Operational Aspects of Space Weather-Related Missions
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1 Operational Aspects of Space Weather-Related Missions Richard G. Marsden, ESA/SCI-SH Outline SOHO: Example of Near-Earth Observatory-class Mission Ulysses: Example of Deep Space Monitor-class Mission Solar Orbiter: Example of Future Space Weather-related Mission Summary
2 SOHO The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is a cooperative mission between ESA and NASA to study the Sun, from its deep core to the outer corona, and solar wind. Key Mission Characteristics: Launch: Dec 1995 Lifetime: approved until 2007 Orbit: halo orbit around Sun-Earth L1 Lagrangian point Sun-pointing, 3-axis stabilized platform Payload: 12 sets of instruments (remote-sensing and in-situ) Tracking: DSN (3 x 1.6 hrs and 1 x 8 hr pass per day) Telemetry: 40 kbps (160 kbps for MDI high data rate mode during 8-hr pass)
3 SOHO Operations Concept Near-Real-Time Operations: Observatory-class Mission Typical Time Delays: Telemetry receipt by Ground Station => Experimenter (EOF) < 5 sec Experiment Command from EOF => SOHO < 1 min EOF and EAF connected by 100 Mbps link PI Teams and Flight Ops Team Co-located Rapid Exchange of Complementary Data Ground-based and other Space Observatories (e.g. TRACE) SOHO Ground System SOHO NASA DEEP SPACE NETWORK (DSN) GSFC PACKET PROCESSOR SOHO MISSION OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER (SMOCC) GROUND-BASED SOLAR OBSERVATORIES DATA DISTRIBUTION FACILITY SOHO DATA ARCHIVE EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS FACILITY (EOF) EXPERIMENT ANALYSIS FACILITY (EAF) SOHO INVESTIGATORS HOME INSTITUTES EUROPEAN SOHO DATA ARCHIVES
4 Ulysses Ulysses is a cooperative mission between ESA and NASA to study the Sun and heliosphere in 3 dimensions. Key Mission Characteristics: Launch: Oct 1990 Lifetime: approved until Sep 2004 Orbit: heliocentric orbit inclined at 80º to the ecliptic plane Earth-pointing, spin-stabilized platform (5 rpm) Payload: 9 sets of instruments (in-situ particles and fields; gamma-ray bursts) Tracking: DSN (1 x 10 hr pass per day) Telemetry: 0.5 kbps (1 kbps real-time mode) Ulysses
5 Ulysses Ulysses Operations Concept Non-Real-Time Operations: Monitoring-class Mission No Ulysses EOF / EAF (Formal interface between PI Teams and Flight Ops Team is via and/or dedicated fax number) Spacecraft Operations Team (ESA personnel) located at JPL Typical Time Delays: One-Way Light Time (OWLT) up to 52 min Telemetry receipt by Ground Station => Experimenter Quick-look data < 30 min Final Experiment Data Record < 18 days Experiment Commanding via SOT (3-week lead time)
6 Ulysses Ground System ULYSSES JPL ULYSSES MISSION OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER ULYSSES INVESTIGATORS HOME INSTITUTES ESA ULYSSES DATA ARCHIVES NASA DEEP SPACE NETWORK (DSN) DATA RECORDS SYSTEM NASA NSSDC DATA ARCHIVE Solar Orbiter A High-resolution Mission to the Sun and Inner Heliosphere
7 Solar Orbiter Solar Orbiter is a future ESA mission to study the near-sun environment, using a combination of in-situ and remote-sensing observations. Solar Orbiter will also image the polar regions for the first time. Key Mission Characteristics: Launch: 2011/2012 Orbit: heliocentric with heliosynchronous phase (perihelion 0.21 AU) and high-inclination phase (up to 38º latitude) Sun-pointing, 3-axis stabilized platform Solar Electric Propulsion Payload: remote-sensing and in-situ instrument packages Operations: highly autonomous (esp. during perihelion passes) Novel Orbital Design Projected trajectory Satellite Y [AU] Earth thrust Venus closer to the Sun -1.5 X [AU] - out of the ecliptic
8 Fixed Sun-Earth View Solar Orbiter trajectory in fixed Sun-Earth coords Y (AU) Earth Cruise Nominal sciops1 sciops X (AU) Nominal Mission Mode Change Philosophy Time Share Observation Mode, No data from: EUV/X-Ray Imager, EUV Spectrometer/Imager, Magnetograph Coronagraph Nominal Observation Mode Maximum Northern Latitude: +/- 5 days Time Share Observation Mode Time Share Observation Mode Nominal Observation Mode Perihelion: +/- 5 days High Rate Downlink Communication Time Share Observation Mode Nominal Observation Mode Maximum Southern Latitude +/- 5 days
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