Application of Sentinel-1 SAR for monitoring surface velocity of Greenland outlet glaciers
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1 pplication of Sentinel-1 SR for monitoring surface velocity of Greenland outlet glaciers Thomas Nagler, Markus Hetzenecker, Helmut Rott and Jan Wuite ENVEO IT GmbH Fringe 2015
2 OUTLINE Ice Surface Velocity from S1 TOPS data Intercomparison of Ice velocity S1 with TSX Examples for speed change of outlet glaciers Days coherence and INSR Ice velocity Map Summary and Conclusions Sentinel-1 IWS Oct 2014 Mar
3 Ice Surface Velocity from SR TOPS mode data CO-REGISTRTION: Non-Stationary General pproach reas (Icesheets) Geometric Co-registration of Master and Slave ursts : DEM, Precise Orbits OFFSET TRCKING: 1st Refinement of zimuth Shifts: Incoherent OT all ursts 2nd Refinement of zimuth Shifts: ESD in Overlaps of adjacent ursts Master and Slave urst by urst Co-registration
4 Characteristics of Sensors and Data sets SR Platform Sentinel -1 TerraSR-X / TDX LOS Launch pril 2014 June 2007, 2010 Jan 2006 pr 2011 Sensor C -band SR X -band SR PLSR / band Mode / Product IWS / SLC Stripmap / SLC Fine eam / SLC Sentinel-1 IWS Oct 2014 to Mar 2015 Resolution 3 x 22m m 4 x 3 m Repeat cycle 12d 11d 46d Swath width 250km 30 km 70 km TerraSR-X STRIPMP Dec 2014 Jan/Feb 2015
5 Sentinel, 3. Jan 2015 TerraSR-X, 20 Dec 2014
6 Sentinel-1, IW 3Jan2015 TerraSR-X,Stripmap, 20Dec2014
7 Sentinel 1 Ice Surface Velocity & Comparison to TSX and PLSR days image pairs 7
8 Horizontal Ice Surface Velocity Sentinel-1 versus TSX SENTINEL-1 (3 15. Jan 2015) TerraSR-X (9-20 Dec 2014) Difference Map: S1-TSX [m/d] Ice Velocity S1-TSX : Mean Difference = m/d Std: 0.36 m/d
9 Iterative Offset Tracking of Fast Glaciers Image sequence of the iterative calculation of a very fast glacier (e.g. Jakobshavn glacier; ca. 30 m/d) Iterative Procedure: Calculate shifts with a coarse sampling and without sub-pixel matching Where no matching found: Estimate shifts based on neighbours from previous run and apply coarse offset matching, until no improvement is observed Use coarse resolution offset map for final matching with small matching windows and sub-pixel matching
10 Intercomparison of Sentinel-1 and TSX Jan 2015 Feb 2015
![Velocity [m/d] Velocity [m/d] Length-Profiles S1 versus TSX & PLSR Jakobshavn/SK S1 Jan 2015 TSX Feb 2015 PLSR Dec 2009 PLSR Sep 2008](/docs-images/93/111613534/images/11-2.jpg "Distance [km] C Jakobshavn/SK D C Distance [km] ISC Workshop on the dynamics and mass budget of rctic glaciers Obergurgl 23-25 March 2015 Jan")
11 Velocity [m/d] Velocity [m/d] Length-Profiles S1 versus TSX & PLSR Jakobshavn/SK S1 Jan 2015 TSX Feb 2015 PLSR Dec 2009 PLSR Sep 2008 Distance [km] C Jakobshavn/SK D C Distance [km] ISC Workshop on the dynamics and mass budget of rctic glaciers Obergurgl March 2015 Jan Wuite D
12 Sermeq Silarleq Increase of Speed Velocity [m/d] Sermeq Silarleq S1 Jan 2015 TSX Dec 2014 PLSR Dec 2009 PLSR Sep 2008 Distance [km]
![Velocity [m/d] Velocity [m/d] Length-Profiles S1](/docs-images/93/111613534/images/13-2.jpg "versus TSX & PLSR Store Gl.")
13 Velocity [m/d] Velocity [m/d] Length-Profiles S1 versus TSX & PLSR Store Gl./SK S1 Jan 2015 TSX Feb 2015 PLSR Dec 2009 PLSR Sep 2008 Distance [km] Umiammakku Isbræ/US S1 Jan 2015 TSX Feb 2015 PLSR Dec 2009 PLSR Sep 2008
![Velocity [m/d] Velocity [m/d] X-Profiles S1 versus](/docs-images/93/111613534/images/14-1.jpg "TSX & PLSR SK-KS S1 Jan 2015 TSX Dec 2014 PLSR Dec")
![2009 PLSR Sep 2008 Distance [km] Rink Isbræ/KS S1](/docs-images/93/111613534/images/14-3.jpg "Jan 2015 TSX Feb 2015 PLSR Dec 2009 PLSR Sep 2008")
14 Velocity [m/d] Velocity [m/d] X-Profiles S1 versus TSX & PLSR SK-KS S1 Jan 2015 TSX Dec 2014 PLSR Dec 2009 PLSR Sep 2008 Distance [km] Rink Isbræ/KS S1 Jan 2015 TSX Feb 2015 PLSR Dec 2009 PLSR Sep 2008
15 12 days Coherence over GIS S1 Track 83 8 Feb 20 Feb 2015 Sentinel 1 IWS SLC Period: Jan-Mar 2015 (some scenes Oct-Dec 2014) 15
16 Examples for 12 days Interferograms Track /2/2015 Track 25 19/10 31/ Coregistration: - Geometric - Precise orbits Icesheet - Fringes well developed over some regions - Significant phase jumps at burst and swath interfaces might occur: - zimuth motion - Different LOS direction at burst interfaces urst 1 Icefree urst 2 v - Further developments needed to use this information
![Greenland Ice Sheet Velocity [m/d] Sentinel-1 Ice Surface Velocity Map v h Sentinel 1](/docs-images/93/111613534/images/17-0.jpg "IWS SLC Period: Jan-Mar 2015 (some scenes Oct-Dec 2014) ~700 Scenes ~19 000 bursts 17")
17 Greenland Ice Sheet Velocity [m/d] Sentinel-1 Ice Surface Velocity Map v h Sentinel 1 IWS SLC Period: Jan-Mar 2015 (some scenes Oct-Dec 2014) ~700 Scenes ~ bursts 17
18 Summary and Conclusions Sentinel-1 IWS has excellent capabilities for regular repeat mapping of ice sheets velocities. Ice velocity maps from Sentinel-1 IWS agree very well with TerraSR-X data acquired at the same period. Main differences are observed in shear zones, where higher resolution provides better results. SR TOPS Interferometry: during winter coherence over 12 days is suitable for generating interferograms. Further developments are needed to retrieve velocity from TOPS InSR to compensate for variable LOS direction within bursts and phase jumps at burst interfaces due to azimuth motion. 1st Sentinel-1 velocity map of Greenland has been generated using data from January to March acquisitions (3 repeat acquisitions for most tracks). We recommend to acquire at least 2 independent repeat image pairs per campaign. 18
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