CNES activities post SPIRIT. Steven Hosford Strategy and Programs Directorate CNES

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1 CNES activities post SPIRIT Steven Hosford Strategy and Programs Directorate CNES

2 Summary Reminder SPIRIT project Context Data acquired Activities since 2009 Data access Further acquistions New activities /missions PSTG, Geneva, October 2011

3 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011 SPIRIT (SPOT 5 stereoscopic survey of Polar Ice: Reference Images and Topographies) Goal : obtain an archive of stereo imagery in order to have DEM capabilities : at a given time, for use as an absolute reference for climate change applications (margins, glaciers, ) choice of a DEM resolution of typ. 15 to 30m with an absolute height accuracy of ~1 to 10m (without any tie point) validation activities from 2004 to 2006 CNES funded the full archiving process (acquisition of data, quick looks, catalog), in cooperation with SPOT IMAGE and IGN CNES funded DEM production on selected, priority areas; after processing, DEMs were accessible free of charge to the worldwide scientific community

4 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011 SPIRIT final Northern Hemisphere Coverage

5 SPIRIT Southern Hemisphere Coverage SPIRIT Workshop, Toulouse, April 2010 ET 5

6 Background Peninsula ice shelf disintegrations, 1995-Present Collapse of the 3250 km² Larsen B ice shelf in ~1 month in Feb/March 2002 March January When the shelves were removed, tributary glaciers accelerated significantly (by factors of 2 to 6). But a controversy remains regarding their total ice loss. Scambos et al., 2003 Ant. Res. Series

7 After the collapse glacier speed-up and drawdown Larsen B ice shelf used to be here!

8 The effect of ice shelf disintegration on glacier mass balance and sea level rise Net elevation loss. Comparing ASTER 2001 and SPOT (SPIRIT) DEMs Larsen A disintegration, January, 1995 All the deep fjord glaciers have accelerated and lost elevation; 50 to 150 meters (160 to 500 feet) thinning is typical; Larsen B disintegration, March, 2002 Grounded ice volume lost: 11.2 km 3 /yr (error: ± 23%) ~0.03 mm/yr of Sea Level Rise (about 10% of the total Antarctic Ice loss) Ongoing work: Combining Icebridge data and SPIRIT 2011 DEM to update the ice loss SCAR Inlet Ice Shelf, still present (2011) (remnant of Larsen B) Shuman Berthier Scambos, JOG, 2011 Other studies using SPIRIT data in Antarctica Stearns et al., Nat Geo, 2008 & Stearns, 2011 Bindschadler et al, 2011 Scambos et al., 2011 King et al., in prep Davies, Carrivick, Glasser et al., in prep

9 Revisiting mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet & Artic glaciers and ice caps using SPIRIT DEM and images Alaska Berthier et al., Nat Geo, 2010 Rasmussen et al., JOG, 2011 Truessel et al., in prep Arctic Canada Gardner et al., in prep Toutin et al., in revision Svalbard Sund & Eiken, JOG, 2010 Moholdt et al., RSE, 2010 Memin et al., GJI, 2011 Griselin et al., CJRS, in prep Greenland Howat et al., GRL, 2011 McFadden et al., JGR, 2011 Motyka et al., JOG, 2010 Murray et al., JGR, 2010 Iceland Gudmundsson et al., PR, 2011 Adalgeirsdottir et al., TC, revised

10 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011 Arctic campaign closed Areas selected : km² Achieved coverage : 71.9% km² Antarctic campaign closed Areas selected : km² Achieved coverage : 73.9% km²

11 The SPIRIT IPY project Spot 5 stereoscopic survey of Polar Ice: Reference Images & Topographies Achievements A 6 Mill. km² archive of images SPIRIT DEM on ~100 glaciated areas totalizing 3 Mill. km². Data distributed to 44 labs / 20 countries Vilcsek Ice Cap, Franz Joseph Land

12 SPIRIT activities since 2009 Data access Access to the SPIRIT products ceased in june 2010 (contract SPOT) Development of a web based interface to access data products Preliminary version with footprints only at Access to all DEMs produced will be authorised by end 2011 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011

13 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011 ET 13

14 SPIRIT activities since 2009 Requesting new products New SPIRIT products can be requested through CNES ISIS programme ( isis.fr) ISIS provides reduced cost access to all SPOT products Labs pay ~ 5 10% of cost (rest paid for by CNES) European partner required Large capacity currently underexploited (communication?) < 30 new products generated since 2009 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011

15 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011 SPIRIT activities since 2009 Northern Hemisphere New Products generated

16 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011 SPIRIT activities since 2009 Southern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere Products generated

17 MERLIN Franco german initiative for climate studies (COP 15 à Copenhagen en dec 2009) Target launch date 2016 Agreement on phase 0/ A with DLR over the period /12. Objectif: Measure atmospheric concentration of methane to reach surface flux Financing acquired on Fr side through «Investment for the future» programme (Myriade Evolution Plateform). End of phase A scheduled for april 2012 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011

18 PSTG, Geneva, October 2011 First DIAL Lidar in space MERLIN: measurement principal Differential absorption between laser 2 pulses at two distinct methane absorption windows (on 1,64 micron, off ) can be linked to column density Precision of better than 2% (16 à 34 ppb) for the methane column density is targeted.

19 CNES/ill./REGY Michel, 2011 MERLIN MEthane Remote sensing LIdar mission MERLIN: MEthane Remote sensing LIdar mission MERLIN is a dedicated mission of the global methane (CH 4 ) monitoring. It is a joint French German cooperation on the development, launch and operation of a climate monitoring satellite. The MERLIN mission aims to improve the understanding of the global methane cycle and the exploration of the nature of the processes, which govern the exchange of methane between atmosphere and biosphere. Observation Method: Differential absorption of gaseous methane at two laser wavelengths reflected from Earth surface or dense clouds. Mission Duration: Launch in the timeframe of 2016 Lifetime 3 years (+ 2 years) Mission Orbit: Orbit type Sun synchronous (LTAN = 06:00) Semi major axis 6884 km Altitude 500 km Inclination 97.4 Eccentricity 10 3 Repeat cycle 28 days Attitude control 3 axis stabilised Eclipse phase 20 min / orbit during northern winter Satellite: MYRIADE Evolutions line Dimensions 800 x 800 x 1200 mm 3 Mass Power 250 kg 280 W Platform: Provided by CNES Mass 135 kg Power: 75 W Deployable solar array Battery AOCS: Star tracker Reaction wheels Payload: Type: the payload consists in an Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) LIDAR (Light Detecting And Ranging) for Methane column density measurements. Provided by DLR Contractor Astrium and Kaiser Threde Mass 95 kg Power 166 W (northern summer) Communication link: X Band downlink 150 Mbps S Band downlink 625 kbps Satellite Control Centre: Spacecraft control, monitoring, orbit control are performed by the CNES facilities located in Toulouse (France) Payload Ground Segment: User services and payload data processing are performed by the TBD facilities located in TBD Launch base and vehicle: TBD taking into account the potential co passenger opportunity and the launcher re boost capacity

20 Thank you for your attention