Geological structure of Kabul city,

Transcription

1 Geological structure of Kabul city, Engineer Zamarak Date: Hujra House, Old Bara Road, University Town, Peshawar, PAKISTAN. Tel : Fax:

2 2 Jllstory of the geolo!lical stlldies: For the first step, G. G. Hyden (German) obtained the investigation of geological studies of Kabul in For the second step, Menissier (French) in had researched about geological and tectonical structures of Kabul. The above mentioned author obtained the geological map of Kabul.. 1: in scale in 8.5 km. The result of the investigations ofmenissier is used and has taken it's importance uptil now. The third stage of investigation takes since 1970» which the 1: in scale map has prepared. Stl'atlgrapiJr.: The area which has been studied 70o/o, mostly covered by Neogen and Quarternary sediments. The thickness of the above mentioned sediments is 100m, which the intermountain depressions are filled by these two ages sediments. The foundaments and the ridge of the mountains have composed from crystalline rocks which are supposely divided: Khairkhana, Qorugh (2800m thick), Shirdarwaza, Welayati (5000m thick), Loi Khwar (7500m thick), and those above mentioned rocks are crossed by Khengel serie, which is composed from corbonatite rocks and it is P-T in age and also the thickness of the Khengel serie is 430m. The formation of all rocks in Kabul are tectonically isolated by the faults. The compositions of the mentioned series or stratas are as below: Khairkhn aerie: Which is composed of: Marble, Gneises, Amphibolite, Migmatites and Granites.. gnelses. Shlrdanvaza serle: It is composed of: schists, Quartzites and Gneises, Oorutdl aerie: It is composed of : Crystalline, Schist, Gneises and in the fomtdament there is lenses of conglomerates.

3 3 Welayati serie: It is co1uposed of Marble, Dolomites, Limestones and Gneises. Lol~khwar: It is composed of: Phyllites, Limestones, Sandstones and Conglomerates. Khengel serie: Composition: which is lying unconfonn on the crystalline foundament, limestone, Dolomites and sandstones. Here are found fusulinidae founa (fossile ). Neogen serie: Composition: sand, conglomerates and clays. Quarternary serie: Composition: clays, sand gravels and pettles. Tectonic: The Kabul area which has been studied by the investigators, that is one of the rnonotectonical structures which is surrounded by Paghman fault (Chaman Maqur) in the west, Altimor fault in the east. Also so many small faults and folds are found in the series. Geomorobolov: The relief of the area shows, Kabul city is consisted of motm.tainous uplifts and depressions. The mountainous area is consisted of Khairkhana, Afshar, Shirdarwaza, Qorugh and Shakhe Darantai. The depression of Kabul is consisted of few sub-depressions: Pacha-Saheb, Chamtala, Paghman and Darulaman. Kabul which is divided into two depressions: northern and southern Kabul, they are isolated from each other by Maranjan hill. The middle elevation of the mountain is 2200m, and the_ maximum depth of the depressions is 800m. U eful minerals: In the investigated areas we can.find some metalic minerals as: copper, bronite, chalcophyrite, pyite. Also there are found some constructive raw materials as: gravels, sand, clay, marble, limestones, dolomites and so on.

4 All the prospecting processes have studied in a complex of the work which are consisted of geological, geomorphological, geophysical, geological, drilling for the determination of all the minerals. Constructive raw materials: Kabul area is rich of constructive raw materials as: marble, quartzites, intrusive rocks, clays, sands, gravels, sandstones etc. The explotiation of above mentioned materials is done by primary methods from different sources. Also it is explotiated by mechanical methods as the marble career of housing factory, stones deposites ofk.hair- Khana and Butkha.k:. The above materials are being explotiated without using any explosive ingredients. It is to be said as SoUdarltet will work on brick factory, there is a big area for the essential materials for bricks in Bagrami.

5 ,.. Minute of the conference 1- Eng. AmiD: What is tectonic? Answer: All the movements and constructions of earth are tectonic. l-eng. Dost: How deep could the people drill and what was the result? Answer: In America -Rocky mountain's were drilled upto 6730m. The observation showed that all materials and ingredients at very depth are being found as liquid, specially near to the centre and in the centre of earth. 3- Dr. Jean: Q.I- Do you have any dangerous and strong cases of earth-quake during the past years? Yes, it was Bal. Q.ll- Does Afghanistan export precious stones? Yes, in some parts of Afghanistan people export precious stones informally. 4- Eng. Sakhi: Can any deformation take place in the sphere, without those caused by earth-quake? Answer: The sphere consists of more plates which can move from one place to another, they are striking during their movements, which cause deformations. These movements also result the changes of temperature on the sphere. 5- Eng. Amanullab: How can it be assessed the ages of era? Answer: Physically it can be assessed by C 14.