Class Notes: Weather

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Period: Weather The Physical Setting: Earth Science I. Cyclonic Weather Hurricane - Hurricane Statistics Largest of all the storms Approximately per year Nearly deaths per year Saffir-Simpson Scale - Strength Wind Speed Storm Surge Category Category - - Category Category Category 5 > 55 > Hurricane Dangers Severe winds from mph Wind direction is and Leigh-Manuell -"

2 Hurricane Dangers (continued) Storm Surge- Hurricane Formation. The Sun heats up ocean water (especially near the equator). By the end of the summer, ocean temperatures reach into the s 3. A thunderstorm moves westward off of Africa and into the Atlantic Ocean. When upper wind velocities are low, thunderstorms are given a chance to gain strength 5. The fast rising air (supplied by the warm ocean) allows the thunderstorm to gain strength. As it grows, Earth s rotation causes it to spin counterclockwise (coriolis effect). As they build thunderstorms change to, then a, and finally a Tornado - Tornado Statistics Most violent storms Approximately per year Nearly deaths per year Tornado Dangers Severe winds from mph and above Tornado Formation. Develop from an intense thunderstorm. Heating is very intense and warm air rises in strong convection currents 3. The rising air causes a low pressure center. As air rushes into the center it starts to spin upward Leigh-Manuell -"

3 II. Weather Instruments Thermometer - Different scales include: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin Barometer - Different scales include: Inches of Mercury or Millibars Anemometer- Different scales include: Knots or Miles per hour Weather Vane - Measure direction using compass directions Sling Psychrometer - Relative Humidity - To calculate relative humidity you need a dry bulb temperature, difference in wet bulb and dry bulb temperature, and the E.S.R.T. Dewpoint - To calculate relative humidity you need a dry bulb temperature, difference in wet bulb and dry bulb temperature, and the E.S.R.T. Leigh-Manuell -"3

4 Leigh-Manuell -" Difference Between Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures (C ) Dry-Bulb Tempera - ture ( C) Relative Humidity Chart Difference Between Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures (C ) Dry-Bulb Tempera - ture ( C) Dewpoint Chart

5 Station Model - Station Model Station Model Explanation +/.5 Present Weather Drizzle Rain Smog Hail Thunderstorms Rain showers Snow Sleet Freezing rain Fog Haze Snow showers Leigh-Manuell -"5

6 III. Weather Variables Troposphere - Weather occurs in this layer only Stratosphere - Mesosphere - Thermosphere - Weather - Changes are due mainly to unequal heating of land masses, oceans, and the atmosphere Leigh-Manuell -"

7 Temperature - Influences affecting temperature are solar radiation, angle of insolation, hours of daylight, and reflection off the atmosphere Air Pressure - Air is a mixture of gases with molecules that are fast moving and far apart Air pressure as you decrease your elevation Air pressure as you increase your elevation Air Currents - Wind - Wind blows from areas of pressure to areas of pressure Sea Breeze - Wind blows from areas of pressure to areas of pressure Land Breeze - Wind blows from areas of pressure to areas of pressure Sea Breeze Land Breeze Leigh-Manuell -"

8 Cloud Formation Air is warmed from Sun heated surfaces becoming less dense and As it rises it expands and decreases in and Water vapor in the air then as the air is cooled to the dewpoint Condensation - Remember: R.E.C.C. IV. Air Masses and Front Rises - Expands - Cools - Condenses Air Mass - Source Region - ca = cp = mt = mp = ct = Air masses are named after their source region and are designated by letters Leigh-Manuell -"

9 When two unlike air masses collide a weather front is created The boundary between the two different air masses is represented on a map with a symbol Fronts Cold Warm Stationary Occluded The side that the shapes are on shows the direction the front is moving towards Cold Front - Weather: thunderstorms, heavy rain, and sharp decrease in temperature Warm Front - Weather: low clouds and widespread rainfall Leigh-Manuell -"

10 Stationary Front - Weather: long widespread rain Occluded Front - Weather: long widespread rain and thunderstorm Leigh-Manuell -"