THE PLANCK MISSION The most accurate measurement of the oldest electromagnetic radiation in the Universe

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1 THE PLANCK MISSION The most accurate measurement of the oldest electromagnetic radiation in the Universe Rodrigo Leonardi Planck Science Office ESTEC/ESA

2 OVERVIEW Planck observational objective & science. The Planck satelitte & instruments. The Planck Launch & First Light Survey. The Planck Legacy Archive. The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 2

3 SCIENTIFIC CONTEXT Today The Cosmic Microwave Background is generated here Inflation The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 3

4 PLANCK MAIN OBSERVATIONAL OBJECTIVE To measure all of the information encoded in the temperature anisotropies of the CMB, over the whole sky, with an accuracy set by fundamental astrophysics limits (foreground fluctuations & cosmic variance) rather than intrinsic or systematic detector noises. The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 4

5 PLANCK MAIN OBSERVATIONAL OBJECTIVE To measure all of the information encoded in the temperature anisotropies of the CMB, over the whole sky, with an accuracy set by fundamental astrophysics limits (foreground fluctuations & cosmic variance) rather than intrinsic or systematic detector noises. The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 5

6 PLANCK SCIENCE CMB-based cosmology Non-gaussianity of the CMB Radio and sub-mm sources; extreme radio sources; quasars and BL Lac objects; dusty galaxies, CFIB. Galactic science Catalogue of SZ sources; reconstruction of ionisation history; estimation of ISW effect. Extragalactic sources Testing predictions of inflationary models; constraints on primordial magnectic fields; probing the geometry and topology of the Universe; testing for cosmic strings and other classes of defects. Secondary anisotropies CMB isotropy & statistics; CMB angular power spectra; cosmological parameters; search for B-modes; gravitational lensing signatures in the CMB. Free-free, synchrotron, dust, HII regions, constraints on spinning dust. Solar system science Zodiacal light; asteroids, planets, and comets. The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 6

7 PRIMORDIAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 7

8 THE PLANCK TWO INSTRUMENTS: LFI & HFI The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 8

9 PLANCK FREQUENCY COVERAGE The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 9

10 PLANCK SATELLITE & CHARACTERISTICS Photo by A. Arts The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 10

11 PLANCK CRYO-CHAIN The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 11

12 PLANCK PERFORMANCE As predicted from ground characterization (Mennella et al. 2009, Lamarre et al. 2009). Sensitivities are µk/k for 15 months integration time per FWHM resolution element. The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 12

13 PLANCK LAUNCH ON 14 MAY :12 UT The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 13

14 PLANCK SCANNING STRATEGY & CALIBRATION The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 14

15 PLANCK GROUND SEGMENT The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 15

16 PLANCK TIMELINE, STATUS & MILESTONES 1993 Two proposals presented to ESA ESA selection. Mid-2001 Start of spacecraft. May 14th 2009 Launch on an Ariane 5 rocket from ESA's spaceport in French Guiana. July 3rd 2009 Planck arrives at L2 and 100 mk is reached. August 13th 2009 Start of First All Sky Survey after end of commissioning phase. August 27th 2009 Public release of the Planck Pointing List. January 15th 2010 A mission extension is approved until end of February 14th 2010 Start of Second All Sky Survey. March 1st 2010 First release of Planck products for exploitation within the collaboration. Mid-June 100% sky coverage is achieved. December 2010 ERCSC delivery (Herschel followup). December 2011 Completion of at least four full sky surveys. Late 2012 Planck Legacy Archive delivery (Nominal mission TODs, maps, catalog). The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 16

17 PLANCK FIRST LIGHT SURVEY 143 GHz smoothed to 30 arcmin (Released by ESA on 17Sep09) The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 17

18 PLANCK FIRST LIGHT SURVEY 10ºx10º patch of high latitude sky (Released by ESA on 17Sep09) The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 18

19 PLANCK FIRST LIGHT SURVEY T, Q, U at all channels, except 545 and 857 GHz 20ºx20º patch of the galactic plane (Released by ESA on 17Sep09) The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 19

20 PLANCK LEGACY ARCHIVE Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (~10σ) Cleaned & calibrated time-ordered data for each detector. All-sky T, Q, U maps of CMB anisotropies. All-sky T, Q, U component maps (free-free, synchrotron, dust, diffuse (unresolved) Sunyaev-Zeldovich, and extragalactic background). All-sky catalogue of compact and point sources (in particular, extra-galactic sources detected via Sunyaev-Zeldovich signature). Miscellaneous (calibration data, uncertainty and statistical descriptors, likelihood functions, ancillary data, descriptive documentation, scientific papers, etc). The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 20

21 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Planck is a project of the European Space Agency ESA with instruments provided by two scientific Consortia funded by ESA member states (in particular the lead countries: France and Italy) with contributions from NASA (USA), and telescope reflectors provided in a collaboration between ESA and a scientific Consortium led and funded by Denmark. Prime industrial contractor: Thales Alenia Space (France). More than 50 scientific institutes and industry from all over Europe, and some from the USA, have collaborated with ESA over the last 17 years to develop this satellite and its payload. The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 21

22 SUMMARY Planck is an ESA mission designed to answer key questions about the Universe. Planck has been in routine operational mode since August 2009, and it has already started its Second All Sky Survey. Its performance is as expected. The first all-sky products will be delivered in late The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 22

23 For more information: The Planck Mission R. Leonardi PSO/ESA INPE March 2010 Pag. 23