Geology Topics Minerals
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1 Geology Topics Minerals
2 RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
3 Keep an eye out for The-Owl and raise your hand as soon as you see him. He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Hoot, Hoot Good Luck! Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
4 New Area of Focus: Rocks and Minerals Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
5 New Area of Focus: Rocks and Minerals Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
6 New Area of Focus: Rocks and Minerals Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
7 Rock: A mass or grouping of minerals. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
8 Rocks can be big.
9 Rocks can be big. How big is this rock?
10 Rocks can be big. How big is this rock?
11 Rocks can be little
12 Used in buildings.
13 Rocks are inorganic (non-living)
14 Minerals are natural, inorganic (non-living) solids that join together (crystals) to make unique compositions. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
15 Minerals form from Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
16 Minerals form from Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
17 Minerals form from Cooling Magma Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
18 Minerals form from Cooling Magma Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
19 Minerals form from Cooling Magma Minerals dissolved in liquid (liquid evaporates and the atoms left behind form crystals) Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
20 Minerals form from Cooling Magma Minerals dissolved in liquid (liquid evaporates and the atoms left behind form crystals) Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
21 A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
22 A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
23 Water can form a crystal structure when the atoms arrange themselves.
24
25 Structure of a Diamond
26 There are many crystal structures
27 Hexagonal. (Four axes, three are equal in length and lie at an angle of 120 from each other). Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
28
29 Trigonal Part of Hexagonal.
30 Triclinic. (3 axis) 1 2 3
31
32 Tetragonal. (Three axes, two are equal in length, one is unequal.)
33
34 Who knows what this is?
35 Superman s Fortress of Solitude!
36 Uses of Minerals - - Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
37 Gems: Rare highly prized minerals. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
38 Activity! How many gemstones can the class name?
39 Birth Stones.
40 Ores: Useful mineral that can be mined for profit. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
41 Iron Mine
42 Gold Mine
43 Diamond miners in Sierra Leone
44 This diamond mine in Siberia is the largest man-made hole in the world!
45 Ores ( and the atmosphere)
46 Two main types of minerals - - Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
47 Silicate Minerals: Contain silica and oxygen. 75% of all minerals. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
48 Non-silicate minerals: All others. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
49 Activity! Learning to identify minerals. Try to identify the minerals by putting each sample next to the correct name on your paper. You may work in pairs. Use the pictures on the next slide
50 Mica Feldspar Quartz Pyrite Calcite Halite Gypsum
51 Mica Feldspar 7 2 Quartz Pyrite Calcite Halite Gypsum 14
52 How did you figure out which mineral was which?
53 Physical Property: A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
54 Physical Property: A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. What are some physical properties of these two substances? Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
55 Physical Property: A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. One is gold, the other is Pyrite (Fool s Gold). Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
56 Physical Property: A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. How can you tell the difference? Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
57 Physical Property: A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. That s one way! Gold is very soft another physical property Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
58 Physical Property: A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Also, Gold leaves a gold color streak when you rub it on something Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
59 Physical Property: A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. But Pyrite leaves a blackgreen streak (another physical property) Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
60 Minerals have physical properties. The properties tell the difference between minerals.
61 Minerals have physical properties. The properties tell the difference between minerals.
62 Minerals have physical properties. The properties tell the difference between minerals.
63 Minerals have physical properties. The properties tell the difference between minerals.
64 Minerals have physical properties. The properties tell the difference between minerals.
65 Minerals have physical properties. The properties tell the difference between minerals.
66 Minerals have physical properties. The properties tell the difference between minerals.
67 Minerals have physical properties. The properties tell the difference between minerals.
68 Mineral Properties Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
69 Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral. Metallic (shiny). or non-metallic (dull). Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
70 Which letter represents something with high luster? A B
71 Answer! Letter A. The ball bearings are highly reflective. The table is dull. A B
72 Which picture shows a metallic mineral with high luster? A B
73 Answer! Letter B. A B
74 Hardness: How easily a mineral can be scratched. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
75 Let s try a hardness test Use the nail to scratch the Gypsum (#14) Then do the same thing to the Quartz (#5)
76 Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral.
77 Hoot Hoot Did anybody Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral. see me?
78 Hoot Hoot Did anybody Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral. see me?
79 Streak: The color of the mineral when it is broken up and powdered Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
80
81 Streak Try Graphite first. (#13) What color do you expect? What is Graphite used for? Next, try Pyrite (#4).
82 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral breaks. Smooth flat breaks Cleavage Rough jagged edges Fracture Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
83 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral breaks. Smooth flat breaks Cleavage Rough jagged edges Fracture Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
84 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral breaks. Smooth flat breaks Cleavage Rough jagged edges Fracture Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
85 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral breaks. Smooth flat breaks Cleavage Rough jagged edges Fracture Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
86 Cleavage and Fracture: The way a mineral breaks. Smooth flat breaks Cleavage Rough jagged edges Fracture Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
87
88 Specific Gravity: How dense the mineral is Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
89 Misc. Smell Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
90 Misc. Smell Solubility in acid Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
91 Demonstration: Solubility in Acid!
92 Specific Gravity D=M/V
93
94 Activity! The physical and chemical properties of minerals. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
95 Activity! The physical and chemical properties of minerals. Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral. Metallic (shiny). or non-metallic (dull). Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
96 Activity! The physical and chemical properties of minerals. Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral. Metallic (shiny). or non-metallic (dull). Hardness: How easily a mineral can be scratched. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
97 Activity! The physical and chemical properties of minerals. Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral. Metallic (shiny). or non-metallic (dull). Hardness: How easily a mineral can be scratched. Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
98 Activity! The physical and chemical properties of minerals. Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral. Metallic (shiny). or non-metallic (dull). Hardness: How easily a mineral can be scratched. Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral. Streak: The color of the mineral when it is broken up and powdered. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
99 Activity! The physical and chemical properties of minerals. Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral. Metallic (shiny). or non-metallic (dull). Hardness: How easily a mineral can be scratched. Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral. Streak: The color of the mineral when it is broken up and powdered. Specific Gravity: How dense the mineral is? Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
100 Activity! The physical and chemical properties of minerals. Luster: How light is reflected from a mineral. Metallic (shiny). or non-metallic (dull). Hardness: How easily a mineral can be scratched. Color: Tells what atoms make up the mineral. Streak: The color of the mineral when it is broken up and powdered. Specific Gravity: How dense the mineral is? Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
101 Key - Name Streak Luster Hardness Cl/Fr 1 Talc white NM 1-2 FR 2 Galena grey black M 3-4 CL 3 Quartz x NM 5 CL 4 Muscovite x NM 6 FR 5 Copper grey M (NM?) 2-3 FR 6 Pyrite green black M 6-7 FR 7 Biotite x M? 2-3 CL 8 Calcite x (white) NM 2-3 CL 9 Flourite x (white) M? 4-5 CL 10 Gypsum white NM 2 FR 11 Halite x NM 2-3 CL 12 Hematite black brown M 6-7 FR
102 End Geology Topics Minerals
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