Space radiation results obtained with R3D-B2 instrument on Foton M2 satellite in June 2005

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Space radiation results obtained with R3D-B2 instrument on Foton M2 satellite in June 2005 Tsvetan DACHEV 1, Borislav TOMOV 1, Plamen DIMITROV 1, Yury MATVIICHUK 1 1 Solar-Terrestrial Influences

1 Space radiation results obtained with R3D-B2 instrument on Foton M2 satellite in June 2005 Tsvetan DACHEV 1, Borislav TOMOV 1, Plamen DIMITROV 1, Yury MATVIICHUK 1 1 Solar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory, Sofia, Bulgaria, tdachev@bas.bg, Donat-Peter HÄDERH 2 2 Friedrich-Alexander Universität, t, Erlangen, Germany dphaeder@biologie.uni-erlangen.de erlangen.de, erlangen.de/botanik1/index.html

2 Outlook Introduction Description of the spectrometer Outlook of the results Comparison with Liulin-E094 data on ISS Future space experiments Conclusions 2

3 Introduction On 31 May 2005, the Foton M2 capsule, housing a payload complement of 39 experiments in physical sciences, biology, fluid physics, exobiology, materials science and technology, was be launched aboard a Soyuz-U U rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, spending 15.6 days in Earth orbit at altitude km. Together with colleagues from Germany in STIL-BAS was developed the R3D-B2 instrument, which was situated inside of the ESA Biopan 5 platform together with other experiments devoted to radiation biology and exobiology. R3D-B2 instrument measured the UV radiation dose and the variation of the space radiation dose and flux at Foton M2 capsule. This is the first scientific presentation of the obtained results. 3

4 Soyuz-U U launcher and Foton M spacecraft Foton М1 Foton М components Soyuz-U Biopan 5 Launch of Foton М2, 31 May 2005 Re-entry entry Module of Foton М2, 16 June

5 Biopan 5 platform on Foton M2 Biopan 5 during tests, December 2004 R3D-B(1) in Biopan 4 Biopan 4 after the crash Biopan 3 before the flight R3D-B2 Biopan 3 after the flight 5

The mission will be repeated in September 2006.

6 R3D-B2 instrument for ESA Biopan-5 5 facility outside of Foton M2 satellite. On June it was successfully returned after 2 weeks in space. The mission will be repeated in September The spectrometer is mutually developed with the University in Erlangen, Germany Detector of 256 Channels LET spectrometer UV-C channel UV-B channel UV-A channel PAR channel Size: 82x57x25 mm Weight: : 1291 g Consumption: 84 mw 6

and Preamplifier Electronics Lithium-Ion batteries Size:

7 Liulin-Photo was another experiment developed for Foton capsule as a part of Italian experiment Photo II Detector and Preamplifier Electronics Lithium-Ion batteries Size: 100х х50 mm Weight: 330 g (together with batteries) Liulin-Photo 7

8 Block Diagram of R3D-B2 Silicon Detector 2 cm 2 ; 0.3 mm +12 V DC 6-11 ma Biopan 5 Platform Charge sensitive preamplifier A225 Discriminator Slave Microcontroller I 2 C Interface Amplifier shaper Amplifier shaper 12 bit Analog to digital converter Amplifier shaper SRAM 512 b Amplifier shaper Master Microcontroller 12 bit ADC 1 MB Flash Memory PAR Photo Diode and Filter UV-A Photo Diode and Filter UV-B Photo Diode and Filter UV-C Photo Diode and Filter Amplifier Temperature sensor 8

9 Main conditions of the R3D-B2 experiment The solid state detector of R3D-B2 instrument were behind 1.0 mm aluminium mm cooper mm plastic material, + RADO experiment thermot hermo-luminescence detectors, which were placed behind a layer of special glass, to measure the protective properties of electrically-charged charged glass coatings against space radiation. Totally this gives about g/cm 2 shielding, which is about times less shielding than the shielding of Liulin-E094 experiment on ISS in From other hand the altitude of R3D- B2 experiment was km, about 100 km less than Liulin- E094 experiment. 9

10 All available data in the memory for UV and temperature 10

11 All available data in the memory for doses and fluxes R3D-B2 60 sec exposition Aircraft flights 11

12 Aircraft flight Amsterdam-Samara by R3D-B2 data R3D-B2 60 sec exposition 12

13 Aircraft flight Amsterdam-Samara by Liulin-Photo data Liulin-Photo 60 sec exposition 13

14 Comparison of aircraft flight results for 3 hours and 9 minutes Mean dose [mgy/hour] Total dose [mgy] Sigma dose R3D-B Liulin-Photo

15 Comparison of the R3D-B2 and Liulin-E094 mean daily data with (Johnson et al, 1993) 15

16 Data close to launch 16

17 Sequence of descending and ascending orbits psaa Descending psaa psaa esp psaa Ascending psaa psaa psaa enp 17

18 E-T T grams from Liulin MDU#1 and MDU#2 on ISS in May May

19 Sequence of descending Foton M2 orbits ps1 Descending orbits ps2 ps3 es1 es2 enp enp enp enp enp 19

20 Descending crossing of SAA Inner proton maximum Inner electrons and bremsshtrahlung Outer electrons 20

21 R3D-B2 and Liulin-E094 spectra comparison 0.5 MeV Comparison of R3D-B2 with Liulin-E094 data (1 minute resolution) R3D-B2 (Liulin-E094)* L= MeV 1000 Counts L= Dep. Ener. (MeV) 1000 Counts 0.7 MeV L= Dep. Ener. (MeV) 1000 Counts Counts Counts Dep. Ener. (MeV) Dep. Ener. (MeV) Dep. Ener. (MeV) Dose (ugy/h) Flux (cm^-2s^-1) R3D-B2 data Number of measurements D/F (ngycm^2/p) 21

22 Typical descending node crossing of SAA as seen by Liulin-E094 MDUs data 22

23 Distribution of Liulin-E094 phenomena inside of SAA Latitude (deg) ISS, +XVV attitude Liulin-E094, MDU May Longitude (deg) D/F (ngy.cm^2/part.) Brems.?, (counts) Dose (ugy/hour) Flux (cm^-2s^-1) Protons? (counts) 23

24 Summary plot of the phenomena Latitude (deg) Summary plot of SAA phenomena Brems.? (counts) D/F (ngy.cm^2/p.) Prot.? (counts) Longitude (deg) 24

-60-180 -150-120 -90-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 300 200 150 2.06 1.

25 Comparison with Spenvis model Latitude (deg) Summary plot of SAA phenomena and Spenvis predictions Brems.? (counts) D/F (ngy.cm^2/p.) Prot.? (counts) Longitude (deg) 25

Comparison with Spenvis model 2 Latitude (deg) 60 40 20 0-20 -40 Summary plot of SAA phenomena -60-180 -150-120 -90-60 -30 0

26 Comparison with Spenvis model 2 Latitude (deg) Summary plot of SAA phenomena Brems.? (counts) D/F (ngy.cm^2/p.) Prot.? (counts) Longitude (deg) 26

27 Future space experiments 27

years after September 2005 Liulin-ISS: Weight: 229 g

28 Liulin-ISS Instrument is a part of Russian segment service dosimetric system and will work on ISS for 15 years after September 2005 Liulin-ISS: Weight: 229 g incl. 80 g battery Size: 110x80x25 mm Consumption: 84 mw 28

spectrometer Columbus PAR channel UV-A channel UV-B channel Flight unit mounted in the EXPOSE facility (May 2003)

29 The R3D spectrometer is mutually developed with the University in i Erlangen, Germany and is expected to be launched first to Russian segment of ISS in 2006 and next to ESA Columbus module in 2008 EXPOSE 256 Channels LET spectrometer Columbus PAR channel UV-A channel UV-B channel Flight unit mounted in the EXPOSE facility (May 2003) UV-C channel R3D DIMENSIONS: Weight: : 1891 g Size: 76x76x36 mm Consumption: 120 mw Vibration tests in ESA May,

4 more experiments are under development SSD instrument with 4 MDUs for NASA DSTB (Deep Space Test Bed) mission 2005/2006 Balloon over Antarctida up to 40 km altitude for 2/4 weeks Weight of

3 N) Weight: 110 g Size: 88x40x20 mm Consumption: 120 mw RADOM instrument for Indian Chandrayaan-1 satellite 2007/2008 Satellite at 100 km over the Moon surface for 2 years Weight: 110 g

30 4 more experiments are under development SSD instrument with 4 MDUs for NASA DSTB (Deep Space Test Bed) mission 2005/2006 Balloon over Antarctida up to 40 km altitude for 2/4 weeks Weight of MDU: 90 g Size: 88x40x20 mm Consumption: 120 mw Liulin-R R instrument for ESA-Norwegian rocket Launch in February 2007 Rocket launch up to 280 km from Andoya, Norway (69.3 N) Weight: 110 g Size: 88x40x20 mm Consumption: 120 mw RADOM instrument for Indian Chandrayaan-1 satellite 2007/2008 Satellite at 100 km over the Moon surface for 2 years Weight: 110 g Size: 88x40x20 mm Consumption: 120 mw Liulin-F F instrument for Russian Phobos- Ground satellite 2009/2011 Satellite at 100 km over the Phobos surface for 2 years Weight: 400 g Size: 100x100x50 mm Consumption: 520 mw 30

31 WEB based Liulin spectrometer (at ALOMAR observatory, Norway at /) Master controller Slave controller Internet module Weight: 140 g Size: 84x40x40 mm Cons.: 200 ma from 5 V DC 31

32 Conclusions 2 different modifications of Liulin type spectrometers was developed, build and flown on Foton M2 satellite. The differences between both b instrument data during the aircraft flights do not exceed few percent; R3D-B2 spectra data show presence of 4 different formations in the region of SAA: First is the maximum of protons with high energies s in the north-west side; 2) The protons lower their energy in the south-east direction; 3) In the south-east side of anomaly, where maximum of electrons with energies larger then 0.1 MeV is predicted by AE model m is observed a pure electron or bremsshtrahlung spectra; 4) Pure electron ectron or bremsshtrahlung spectra are observed in the region of outer radiation belt also; The comparisons of R3D-B2 with Liulin-E094 data allows us to confirm results obtained with Liulin-E094; Future experiments in space are under development and will be performed up to 2019; 32

New Results for the Earth Radiation Environment

New Results for the Earth Radiation Environment Tsvetan DACHEV 1, Borislav TOMOV 1, Plamen DIMITROV 1 Yury MATVIICHUK 1, Frantisek SPURNY 2 1 Solar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory, Bulgarian Academy