SREM: 8 years experience of radiation monitoring with a standard instrument
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1 SREM: 8 years experience of radiation monitoring with a standard instrument H.D.R. Evans 1, E.J. Daly 1, P. Nieminen 1, W. Hajdas 2, A. Mohammadzadeh 1, D. Rodgers 1 1 ESA/ESTEC, The Netherlands, 2 PSI, Switzerland 13 October SEENoTC 1
2 SREM A simple low-cost multi-purpose particle detector developed for wide application on ESA satellites. Designed by Paul Scherrer Inst., manufactured by Contraves Space (Switzerland) 10 Units built Objectives Provide support to payloads and systems (alert and safeing ) Provide data supporting payload data analysis on astrophysics (e.g. background) Provide data for investigation of anomalies and events Provide data for future missions (incl. model validation) But Minimise impact on host spacecraft (mass, power, commanding, data rate ) Data: Measures time resolved protons and electrons and high ΔE E events with limited angular resolution and limited spectral information. Drives a network of dosimeters distributed on platform The INTEGRAL/IREM is a tailored version of the SREM: the main difference is additional interfacing electronics and additional shielding. Two detector heads, one in coincidence mode. Registers: electrons > 0.8 MeV and protons > 12 MeV with 16 scalar channels. ±20 angular resolution 13 October SEENoTC 2
3 Past/Current Missions STRV-1c (Nov GTO) INTEGRAL (Oct x , 51.6 o ) PROBA-1 (Oct 2001) (SSO 681 x 561 km) GIOVE-B MEO ROSETTA (Mar. 2004, Interplanetary) 13 October SEENoTC 3
4 STRV-1c 13 October SEENoTC 4
5 Future Missions Herschel 2009 L2 Planck 2009 L2 13 October SEENoTC 5
6 IREM Channels Grey = low response to electrons 13 October SEENoTC 6
7 SREM Electron channel Response Functions SREM Electron Channel RF(E) 1E-01 1E-02 Response Function [#/cm2] 1E-03 1E-04 1E-05 1E-06 INTEGRAL/TC3 GF INTEGRAL/S32 GF INTEGRAL/S33 GF INTEGRAL/S12 GF INTEGRAL/S13 GF INTEGRAL/S14 GF TC3 GF S32 GF S33 GF S12 GF S13 GF 11 S14 GF Energy (MeV) 13 October SEENoTC 7
8 SREM Proton channel Response Functions 1E+00 SREM Proton GF Geometric Factor 1E-01 1E-02 1E-03 1E-04 PROBA/S34 GF PROBA/S13 GF PROBA/C1 GF PROBA/C2 GF PROBA/C3 GF PROBA/C4 GF INTEGRAL/S34 INTEGRAL/S13 INTEGRAL/C1 GF INTEGRAL/C2 GF INTEGRAL/C3 GF INTEGRAL/C4 GF 1E Energy (MeV) 13 October SEENoTC 8
9 REM The Predecessor STS 79a STS 79c STRV1b 13 October SEENoTC 9
10 Colour-coded Dose Rate from REM Geostationary Altitude on STRV in GTO Hig h Dose Low Outer Belt Radial Distance Slot Earth s Surface Inner Belt 13 October SEENoTC 10
11 Solar Protons 13 October SEENoTC 11
12 October 2003 Event GOES SREM on Integral IREM GOES-10 Very good comparison with NOAA GOES-10 Esp during prompt phase 13 October SEENoTC 12
13 Geomagnetic Shielding Integral Proba S33: E >12 MeV S14: 24 < E < 540 MeV C2: 52< E < 278 MeV 13 October SEENoTC 13
14 Interplanetary SEP Events (Rosetta vs. INTEGRAL) Rosetta INTEGRAL Launch (Mar. 2004) First Earth fly-by (November 2005) Mars fly-by (February 2007) Second Earth fly-by (November 2007) Third Earth fly-by (November 2009) Deep-space hibernation (May January 2014) Comet 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko approach (Jan.-May 2014) Nov Comet mapping / Characterisation (August 2014) Landing on the comet (November 2014) 13 October SEENoTC Escorting the comet around the Sun (November December 2015) 14
15 Interplanetary SEP Events (s/c close together) Rosetta INTEGRAL Jan October SEENoTC 15
16 Interplanetary SEP Events (Rosetta near Mars) Rosetta INTEGRAL Sept October SEENoTC 16
17 In the Magnetosphere 13 October SEENoTC 17
18 Protons > 12 MeV PROBA Protons > 12 MeV & Electrons > 0.8 MeV 13 October SEENoTC 18
19 Proba SREM TC3 Channel 13 October SEENoTC 19
20 Proba TC3 since October SEENoTC 20
21 INTEGRAL: e - Flux as function of L* (TC3) 13 October SEENoTC 21
22 INTEGRAL: e - Flux as function of L* (TC1) 13 October SEENoTC 22
23 INTEGRAL: e - fluence over time (TC1 & TC3) AE-8 MAX Data 13 October SEENoTC 23
24 INTEGRAL/IREM Spectrum AE-8 MAX & AP-8 MAX IREM Data e - Preferred IREM channels AE-8 Mission Specification 13 October SEENoTC 24
25 Giove-B B Compared with INTEGRAL 13 October SEENoTC 25
26 Giove-B B RadFET data 13 October SEENoTC 26
27 Conclusions Of the 10 SREM built, 5 have been launched and a further 2 will be launched into orbit next year. The standardisation of the instruments makes it very easy to compare the data from different spacecraft. Data from the SREMs have been used to: The INTEGRAL/IREM has been used as part of an on-board safeing system. Validate radiation specifications (Trapped electron and solar proton spectra) and their underlying radiation models. INTEGRAL and Galileo environment specs balance of the Rosetta solar cell budget Anomaly analysis state of the radiation environment at the time of the anomaly. Provide in-situ measurements of solar proton events at different parts of the heliosphere. Better measurements are required at e - energies above 2 MeV: it is electrons with energy above ~1 MeV that dominate the dose in a target shielded by nominal spacecraft shielding (>4 mm). 13 October SEENoTC 27
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