Minerals, Rocks, and Soils Science Study Guide 3 rd Grade

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1 Name Test Date: VOCABULARY Understand and study the following vocabulary words. Use the attached flashcards (draw a picture to go with each) - rock, streak, sedimentary rock, igneous rock, metamorphic rock, hardness, mineral, weathering, erosion. Science Concepts 1. Order the following from largest to smallest grains: clay sand silt (clay, silt, sand) 2. What are the four things that make up soil? Water, air, humus, tiny pieces or rock 3. What are the properties or minerals? Color, shapes, size, luster 4. What is the soil type found on many farms? (Loam) 5. What type of soil is made of powdery grains of rock? (Clay) 6. Know how to read the Mohs Scale Mohs Scale tells the hardness of a mineral which can help you identify a mineral. 1 Talc 2 Gypsum 3 Calcite 4 Fluorite 5 Apatite 6 Orthoclase Feldspar 7 Quartz 8 Topaz 9 Corundum 10 Diamond

2 7. Jacob has a collection of rocks at home. If he keeps an igneous rock for five months, will it change into metamorphic rock? It will most likely not change into a metamorphic rock. It takes great amounts of heat and pressure to change an igneous rock into a metamorphic rock. 8. What causes the differences between two mountain ranges? Years of weathering and erosion. 9. Why are some minerals so expensive? Some minerals are valuable and cost a lot of money. They are called gems. Gold and silver are valuable. Minerals can be rare because they take a long time to form and are hard to find. 10. What is the rock cycle? The process of rocks changing from one kind of rock to another kind of rock. 11. How can you tell if something is a mineral? 1. The color 2. The luster 3. The streak and hardness Hardness how easy it is to scratch a mineral. Streak the scratch leftover after testing the hardness of a mineral. What are three ways minerals are used? 1. The food we eat 2. Fluoride in toothpaste 3. Jewelry

3 How is a rock different from a mineral? A rock is made up of many different types of minerals. Are all rocks made of more than one kind of mineral? Yes, rocks are all made of more than one kind of mineral. Properties of rocks : Hardness/Color/Luster Types of s How it forms Examples IGNEOUS MELTED ROCK COOLS AND GETS HARD BASALT AND OBSIDIAN SEDIMENTARY DIRT, SAND, AND ROCKS FORM LAYERS LIMESTONE AND SANDSTONE METAMORPHIC HEAT AND PRESSURE MARBLE AND SLATE Which type of rock is a volcano mostly made of? Igneous rock Which type of rock is found deep inside the Earth? Metamorphic rock What are some types of soil? Clay, humus, sand, and loam Humus- bits of dead plants and animals. Types of soil Sand Definition Tiny bits of rock you can see Clay Tiny bits of rock you can t feel Loam Mixture of humus, clay, silt & sand

4 What is the main difference between the types of soil? Types of rocks and the mixture in each one. Put the types of soil in order from largest to smallest. Sand, silt, clay Another type of soil called loam, is a mixture of humus, clay, silt, and sand. Why is loam the type of soil usually found on farms? It is best for growing plants. How soils are alike All soils have. 1. They have water 2. Home to many animals 3. Plants grow in it. How soils are different Soils have different 1. Some have rocks in it 2. Some absorb water better than others. 3. Color is different Weathering wind and water breaking down rock over time. What are the causes of weathering? 1. Wind 2. Water Small rocks are moved by wind and water in the process called erosion. Small rocks end up in a river. These rocks form sand and soil.

5 Vocabulary: Erosion The movement of weathered rock and soil Hardness The measure of how difficult it is for a mineral to be scratched. *Mineral property identifies by the Mohs scale. Igneous that was once melted and then cooled and hardened. Metamorphic that has been changed by heat or pressure. Sedimentary formed from material that has settled into layers. Mineral An object that is solid, formed in nature, and has never been alive.

6 Weathering The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces. A naturally formed solid made of grains of one or minerals. Streak Color left behind by a mineral when it is rubbed against a rough white tile.

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