Mercury and methylmercury transport in the Cache Creek Settling Basin, California, U.S.A.
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1 Mercury and methylmercury transport in the Cache Creek Settling Basin, California, U.S.A. Alpers, C.N. 1, Fleck, J.A. 1, Marvin- DiPasquale, M. 2, Beaulieu, E. 1, and Wright, S.A. 1 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA
2 Outline of Presentation Background Objectives Approach Preliminary Results Conclusions
3 Sacramento River Clear Lake Cache Creek Cache Creek Settling Basin Mercury Contamination from Historical Mining Hg-contaminated sediment from Hg mines (Coast Range) and Au mines (Sierra Nevada) Coast Ranges Central Valley Cache Creek watershed one of the most Hg-contaminated Downstream effects of MeHg in San Francisco Bay and Delta USGS Fact Sheet
4 California Mercury Production More than 100 million kg of Hg produced from 239 mines About 35 million kg lost to atmosphere from furnaces A flask contained 34.8 kg (76.5 lbs) prior to 1904, and 34.1 kg (75 lbs) afterwards (Churchill, 2000)
5 Background (1 of 2) Cache Creek Hg hot spot Half the Hg load of the entire Sacramento R. watershed Drains ~ 5% of the area of the Sacramento R. watershed Multiple Hg sources Active hot springs: Clear Lake / Sulphur Creek Fossil hot springs: hydrothermal alteration, Hg deposits Active cold springs: saline waters with high Hg, DOC Hg mine wastes: calcines, waste rock Several Hg mine sites with recent / ongoing remediation Sulphur Bank Mine (Superfund site) Abbott / Turkey Run Mines Rathburn / Petray Mines
6 Rathburn and Petray mines Cache Creek watershed adapted from: Domgalski et al. (2004)
7 From: Domgalski et al. (2004) USGS WRIR
8 Inflow January 22, 2010 Discharge: ~3,000 ft 3 /s ~85,000 L/s Outflow - gate Outflow - weir
9 Background (2 of 2) Cache Creek Settling Basin (CCSB) a sediment trap Built by U.S. ACE in 1937, improved in 1990 s Keeps sediment out of Yolo Bypass Protects City of Sacramento from flooding Interest in Hg trapping efficiency of CCSB Currently traps ~50% of sediment and p-hg load Future TMDL goal: 75% trapping efficiency Concerns about methylmercury CCSB may be a source of MeHg Sensitive downstream areas: Yolo Bypass, SF Bay-Delta
10 2009 Data from CropScape (USDA) Orthophoto from NAIP (2009) : 51% crops, 49% riparian
11 Overall Study Objectives Primary: In vs. out Determine [THg] & [MeHg] in water at CCSB inlet/outlet: storm and non-storm flow conditions Compute THg and MeHg loads in/out of CCSB Secondary: In-basin processes Assess spatial/temporal variability of [THg] & [MeHg] in water & sediment within the CCSB Assess vertical variability in sediment [THg] in deep cores Identify high [THg] layers
12 Overall Study Objectives Primary: In vs. out Determine [THg] & [MeHg] in water at CCSB inlet/outlet: storm and non-storm flow conditions Compute THg and MeHg loads in/out of CCSB Secondary: In-basin processes Assess spatial/temporal variability of [THg] & [MeHg] in water & sediment within the CCSB Assess vertical variability in sediment [THg] in deep cores Identify high [THg] layers
13 Approach Water and Sediment Sampling Water sampling WY2010: Dec June 2010 WY2011: Dec 2010 June 2011 Sediment sampling May 2010 Sept Feb May 2011 Sept Feb. 2012
14 Water-quality sampling Three sampling locations: Cache Rd. 102, CCSB Outlet & CCSB Spillway (weir) Baseline sampling at 3-wk intervals during wet season Storm event sampling: 8-10 samples per year (rising, peak, falling) Parameters: THg, filtered and unfiltered (or filtered and particulate) MeHg, filtered and unfiltered (or filtered and particulate) RHg(II), particulate Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) w/sand breakdoc & optical properties Field parameters (T, SC, ph, DO, turbidity) *Anions *Chlorophyll-a & pheophytin-a * baseline samples only
15 Approach Water and Sediment Sampling Water sampling WY2010: Dec June 2010 WY2011: Dec 2010 June 2011 Sediment sampling May 2010 Sept Feb May 2011 Sept Feb. 2012
16 Conclusions Cache Creek Settling Basin Inflow vs. Outflows: During flow across CCSB: Decrease in concentration of SS, p-thg Increase in concentration of MeHg, f-thg, and DOC Esp. during lower-flow periods between storms Spatial variations in ag vs. riparian land use: In riparian areas: Higher sediment MeHg/THg Higher LOI, TRS & Fe(II) consistent with Hg-methylation Management challenge: balancing THg load reduction with possible increase in MeHg production and export
17 Planned reports Primary Objective: In vs. out Determine [THg] & [MeHg] in water at CCSB inlet/outlet: storm and non-storm flow conditions Compute THg and MeHg loads in/out of CCSB Journal articles: THg, MeHg, SS loads 2012, 2014? Secondary Objective: In-basin processes Assess spatial/temporal variability of [THg] & [MeHg] in water & sediment within the CCSB Assess vertical variability in sediment [THg] in deep cores Identify high [THg] layers Journal article: In-basin variability 2014?
Cache Creek Settling Basin Mercury Studies
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