Lifestages of Hawai i Volcanoes. Shield-Building, Declining, and Rejuvenated Volcanoes
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1 Lifestages of Hawai i Volcanoes Shield-Building, Declining, and Rejuvenated Volcanoes
2 Topics Shield-Building Stage Declining Stage Rejuvenation Stage
3 Topics Shield-Building Stage Declining Stage Rejuvenation Stage
4 Shield-Building Stage Growth of a Shield Volcano
5 Lifestages
6 Lifestages Three primary lifestages of Hawai i shield volcanoes:
7 Lifestages Three primary lifestages of Hawai i shield volcanoes: 1. Shield-building stage
8 Lifestages Three primary lifestages of Hawai i shield volcanoes: 1. Shield-building stage 2. Declining stage
9 Lifestages Three primary lifestages of Hawai i shield volcanoes: 1. Shield-building stage 2. Declining stage 3. Rejuvenation stage
10
11 Shield-Building Stage
12 Shield-Building Stage Shield-building stage is divided into two phases:
13 Shield-Building Stage Shield-building stage is divided into two phases: Submarine shield-building
14 Shield-Building Stage Shield-building stage is divided into two phases: Submarine shield-building Subaerial shield-building
15 Submarine Shield-Building
16 Submarine Shield-Building Lo ihi is in the submarine shield-building stage
17 Submarine Shield-Building Lo ihi is in the submarine shield-building stage
18 Submarine Shield-Building Lo ihi is in the submarine shield-building stage Lo ihi
19 Submarine Shield-Building
20 Submarine Shield-Building Initially erupt alkalic pillow basalts
21 Submarine Shield-Building Initially erupt alkalic pillow basalts Alkalic basalts are richer in Na and K, compared to Ca
22 Submarine Shield-Building Initially erupt alkalic pillow basalts Alkalic basalts are richer in Na and K, compared to Ca Lo ihi has a caldera
23 Submarine Shield-Building Initially erupt alkalic pillow basalts Alkalic basalts are richer in Na and K, compared to Ca Lo ihi has a caldera Caldera can form during any phase of the shield-building stage
24 Submarine Shield-Building
25 Submarine Shield-Building Lo ihi
26 Submarine Shield-Building
27 Submarine Shield-Building Under the weight of 5 km of water, the alkalic pillow basalts are very dense with no vesicle formation
28 Submarine Shield-Building Under the weight of 5 km of water, the alkalic pillow basalts are very dense with no vesicle formation In the latter part of submarine shield-building, the magma becomes tholeiitic
29 Submarine Shield-Building Under the weight of 5 km of water, the alkalic pillow basalts are very dense with no vesicle formation In the latter part of submarine shield-building, the magma becomes tholeiitic Tholeiitic basalt - most common type of basalt
30 Submarine Shield-Building Under the weight of 5 km of water, the alkalic pillow basalts are very dense with no vesicle formation In the latter part of submarine shield-building, the magma becomes tholeiitic Tholeiitic basalt - most common type of basalt Tholeiitic basalts are richer in Ca compared to Na and K
31
32 Submarine Shield-Building
33 Submarine Shield-Building Once the volcano reaches depths shallower than 2.5 km, small gas bubbles form
34 Submarine Shield-Building Once the volcano reaches depths shallower than 2.5 km, small gas bubbles form Within a few hundred meters of the surface, eruptions are explosive and result in the formation of hyaloclastitic material
35 Submarine Shield-Building Once the volcano reaches depths shallower than 2.5 km, small gas bubbles form Within a few hundred meters of the surface, eruptions are explosive and result in the formation of hyaloclastitic material Hyaloclastic material - loose, angular, glassy rubble
36 Submarine Shield-Building Once the volcano reaches depths shallower than 2.5 km, small gas bubbles form Within a few hundred meters of the surface, eruptions are explosive and result in the formation of hyaloclastitic material Hyaloclastic material - loose, angular, glassy rubble Landslides of the unconsolidated hyaloclastic material maintain steep submarine slopes
37
38 Subaerial Shield-Building
39 Subaerial Shield-Building Once the volcano protrudes above sea level, tholeiitic basalt flows form the subaerial portion of the shield volcano
40 Subaerial Shield-Building Once the volcano protrudes above sea level, tholeiitic basalt flows form the subaerial portion of the shield volcano However, the low viscosity lava commonly reaches the shoreline, producing hyaloclastites and maintaining steep subaerial slopes
41 Subaerial Shield-Building Once the volcano protrudes above sea level, tholeiitic basalt flows form the subaerial portion of the shield volcano However, the low viscosity lava commonly reaches the shoreline, producing hyaloclastites and maintaining steep subaerial slopes Caldera repeatedly collapses and refills
42 Shield-building stage - Mauna Loa
43 Steep Submarine Slopes
44 Hawai i Submarine Slopes
45 Steep Submarine Slopes Hawai i
46 O ahu
47
48
49 Subaerial Shield-Building
50 Subaerial Shield-Building Kilauea and Mauna Loa are subaerial shield-building volcanoes
51 Subaerial Shield-Building Kilauea and Mauna Loa are subaerial shield-building volcanoes As a shield volcano drifts away from the center of the hot spot:
52 Subaerial Shield-Building Kilauea and Mauna Loa are subaerial shield-building volcanoes As a shield volcano drifts away from the center of the hot spot: the magma supply diminishes
53 Subaerial Shield-Building Kilauea and Mauna Loa are subaerial shield-building volcanoes As a shield volcano drifts away from the center of the hot spot: the magma supply diminishes eruptions become less frequent
54 Subaerial Shield-Building Kilauea and Mauna Loa are subaerial shield-building volcanoes As a shield volcano drifts away from the center of the hot spot: the magma supply diminishes eruptions become less frequent magma stays in magma chamber longer and differentiates
55 Subaerial Shield-Building Kilauea and Mauna Loa are subaerial shield-building volcanoes As a shield volcano drifts away from the center of the hot spot: the magma supply diminishes eruptions become less frequent magma stays in magma chamber longer and differentiates Differentiated lavas signal the end of the shield-building stage
56 Differentiation
57 Bowen s Reaction Series
58 Next Declining Stage
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