Unit 1: Water Systems

Transcription

1 Unit 1: Water Systems 1. What percent of the earth s water is salt water? A) 1 B) 2 C) 66 D) You have 4 glasses of water. Glass W is very salty and glass X has very little salt. Glass Y was taken from the tap and glass Z is pond water. Based on this information, in which glass would an object be best able to float? A) W B) X C) Y D) Z 7. What tide is shown in the following diagram? A) High tide B) Low tide C) Neap tide D) Spring tide 8. Based on the graph, what is the relationship between temperature and dissolved oxygen levels? 3. What is the region on earth covered in water? A) Atmosphere B) Biosphere C) Hydrosphere D) Lithosphere 4. What is the density of salt water? A) kg/l B) kg/l C) 1000 kg/l D) 1027 kg/l 5. What is happening when the sun dries water from a puddle? A) Condensation B) Evaporation C) Precipitation D) Sublimation 6. Based on the graph, which sample would have the smallest population of marine species? A) W B) X C) Y D) Z A) As dissolved oxygen increases, temperature is constant B) As dissolved oxygen decreases, temperature decreases C) As temperature increases, dissolved oxygen is constant D) As temperature increases, dissolved oxygen decreases 9. Based on the graph, which substance has the highest heat capacity? A) W B) X C) Y D) Z 10. Which is a characteristic of El Nino? A) Cooling of the ocean B) Decrease in trade winds C) Increase in marine productivity D) Less drought or flooding

2 11. You accompany a scientist to the lake to test your drinking water quality. You are in charge of reading the ph level. What do you hope your ph reading will be? A) 1.5 B) 4 C) 7 D) What is the region identified by B in the diagram? A) Abyssal Plain B) Continental shelf C) Continental slope D) Mid-ocean ridge 13. What type of ocean technology allows us to identify ocean features and predict weather changes? A) Satellites B) SCUBA C) Sonar D) Submersibles 14. What is the name of the part labelled B? A) Crest B) Trough C) Wave height D) Wave length 15. Which would represent a swell? A) Wave collapses onshore with a tumble of water B) Wave is steady with a smooth movement of water C) Wave is not constant with a rough movement of water D) Wave is choppy with a rough movement of water 16. Which represents a sea arch? A) A B) B C) C D) D A B C 17. How does salinity affect deep water currents? A More dense Sink B More dense No effect C Less dense Sink D Less dense No effect 18. Which contributed to overfishing? A) Bilge water B) Deep sea submersbles C) Factory freezer trawlers D) Technical diving 19. What is the main factor responsible for tides? A) Coriolis effect B) Gravitational attraction between earth and moon C) Tolerance to seasonal temperature changes D) Upwelling areas 20. What process is represented by C in the following diagram? A) Condensation B) Evaporation C) Precipitation D) Sublimation 21. In the Bay of Fundy the high tide has been measure to be 6m, while the low tide was measure to be 0.5 m. What is the tidal range for the Bay of Fundy? A) 3 m B) 5.5 m C) 6 m D) 12 m

3 23. Which describes how water is distributed on earth? A) Evenly distributed; 97% salt, 2% frozen, 1% fresh B) Evenly distributed; 97% fresh, 2% salt, 1% frozen C) Unevenly distributed; 97% fresh, 2% salt, 1% frozen D) Unevenly distributed; 97% salt, 2% frozen, 1% fresh 24. What is an area in which water from rivers and streams drain? A) Drainage basin B) Ground water C) Stream D) Wetland 25. What problem can increased turbidity create for ecosystems? A) Cold water forced to the surface attracts more organisms B) It produces toxic chemicals that contain phosphorous and oxygen C) Suspended particles block sunlight needed for photosynthesis D) Waste waters can increase temperatures and decreases solubility 26. Which is a characteristic of La Nina? A) Cooling of the ocean B) Decrease in marine productivity C) Decrease in trade winds D) More extreme drought 29. What do we call the removal of sediment, sand, soil and rock? A) Erosion B) Glaciations C) Tectonics D) Volcanoes 30. Which is a characteristic of mid-ocean ridges? A) Can be quite narrow B) Only found in the Atlantic Ocean C) Oldest part of the ocean D) Rise up to 3000 km above the sea floor 31. Where does the Gulf Stream come from and what does it bring with it? A) Cold water from the East B) Cold water from the South C) Warm water from the East D) Warm water from the South 32. The earth s crust is made up of solid, rocky ground. Which term best describes that part of the earth? A) Asthenosphere B) Atmosphere C) Hydrosphere D) Lithosphere 33. It took 340 J of energy to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree Celsius. What is this called? A) Convection B) Heat Capacity C) Specific Heat Capacity D) Thermals 34. What do we call waves that hit shorelines? A) Breakers B) Ocean waves C) Swells D) Tsunamis 35. What process involves the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles? A) Deposition B) Erosion C) Foraging D) Weathering 36. Beginning with the Sun s heat causing water to evaporate, which describes the correct water cycle process? A) Collection, Condensation, Evaporation, Precipitation B) Condensation, Evaporation, Collection, Precipitation C) Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Collection D) Precipitation, Evaporation, Collection, Condensation

4 38. What is a crest? A) Bottom of a wave B) Distance between 2 waves C) Height of a wave D) Top of a wave 39. What is B in the following diagram? A) Arch B) Cave C) Stack D) Stump 40. What is the name of the part labelled A? A) Crest B) Trough C) Wave height D) Wave length 41. Why is Newfoundland foggy? A) Cold Gulf Stream and Cold Labrador Current Mix B) Cold Gulf Stream and Warm Labrador Current Mix C) Warm Gulf Stream and Warm Labrador Current Mix D) Warm Gulf Stream and Cold Labrador Current Mix 48. How does the earth s spin affect surface currents? A) As currents flow over the spinning earth their paths change. B) The faster the wind is blowing, the greater the current C) Warm water will continually be pushed to the surface by cold water D) When they hit the shoreline they change Direction 42. Which of the following affects surface currents? A) Earth s Spin B) Temperature C) Salinity D) Volcanoes 43. What are deep water currents? A) Exist within the top 50 m B) Exist within the top 200 m C) Exist below 50 m D) Exist below 200 m 44. How could the Hibernia Oil Field affect marine environments? A) Creates spills and leakages of oil B) Makes sustainable harvesting possible C) Provides shelter for marine organisms D) Transforms coral reefs into upwelling areas 45. What process describes the formation of ocean basins due to the splitting of one large supercontinent into smaller parts of land that floated away from each other on plates? A) Continental drift B) Erosion C) Plate tectonics D) Volcanic action 46. What process describes hot molton lava rising from the earth, cooing and falling into basins, creating ocean basins? A) Continental drift B) Erosion C) Plate tectonics D) Volcanic action 47. What type of underwater technology is shown in the photo? A) Satellite B) SCUBA C) Sonar D) Submersible

5 49. How does temperature affect deep water currents? A) As currents flow over the spinning earth their paths change. B) The faster the wind is blowing, the greater the current C) Warm water will continually be pushed to the surface by cold water D) When they hit the shoreline they change direction 50. What is a continental margin? A) Area between ocean basin and shoreline B) Area between a continent and an island C) Distance between two oceans D) Distance between two continents 51. Water has a high heat capacity. What does this mean? Heats Up Cools Down (A) quickly quickly (B) quickly slowly (C) slowly quickly (D) slowly slowly 52. Which describes El Nino? Trade Winds Weather (A) decrease more extreme (B) decrease less extreme (C) increase more extreme (D) increase less extreme 60. Which of the following best describes the order of the processes in the water cycle? A) evaporation, condensation, precipitation, run-off B) evaporation, condensation, run-off, precipitation C) evaporation, precipitation, run-off, condensation D) evaporation, run-off, condensation, precipitation 53. Which describes the Gulf Stream? Temperature Direction (A) cold from the North (B) cold from the South (C) warm from the North (D) warm from the South 54. Which statement best describes the salinity of ocean water at the equator? A) It is higher than off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador because there is more salt flowing into the water at the equator. B) It is higher than off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador because water evaporates faster from the ocean at the equator. C) It is lower than off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador because there is more water flowing into the ocean off the coast. D) It is the same as everywhere else in the ocean. 56. Which term is used to describe all of the water associated with our planet Earth? A) Atmosphere B) Biosphere C) Hydrosphere D) Lithosphere 58. Which statement correctly describes fresh water? A) It has a greater density than salt water. B) It has a higher freezing point than salt water. C) It has a higher salinity than salt water. D) It has lower freezing point than salt water. 59. As glaciers flow into oceans, large chunks of ice break loose. Some are several kilometres in length. What are they called? A) Glaciers B) Icebergs C) Icefall D) Pack ice

6 61. Which technique is being used by scientists today to map the mountains, valleys, canyons, and plains of the ocean floor? A) measuring the depth from the surface with a long rod B) measuring the depth with a special weighted cable C) measuring the refraction of the light from the ocean floor D) measuring the reflection of sound waves from the ocean floor 62. Which term is used to describe the movement of cold, dense ocean water sinking below warm ocean water? A) density current B) surface current C) upwelling D) wave 63. How is a mid-ocean ridge created? A) Two tectonic plates push together and force the rocky material upward. B) Two tectonic plates move apart and magma flows up between them. C) One tectonic plate moves under the edge of another plate, forcing it upward. D) An earthquake occurs and a new canyon is created. Unit 2: Fluids 1. Which of the following represents the particle arrangement of a liquid? A) B) C) D) 2. Which would have the slowest flow rate? A) Cold molasses B) Warm molasses C) Cold dish liquid D) Warm dish liquid 3. Which substance would be the most viscous? A) Dishwashing liquid B) Orange juice C) Sprite D) Toothpaste 4. Which shows the relationship between viscosity and flow rate? Viscosity Flow Rate A) High Fast B) High Medium C) Low Slow D) Low Fast

7 5. Which describes a liquid? Shape Volume Particle Movement A) definite definite random B) definite indefinite random C) indefinite definite free flowing D) indefinite indefinite free flowing 6. What is the relationship between concentration and viscosity? Concentration Viscosity A) Decrease Decrease B) Decrease No change C) Increase Decrease D) Increase No change 7. What is the amount of space taken up by an object or substance? A) Density B) Mass C) Solid D) Volume 8. What is the speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another? A) Concentration B) Density C) Flow rate D) Viscosity 9. A sample of salt has a mass of 20.0 g and a volume of 9.26 cm 3. What is its density? (A) 0.46 g/cm 3 (B) 2.16 g/cm 3 (C) g/cm 3 (D) g/cm Four different liquids flow down a ramp. Based on the graph of their results, which has the highest viscosity? A) W B) X C) Y D) Z 12. What is the amount of a substance dissolved in a specific volume? A) Concentration B) Density C) Mass D) Viscosity 13. Which is NOT a fluid? A) Honey B) Oxygen C) Sugar D) Water 14. What happens to the density of a liquid when the temperature is increased? A) decreases B) increases C) no change D) doubles 15. Which of the following terms refers to the method we use to measure an irregularly shaped object by placing it in a fluid? A) density B) displacement C) temperature D) volume 10. What is viscosity? A) Force that resists movement B) Liquids resistance to flow C) Matter that flows D) Speed at which a liquid flows

8 16. Calculate the density A) M = 45 g 19. Calculate the volume: A) M = 145 g D = 2.5 g/cm 3 V = 15 ml B) M = 235 g B) M = 1200 g D = 6.7 g/ml V = 21 cm Calculate the mass: A) V = 6 ml D = 2.5 g/ml 20. Complete the following chart by calculating the missing values: Substance Volume Mass Density Gold 2 cm g/cm 3 B) V = 510 cm 3 D = 12 g/cm 3 Orange juice 45 ml 6 g Water 3 ml g/ml 18. What happens to a hot air balloon in order for it to descend? A) The air inside cools down, causing the density to become less than the air around the balloon B) The air inside cools down, causing the density to become more than the air around the balloon C) The air inside heats up, causing the density to become less than the air around the balloon 21. Identify the following as the densities of a liquid or a solid A) 35 g/ml B) 67 g/cm Which liquid has the slowest flow rate? A) cold honey B) cold vinegar C) warm honey D) warm vinegar D) The air inside heats up, causing the density to become more than the air around the balloon Unit 3: Optics

9 Remember: Newton m 2 = Pa (N/m 2 = Pa) Pressure = PA Force = N Area = m A bathtub is filled with water that has a force of approximately 650 N. If the area is 25 m 2 what is the pressure? 24. What is the area of a large container that can withstand 500 N of force and 23 Pa of pressure? 1. Who created the telescope? A. Galileo B. Janssen C. Michelson D. Pythagoras 2. What did Pythagoras believe about light? A. light consisted of beams made up of tiny particles B. light could make objects appear larger using tubes C. light could magnify objects if you use lenses D. light speed could not be calculated using Mirrors 3. Why is Michelson important to our understanding of light? A. calculated the speed of light B. created the microscope C. identified light as beams of particles D. invented the telescope 4. What is the speed of light? A. 3 m/s B. 330 m/s C. 3 x 10 8 m/s D. 330 x 10 8 m/s 25. What force would have to be applied to a 12 m 2 box that has a pressure of 4 Pa? 5. Why does an object appear blue? A. blue color is absorbed B. blue color is reflected C. other colors are reflected D. other colors are refracted 6. Which of the following has the longest wavelength? a. gamma rays b. infrared c. microwaves d. X-ray 7. What type of electromagnetic radiation would be used for night vision goggles? a. infrared b. gamma c. ultraviolet d. X-ray 15. What is happening to the light rays in this diagram?

10 8. What is a positive effect of radio waves? a. improved cooking b. improved night vision c. improved medical detection d. improved telecommunications 9. Which property of visible light allows you to make shadows? a. diffuse reflection b. reflection c. refraction d. rectilinear propagation 10. What is the best example of specular reflection? a. glazed ceramics b. matte paint c. matte photos d. unglazed ceramics 11. Which of the following terms refers to light separating into the colours of the rainbow? a. dispersion b. reflection c. refraction d. vacuum 12. A glass window is an example of what type of material? a. incident b. opaque c. translucent d. transparent 13. What is the angle of reflection in the following diagram? a. 36 o b. 45 o c. 54 o d. 90 o 14. What type of image is displayed here? a. diffuse b. real c. specular d. virtual a. converging b. diverging c. expanding d. refracting 16. Based on SPOT characteristics, what is the orientation of the image in this diagram? a. image distance is greater than object distance b. image is inverted c. image is larger than object d. image is real 17. Which represents the incident ray? a. W b. X c. Y d. Z 18. Which represents the size of an image produced by a plane mirror? A. The image is bigger than the object B. The image is smaller than the object C. The image is the same size as the object D. There is no image produced by a plane mirror 19. Which describes the Law of Reflection? A. an incident light ray will reflect at the same angle at which it approached the mirror B. an incident light ray will refract at the same angle at which it approaches a new medium C. light cannot pass through opaque materials D. light cannot pass through translucent materials

11 20. Complete the ray Diagram. S: P: O: T: 21. Sunrays travel from the sun to the bottom of a pond. What happens to the rays as they pass from the air to the water? Speed Bending a. Slow down Toward normal b. Slow down Away from normal c. Speed up Towards normal d. Speed up Away from normal 22. Your eye refracts too much light. Which of the following will help correct that? a. b. c. d. 23. Which area represents the angle of refraction (R) in the following diagram? a. W b. X c. Y d. Z Unit 4: Cells and Body Systems 1) Skin cells die and are replaced with new ones. Which of the 4 characteristics of life does this represent? a. growth b. movement c. reproduction d. response to stimuli 2) Which would best represent a response to stimuli? a. change in position b. having a baby c. new cell growth d. sweating when scared 3) Which part of a microscope is responsible for supporting the slide? a. arm b. base c. eyepiece d. stage 4) Which of the following protects the contents of a cell? a. cell membrane b. cell wall c. chloroplast d. cytoplasm 5) What is the function of mitochondria? a. houses chromosomes and is the control center b. moves material throughout the cell c. produces energy by breaking down food particles d. stores materials that cannot be used right away 6) What are the balloon-like spaces in the cytoplasm that store material? a. chloroplasts b. nucleus c. mitochondria d. vacuoles

12 7. Which of the following captures the sun s energy for photosynthesis? a. chloroplast b. nucleus c. mitochondria d. vacuoles 8. Which is true of animal cells? a. are protected by a rigid cell wall b. have smaller and more numerous vacuoles c. produces chlorophyll from sunlight d. require chloroplasts to produce energy 9. What do groups of tissues make? a. cells b. organs c. organ systems d. organisms 10. The mouth and esophagus are part of what system? a. circulatory b. digestive c. excretory d. respiratory 11. Which system removes liquid and gas wastes from the body? a. circulatory b. digestive c. excretory d. nervous 14. Which career would have little to do with the health of our bodies? a. coach b. doctor c. lawyer d. nutritionist 15. Which describes a system? a. one single organ in the body b. made of individual parts that work together as a whole c. produces waste material that destroys other parts of the systems d. systems make tissues which ultimately make cells 16. What do organisms require as a basic necessity of life? a. cells, food and shelter b. food, water, parents c. oxygen, nutrients, waste removal d. waste removal, shelter, water 17. What are the three parts of cell theory: 12. Which system transports blood, nutrients, gases and wastes through the body? a. circulatory b. excretory c. muscular d. nervous 13. Which system monitors changes in our bodies and then carries a response to our brain? a. circulatory b. excretory c. nervous d. respiratory