How do we understand weather?

Transcription

1 How do we understand weather? Fluid: a substance that continually deforms under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter which includes liquids, gases, plasmas, and plastic solids.

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3 Make your model of Weather Using the following terms, create a simple concept map to describe how you understand weather. Pressure Temperature Humidity Precipitation Wind Air masses Density Energy Create a model (drawing) to describe the transfer, flow, and/or cycling of matter and energy through/within Earth s atmosphere.

4 Why make weather models? Nat Geo: Birth of a Tornado v=7kdz6dgq5re Nat Geo: Getting Close to a Giant Tornado v=luyth0ejldg

5 Composition and Structure of Earth s Atmosphere A mixture of gases with some suspended solids (dust, salt, ice) and liquids (water droplets in clouds). Extends from surface to outer space hundreds of km s. Very thin Earth Science Reference Table

6 Layers of the Atmosphere Troposphere Contains 75% of atmospheric gases, within 10 miles from surface! Weather, clouds, and smog are found here

7 Temperature Trends Temp decrease with altitude in the Troposphere Temp rises in the Stratosphere Why? Bill Nye: Atmosphere v=ggnxytt_36i Weather 101: story/d/story/weather-101-layersof-the-atmosphere/14683/ c5avyxh4yemaosw_j_lgwg

8 Gases in the atmosphere, like all matter, have mass. Atmosphere is a sea of air the deeper you are in it, the heavier it feels (more force exerted) Pressure Trends

9 Put these in your diagram Sea level pressure is 1013 mb at STP Denver pressure is 550 mb (1600 m) Mt Everest pressure is 315 mb (8800 m)

10 Vocabulary & Trends Density The amount of stuff in a given amount of space; decreases as height increases due to gravity. Pressure Force applied due to weight of substance; decreases as height increases Gravity- Force that holds our atmosphere in place.

11 Weather Patterns and Forecasting Sun is the external energy engine for our planet. Three possibilities Reflect to space Atmosphere Land (Albedo) Absorbed by atmosphere Transmitted (then absorbed by land and water surfaces)

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13 Albedo of Earth Surfaces

14 Weather The present state of the atmosphere; describes current conditions. Words used to describe weather Air Pressure Wind Air Temperature Amount of Moisture

15 Weather Prediction NASA Predicting the Weather v=dqpfu5srpgy Science Channel Predicting the Weather from Superstition to Science v=pajdoxoe2so

16 Air Masses A large body of air that has the same properties as the surface over which it develops. When you witness a change in the weather from one day to the next, it is due to the movement of air masses.

17 Fronts Boundary between two air masses Cold Front Warm Front Occluded Front Stationary Front Nova Clouds & Weather

18 Humidity Refers to the water vapor content in the atmosphere Relative Humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in air to the maximum amount it can hold at that temperature. (expressed as percentage) *Varies with temperature change

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20 Dew Point Temperature at which air is saturated and condensation occurs. Point where saturated vapor pressure equals actual vapor pressure Point where relative humidity equals 100%

21 Clouds Classified mainly on shape and height Form when warm air is forced upward, expands, and cools. At the dew point, condensation occurs Aided by nuclei (dust, salt, smoke ) The Making of a Cloud- Nova PBS:

22 Classification of Clouds

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25 Basic Ingredients in Storms Daily UK: Science of Superstorms: powerpoint & video The-science-SUPERSTORMS-Diagrams-reveal-perilousprocesses-taking-place-tornadoes-thunderstormsmore.html Planet Storm: Studying a Super Cell Storm

26 Weather Maps Cloud Cover and Precipitation

27 Weather Maps Isobar and Isotherm Isobars connect the points of equal atmospheric pressure. Isotherm connect the point of equal temperatures.

28 Weather Map Symbols

29 Weather Map