Earth Science Minerals. Moh s Scale of Hardness In which New York State landscape region was most of the garnet mined?

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1 Name: ate: 1. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? A. calcite. halite C. pyrite. mica 2. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below, which shows areas where certain minerals were mined in significant amounts during ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh s Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest). Table 1 Gemstone Mineral Composition Hardness Average ensity (g/cm 3 ) emerald e 3 Al 2 (Si 6 O 18 ) sapphire Al 2 O spinel MgAl 2 O zircon ZrSiO KEY Al = aluminum e = beryllium Mg = magnesium O = oxygen Si = silicon Zr = zirconium Table 2 Moh s Scale of Hardness In which New York State landscape region was most of the garnet mined? A. Catskills. Adirondack Mountains C. Tug Hill Plateau. Erie-Ontario Lowlands 1 talc 2 gypsum 3 calcite 4 fluorite 5 apatite 6 feldspar 7 quartz 8 topaz 9 corundum 10 diamond Which gemstone minerals contain the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth s crust? A. emerald and spinel. emerald and zircon C. sapphire and spinel. sapphire and zircon page 1

2 4. Which property of a mineral most directly results from the internal arrangements of its atoms? 6. The table below shows the chemical composition of some common minerals found in rocks of lithosphere. A. volume. color Mineral Chemical Composition C. crystal shape. streak Hematite Fe 2 O 3 Calcite CaCO 2 5. The accompanying table provides information about four common silicate minerals. Quartz SO 2 Potassium feldspar KAlSi 3 O 8 As indicated by its chemical composition, which mineral could have formed when CO 2 (carbon dioxide) combined with another substance? A. potassium feldspar. hematite C. quartz. calcite 7. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the table below, which shows the characteristics of four different mineral samples. Mineral Characteristics Which conclusion is best supported by the information in this table? A. The shape of the tetrahedral unit controls the shape of the broken mineral.. The arrangement of the tetrahedral units controls the mineral breakage pattern. C. The percent of shared oxygen controls the size of the mineral crystal.. The type of atoms present controls how much oxygen is shared. Mineral Sample Color Luster Streak reakage Pattern Galena gray metallic gray breakes into cubes Halite colorless nonmetallic colorless break into cubex Quartz colorless nonmetallic colorless irregular breakage Gold yellow metallic yellow irregular breakage Which two mineral samples most likely have a similar internal arrangement of atoms? A. galena and quartz. galena and halite C. gold and halite. gold and galena 8. The internal atomic structure of a mineral most likely determines the mineral s A. color, streak, and age. origin, exposure, and fracture C. size, location, and luster. hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape page 2

3 9. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite. 12. The most abundant metallic element by mass in Earth s crust makes up 8.23% of the crust. Which group of minerals all normally contain this metallic element in their compositions? A. garnet, calcite, pyrite, and galena. biotite mica, muscovite mica, fluorite, and halite C. talc, quartz, graphite, and olivine. plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene, and potassium feldspar An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral s A. age of formation. infiltration rate C. physical properties. temperature of formation 10. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and oxygen. Which list contains only silicate minerals? A. graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum. potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole C. calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene 13. The table below lists some information about the minerals graphite and diamond. ata Table Mineral Composition epth of Formation Hardness Electrical Conductor graphite carbon shallow 1 good diamond carbon very deep 10 poor Some properties of diamond are different from those of graphite because diamond A. has a different arrangement of atoms. forms larger crystals C. has a different composition. is older in geologic age. biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet 11. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A. sulfuric acid. pencil lead C. plaster of paris. window glass page 3

4 14. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the table and photograph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table shows the approximate mineral percent composition of an igneous rock. The photograph shows the true-scale crystal sizes in this igneous rock. Mineral Name Percentage of Mineral Present plagioclase feldspar 55% biotite 15% amphinole 30% 15. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passage below. Asbestos Asbestos is a general name given to the fibrous varieties of six naturally occurring minerals used in commercial products. Most asbestos minerals are no longer mined due to the discovery during the 1970s that long-term exposure to high concentrations of their long, stiff fibers leads to health problems. Workers who produce or handle asbestos products are most at risk, since inhaling high concentrations of airborne fibers allows the asbestos particles to become trapped in the workers lungs. Chrysotile is a variety of asbestos that is still mined because it has short, soft, flexible fibers that do not pose the same health threat. The chemical formula for chrysotile is Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4. State the name of the mineral found on the Earth Science Reference Tables that is most similar in chemical composition. Identify two elements that are commonly found in all three minerals in the data table. page 4

5 Problem-Attic format version c EducAide Software Licensed for use by Julia Ziac Terms of Use at 03/18/ C C A Silicon, oxygen, aluminum tale