Unit 8 Test Review -- Oceanography

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1 Unit 8 Test Review -- Oceanography Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. D 1. A large body of saline water that may be surrounded by land is a(n) a. submersible. c. global ocean b. ocean. d. sea. C 2. How much of Earth s total mass is the global ocean? a. 97% c. 1/4,000 b. 1/2 d. 1/800 _B 3. Scientists use sonar to a. measure the temperature of ocean water. b. calculate the depth of the ocean floor. c. photograph ocean organisms. d. obtain samples from the ocean floor. _D 4. The flattest regions on Earth are a. trenches. c. mid-ocean ridges. b. seamounts. d. abyssal plains. _A 5. Most mid-ocean ridges form a. below sea level. c. in areas of increased volcanic activity. b. in trenches. d. along fracture zones. _B 6. An atoll will eventually become a(n) a. seamount. c. fracture zone. b. guyot. d. mid-ocean ridge. _B 7. Meteorite dust is one kind of a. nodule. c. ooze. b. inorganic sediment. d. core sample. _D 8. Sediments from rivers spread over the deep-ocean basins by means of a. icebergs. c. wind. b. chemical reactions. d. turbidity currents. _A 9. The silica in biogenic sediments comes mainly from a. diatoms and radiolarians. c. nodules. b. foraminiferans. d. calcium carbonate. _D 10. The voyages of the HMS Challenger a. provided information about plate tectonics. b. proved there were five oceans. c. provided valuable core samples. d. laid the foundation for oceanography. _A 11. Most river sediments are deposited a. on the shore and continental shelf. c. on abyssal plains. b. in the deep-ocean basins. d. on the continental rise.

2 _B 12. Thick sediment layers usually do not form on abyssal plains that are bordered by a. submarine canyons. c. seamounts. b. trenches. d. fracture zones. _D 13. The source of most calcium carbonate in biogenic sediments is a. diatoms. c. silica b. radiolarans. d. foraminiferans. _D 14. The third-largest ocean is the a. Arctic Ocean. c. Pacific Ocean. b. Atlantic Ocean. d. Indian Ocean. _B 15. Cold ocean water sinks and moves through the a. ocean s thermocline. c. polar regions. b. ocean basins. d. icebergs. _D 16. What is called the foundation of life in the ocean? a. whales c. salt b. minerals d. plankton _D 17. Nutrients in ocean water are stored a. near the surface. c. at the polar regions. b. at the tropics. d. in deep water. _C 18. In addition to increased use of toxic chemicals, what has reduced the ocean s ability to renew itself? a. oil drilling c. increased world population b. global warming d. chemical imbalance _B 19. In addition to limiting the use of leaded gasoline, what has the United States done to reduce ocean pollution? a. stopped the dumping of garbage into the ocean b. banned the toxic chemical DDT c. controlled the effects of acid rain d. ended offshore oil drilling _C 20. Raising aquatic plants and animals for human consumption is a. farming. c. aquaculture. b. agriculture. d. water farming. _A 21. The process of removing salt from ocean water is called a. desalination. c. purifying. b. freshening. d. aqua filtering. _C 22. As the temperature changes, the ocean and atmosphere are continuously exchanging a. moisture. c. gases. b. pollutants. d. chemicals. _C 23. Oceans are often referred to as a carbon sink. How many times more carbon is contained in the ocean than in the atmosphere? a. 20 times c. 60 times b. 40 times d. 80 times _B 24. Trace elements in the ocean are those minerals that are a. most valuable. c. least desirable. b. smallest in amount. d. most dangerous.

3 _B 25. By studying variations in color in the ocean, scientists can determine the presence of a. sea mammals. c. oxygen. b. phytoplankton. d. trace elements. _D 26. Plankton are the foundation of life in the ocean because they a. are at the top of the ocean food chain. b. establish a proper environment for all sea life. c. balance the chemical composition of the ocean habitat. d. form the base of the ocean food chain. _D 27. Although most wavelengths of visible light are absorbed at varying degrees by ocean water and microscopic sea life, the one color that is most reflected is a. red. c. violet. b. green. d. blue. _B 28. Which of the following causes gyres to form? a. deep currents c. the Equatorial Countercurrent b. the Coriolis effect d. West Wind Drift _C 29. One characteristic of the Antarctic Bottom Water is a. warmth. c. high density. b. low salinity. d. swiftness. _D 30. A vast area of calm, warm water in the North Atlantic is the a. North Atlantic Gyre. c. Antarctic Bottom Water. b. Gulf Stream. d. Sargasso Sea. _D 31. Waves strike the coastline head-on instead of at an angle as a result of a. undertow. c. fetch. b. longshore currents. d. refraction. _A 32. The factors that determine the size of a wave are wind speed, fetch, and a. the length of time the wind blows. b. water temperature. c. water salinity. d. amount of sediment on the ocean floor. _B 33. The major cause of tides is the a. Earth s rotation. b. gravitational pull of the moon on Earth and its waters. c. Earth s revolution around the sun. d. tidal bulge of Earth. _C 34. The Mediterranean Sea has a small tidal range because a. tidal oscillations amplify the effects of tidal bulges. b. it has no tidal oscillations. c. tidal oscillations reduce the effect of tidal bulges. d. it has no tidal current. _D 35. If high tide is at 4:00 p.m. today, at about what time will high tide occur tomorrow? a. 4:00 a.m. c. 4:25 p.m. b. 3:10 p.m. d. 4:50 p.m.

4 C 36. The highest point of a wave is its a. trough. c. crest. b. wave height. d. wave period. B 37. Calling a tsunami a tidal wave is misleading because a. a tsunami is not really a wave. b. a tsunami is not caused by tides. c. a tsunami does not occur in the ocean. d. a tsunami only occurs during ebb tides. C 38. The force that causes tides is a. wind. c. gravity. b. refraction. d. friction. D 39. The swift, warm current that flows northward along the east coast of the United States is called the a. North Atlantic Current. c. North Equatorial Current. b. West Wind Drift. d. Gulf Stream. B 40. Which of the following occurs when the gravity of the sun and moon work against each other to create a small daily tidal range? a. spring tides c. ebb tides b. neap tides d. flood tides C 41. A tsunami has a tremendous amount of energy because of its a. long wave period. c. long wavelength. b. high speed. d. great wave height. D 42. Most ocean locations have two high tides and two low tides daily because a. the moon rises about 50 min later each day. b. the gravitational forces of the sun and moon work against each other. c. the moon orbits Earth in the same direction that Earth rotates. d. there are two tidal bulges. D 43. Sandbars are formed by a. undertow. c. rip currents. b. refraction. d. longshore currents.

5 Short Answer 44. How could you tell that a sediment sample had been left on the ocean basin by an iceberg? 45. What might happen to populations of fish or dolphins if the number of plankton in an area of the ocean was reduced? 46. At which time or times of the month would you expect a tidal bore to be highest? 44. ANS: The sediment sample would contain rock and other materials that are normally only found on land. You would have to determine that the materials could not have been washed into the ocean from rivers by turbidity currents but were part of an area that had been covered by a glacier. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3 OBJ: ANS: Answers may vary. Sample answer: Since plankton are consumed by small organisms which are in turn food for larger organisms, there would be less food for fish or dolphins in an area where the plankton population was reduced, so the fish and dolphin population would also be reduced. PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 OBJ: ANS: at spring tides, during full and new moons

6 Matching Match each item to the correct statement below. a. shallow sea floor between the shoreline and deep-ocean bottom b. body of water smaller than an ocean c. lump of minerals found on the ocean floor d. part of ocean floor made up of oceanic crust and a thin sediment layer e. long, narrow depression in the deep-ocean basin f. cylinder of sediment collected by drilling the ocean floor g. flat, almost level area of the deep-ocean basin h. body of salt water that covers nearly three-fourths of Earth s surface i. deep valley in the continental shelf or continental slope j. force that spreads sediments over deep-ocean basin _G 47. abyssal plain _C 48. nodule _B 49. sea _A 50. continental margin _F 51. core sample _I 52. submarine canyon _J 53. turbidity current _H 54. global ocean _E 55. trench

7 Match each item with the correct statement below. a. the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance b. elements that exist in very small amounts c. a layer in a body of water in which water temperature drops with increased depth faster than it does in other layers d. a process of removing salt from ocean water e. the raising of aquatic plants and animals for human use or consumption f. the foundation of life in the ocean g. potato-shaped lump of minerals found in deep water h. the movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface i. organisms that swim actively in open water j. a measure of the amount of dissolved salts and other solids in a given amount of liquid _C 64. thermocline _D 65. desalination _A 66. density _F 67. plankton _J 68. salinity _H 69. upwelling _I 70. nekton _G 71. nodule _B 72. trace elements

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