Envisat + ERS-2). Polar areas: Daily monitoring of sea ice motion and observation of Antarctica ice-shelves collapse. Oceanography: Quantification of global chlorophyll concentration, an index of the oceanic phytoplankton biomass. Tectonics: Identification of the blind tectonic fault at the origin of the Bam earthquake in December Ozone hole NO 2 / SCIAMACHY (Jan June 2004) 10/

11 GOCE SMOS ADM AEOLUS SWARM CRYOSAT 2 7 th EE th EE EARTH CARE 10/ Long-term operational Earth monitoring Cooperation with EUMETSAT: Meteosat and Metop Meteosat / MSG Since 1978, ESA has developed 9 Meteosat satellites Metop Europe s first polar orbiting satellite for op. meteorology Launch of Metop-A: MSG /

12 Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) European independence in critical data sources for environmental monitoring and security the European contribution to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) ESA is in charge of the implementation of the GMES Space Component (GSC) The GSC comprises: Development, launch and IOV of the Sentinels Ground Segment Access to EO data for ESA, Eumetsat, Member States missions and TPM for GMES services (Fast Track) Development of Sentinel Ground Segment 2007: decision for transition to Phase / Earth observation Examples of Austrian involvement GeoVille: market leader for Earth observation applications in spatial planning; Austrian lead organisation in GMES Land GeoSpace: Earth observation applications, public outreach gcs: development of the ENVISAT data dissemination system 10/

13 Telecommunications: a commercial success Telecommunications Satellites represent the largest worldwide commercial space market. Key areas of interest to ESA are: Fixed services Broadcasting Mobile communications Navigation Data relay Multimedia 10/ Galileo: satellite navigation "Made in Europe" A complete civil satellite navigation system developed by ESA and the EU on equal co-funding 30 satellites (27 operational and 3 spares) on three circular orbits, with associated ground segment First validation satellite GIOVE-A launched on 26 December 2005, the second GIOVE-B is programmed for 2007 Applications supported by Galileo: control of road, rail, air and sea traffic, synchronised data transmission between computers, and many others Significant economic benefits: a return on investment of 4.6 and creation of over jobs Two Galileo control centres will be established in Europe to handle satellite operations and manage the navigation system 10/

14 Europe s launchers fleet 10/ Ariane 5 Examples of Austrian involvement Magna Steyr: established supplier of feed-lines for Ariane 5 main stage and cryogenic upper stage 10/

15 Key Subjects on the Ministerial Council Agenda (Sept-Nov 2008): Space Science and Exploration GMES and MTG New Telecommunication initiatives Next Generation of launchers Other possible programmatic activities 10/