Minerals II: Physical Properties and Crystal Forms. From:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Minerals II: Physical Properties and Crystal Forms. From:"

Transcription

1 Minerals II: Physical Properties and Crystal Forms From:

2 The Physical Properties of Minerals Color Streak Luster Hardness External Crystal Form Cleavage

3 The Physical Properties of Minerals (cont.) Fracture Specific Gravity Special Properties Other Properties Chemical Tests

4 Physical properties of minerals Based on the principles discussed during the last lecture and above, we now know that minerals are composed of atoms, arranged in a specific order, with a well defined chemical composition. We might expect then that the microscopic variations in bond environment discussed above, will also be manifested in macroscopic physical and chemical properties. This is indeed the case.

5 Important Physical Properties I Luster - This property describes the appearance of reflected light from the mineral's surface. Nonmetallic minerals are described using the following terms: vitreous, pearly, silky, resinous, and earthy.

6 Important Physical Properties II Color - Although an obvious feature, it is often unreliable to use to determine the type of mineral. Color arises due to electronic transitions, often of trace constituents, in the visible range of the EM spectrum. For example, quartz is found in a variety of colors. Color of a mineral may be quite diagnostic for the trace element and coordination number of its bonding environment.

7 Hope Diamond: 44.5 carats

8 Important Physical Properties III Streak - The color of a mineral in its powdered form; obtained by rubbing the mineral against an unglazed porcelain plate. Streak is usually less variable than color. Useful for distinguishing between minerals with metallic luster.

9 Density and Specific Gravity Density - Defined as the mass divided by the volume and normally designated by the Greek letter, rho,." = mass/volume; SI units: kg/m 3 or kg m -3, but geologists often use g/cm 3 as the unit of choice. Specific Gravity - Ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water. Note that water = 1 g cm -3. S.G. is unitless. Examples - quartz (SiO 2 ) has a S.G. of 2.65 while galena (PbS) has a S.G. of 7.5 and gold (Au) has a S.G. of 19.3.

10 Color and Density Two broad categories are ferromagnesian and nonferromagnesian silicates, which simply means iron and magnesian bearing or not. The presence or absence of Fe and Mg strongly affects the external appearance (color) and density of the minerals. Ferromagnesian silicates - dark color, density range from g/cc Olivine - high T, low silica rocks; comprises over 50% of upper mantle Pyroxenes - high T, low silica rocks Amphiboles - esp. hornblende; moderate T, higher silica rocks Mica - esp. biotite; moderate T, higher silica rocks Garnet - common metamorphic mineral Nonferromagnesian silicates - light color, density close to 2.7 g/cc Mica - exp. muscovite; moderate T, higher silica rocks Feldspars - plagioclase and orthoclase; most common mineral in crust; form over a wide range of temperatures and melt compositions Quartz - low T, high silica rocks; extremely stable at surface, hence it tends to be a major component in sedimentary rocks. Clay - esp. kaolinite; different types found in different soils

11 Crustal Minerals

12 More Zoning From

13 Zoning in Plagioclase Feldspar Na-rich rim Ca-rich core

14 Important Physical Properties IV Crystal form or habit - The external morphology of crystals generally reflect the internal arrangement of their constituent atoms. This can be obscured, however, if the mineral crystallized in an environment that did not allow it to grow without significant interaction with other crystals (even of the same mineral).

15 Belongs to the Serpentine mineral family - hydrated ferromagnesian silicate. Chrysotile Asbestos

16 Crystal Forms: Quartz

17 Feldspar

18 Intergrown cubic crystals of fluorite

19 Quartz Interfacial Angles Perfectly Proportioned Crystals Misshapen Crystals Steno s Law (1669): Crystal face internal angles remain constant!

20 Macroscopic Forms and Microscopic Blocks Cubes Macroscopic Crystal Forms Rhombs

21 Unit Cells and Crystal Structure Cubic unit cell: smallest repeatable unit

22 Important Physical Properties V Hardness - This is the resistance of the mineral to abrasion or scratching. This property doesn t vary greatly from sample to sample of the same mineral, and thus is highly diagnostic. It also is a direct reflection of the bonding type and internal atomic arrangement. A value is obtained by comparing the mineral to a standard scale devised by Moh, which is comprised of 10 minerals ranging in hardness from talc (softest) to diamond (hardest).

23 Mohs Hardness Scale

24 Polymorphism and polymorphs Substances having the same chemical composition but different crystal structures. e.g. diamond and graphite Both minerals are composed of pure carbon, but diamond is the high pressure polymorph of graphite. This gives rise to extremely different physical properties.

25 Polymorphism 3 mm Natural Octahedral Diamond From: Graphite & Calcite

26 Diamond vs. Graphite Crystal Structures Hardness: 10 Hardness: 1-2 From:

27 Fingernail Hardness (2.5) Scratches Gypsum (2)

28 Important Physical Properties VI Cleavage - Orientation and number of planes of weakness within a mineral. Directly reflects the orientation of weak bonds within the crystal structure. This feature is also highly diagnostic. Fracture - This describes how a mineral breaks if it is not along well defined planes. In minerals with low symmetry and highly interconnected atomic networks, irregular fracture is common.

29 Planer Cleavage in Mica

30 Weak Bonding Yields Planer Cleavage

31 Amphibole Cleavage ~120/60

32 Rhombohedral Cleavage in Calcite

33 Conchoidal Fracture in Glass

34 Special and Other Properties Striations - Commonly found on plagioclase feldspar. Straight, parallel lines on one or more of the cleavage planes caused by mineral twinning. Magnetism - Property of a substance such that it will spontaneous orient itself within a magnetic field. Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) has this property and it can be used to distinguish it from other nonmagnetite iron oxides, such as hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ). Double Refraction - Seen in calcite crystals. Light is split or refracted into two components giving rise to two distinct images.

35 Plagioclase striations

36 Calcite Double Refraction

37 X-ray diffraction: Laue photographic method

38 Bragg Relationship From:

39 Laue X-ray photograph of Vesuvianite From:

40 Vesuvianite: Contact Metamorphic Mineral Formula: Ca 10 (Mg,Fe) 2 Al 4 Si 9 O 34 (OH) 4 System: Tetragonal Hardness:

Matter and Minerals Earth: Chapter Pearson Education, Inc.

Matter and Minerals Earth: Chapter Pearson Education, Inc. Matter and Minerals Earth: Chapter 3 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks By definition a mineral is: Naturally occurring An inorganic solid Ordered internal molecular structure Definite chemical composition

More information

ESS Minerals. Lee. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.

ESS Minerals. Lee. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. Name: ESS Minerals Pd. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral? (A) garnet (B) magnetite (C) olivine (D) quartz

More information

Matter and Minerals. Earth 9 th edition Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form "Mineral" defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more).

Matter and Minerals. Earth 9 th edition Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form Mineral defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more). 1 2 Matter and Minerals Earth 9 th edition Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form "Mineral" defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more). continued... 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Also crystalline,

More information

Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals. Why Atoms Bond. Why Atoms Bond. Halite (NaCl) An Example of Ionic Bonding. Composition of Minerals.

Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals. Why Atoms Bond. Why Atoms Bond. Halite (NaCl) An Example of Ionic Bonding. Composition of Minerals. Matter and Minerals Earth Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form "Mineral" defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more). continued... Also crystalline, chemically specific. There! I fit it in!

More information

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2. Based on: Earth Science, 10e

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2. Based on: Earth Science, 10e Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2 Based on: Earth Science, 10e Minerals: the building blocks of rocks Definition of a mineral Solid Inorganic Natural Crystalline Structure - Possess an orderly

More information

Minerals Please do not write on this test packet.

Minerals Please do not write on this test packet. Please do not write on this test packet. 1. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohs hardness scale compared with the hardness of some common objects. 2. Base your answer to the following question

More information

EESC 4701: Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology IGNEOUS MINERALS LAB 1 HANDOUT

EESC 4701: Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology IGNEOUS MINERALS LAB 1 HANDOUT EESC 4701: Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology IGNEOUS MINERALS LAB 1 HANDOUT Sources: Cornell EAS302 lab, UMass Lowell 89.301 Mineralogy, LHRIC.org The Petrographic Microscope As you know, light is an electromagnetic

More information

ENVI.2030L - Minerals

ENVI.2030L - Minerals ENVI.2030L - Minerals Name I. Minerals Minerals are crystalline solids - the particles (atoms) that make-up the solid have a regular arrangement. In glasses, on the other hand, the atoms are not arranged

More information

The Nucleus. Protons. Positive electrical charge The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number

The Nucleus. Protons. Positive electrical charge The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number Matter Atoms The smallest unit of an element that retain its properties Small nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons The nucleus contains protons and neutrons The Nucleus Protons Positive electrical

More information

10/8/15. Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks. I) Minerals. Minerals. (A) Definition: Topics: -- naturally occurring What are minerals?

10/8/15. Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks. I) Minerals. Minerals. (A) Definition: Topics: -- naturally occurring What are minerals? minerals Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks I) Minerals Minerals Topics: What are minerals? Basic Chemistry Amethysts in geode: minerals Characteristics of Minerals Types of Minerals -- orderly arrangement

More information

Minerals: Minerals: Building blocks of rocks. Atomic Structure of Matter. Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 3 Outline

Minerals: Minerals: Building blocks of rocks. Atomic Structure of Matter. Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 3 Outline Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 3 Outline Does not contain complete lecture notes. To be used to help organize lecture notes and home/test studies. Minerals: Building blocks of rocks Definition

More information

Lab #4: Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Lab #4: Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Lab #4: Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks By definition a mineral is/has Naturally occurring Inorganic solid Ordered internal molecular structure Definite chemical composition

More information

305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS

305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Use GEOLOGIC VOCABULARY where APPLICABLE!

More information

305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS

305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Use GEOLOGIC VOCABULARY where APPLICABLE!

More information

305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS

305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Use GEOLOGIC VOCABULARY where APPLICABLE!

More information

305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS

305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Use GEOLOGIC VOCABULARY where APPLICABLE!

More information

CHAPTER 2 MINERALS. Group Presentation Notes

CHAPTER 2 MINERALS. Group Presentation Notes CHAPTER 2 MINERALS Group Presentation Notes DEFINITION OF A MINERAL A mineral is naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition. CHARACTERISTICS

More information

1. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 2. Which mineral leaves

1. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 2. Which mineral leaves 1. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 2. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder when rubbed against an unglazed

More information

5/24/2018. Matter and Minerals

5/24/2018. Matter and Minerals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Matter and Minerals Earth Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Matter & Minerals Figure 3.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Geologic Definition of a Mineral: Naturally occurring Generally inorganic

More information

300 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS

300 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 300 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Use GEOLOGIC VOCABULARY where APPLICABLE!

More information

MINERALS Smith and Pun Chapter 2 ATOMIC STRUCTURE

MINERALS Smith and Pun Chapter 2 ATOMIC STRUCTURE MINERALS Smith and Pun Chapter 2 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE 2 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE (2) (See Smith and Pun, pages 29-35) ELEMENT: Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical methods

More information

Review - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals

Review - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals Review - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral.

More information

Periods on the Periodic Table

Periods on the Periodic Table Minerals Chapter 2 Matter Matter includes anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). It exists in 3 main states on Earth solid, liquid, and gas. Matter can be classified based on its physical

More information

Earth Science Minerals. Moh s Scale of Hardness In which New York State landscape region was most of the garnet mined?

Earth Science Minerals. Moh s Scale of Hardness In which New York State landscape region was most of the garnet mined? Name: ate: 1. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? A. calcite. halite C. pyrite. mica 2. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map

More information

Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification

Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification Student Name: College: Grade: Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this lab is to learn the characteristics of minerals,

More information

What do these products have in common?

What do these products have in common? What is a mineral? 4000 minerals on Earth!!!! A naturally occurring, inorganic solid crystalline substance with a definite chemical composition. A mineral must have these 5 major aspects: Naturally occurring

More information

1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc

1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc 1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc 2. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D)

More information

PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY

PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. Engineering Geology Part one 1 2nd semester 2018/2019 Eng. Amany Assouli 1 INTRODUCTION: What is the engineering

More information

Monday, April 21, 2014 Minerals Intro

Monday, April 21, 2014 Minerals Intro Monday, April 21, 2014 Minerals Intro Warm Up: 1) Update Planners! 2) Reminders: STAAR Math tomorrow STAAR Reading Wednesday Do you know your testing room? Apr 21 7:21 AM Minerals Naturally occurring and

More information

Mineral Identification

Mineral Identification Mineral Identification! Mineral identification is a skill. " Requires learning diagnostic properties #Some properties are easily seen. $Color $Crystal shape #Some properties require handling or testing.

More information

Unit 2 Exam: Rocks & Minerals

Unit 2 Exam: Rocks & Minerals Name: Date: 1. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the 2001 edition of the Earth Science Reference Tables, the map and cross section below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The shaded

More information

Mineral Properties and Identification

Mineral Properties and Identification Mineral Properties and Identification Introductory Geology Lab GEOL 101 Ray Rector - Instructor http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/mineral_id/index.html MINERAL INQUIRY I. What are Minerals? How do minerals

More information

Name: NAME PROPERTY 1 PROPERTY 2. Specimen #41: Specimen #42: (ASK!) Specimen #43: Specimen #44: Tuesday Wednesday (circle lab day)

Name: NAME PROPERTY 1 PROPERTY 2. Specimen #41: Specimen #42: (ASK!) Specimen #43: Specimen #44: Tuesday Wednesday (circle lab day) Name: Tuesday Wednesday (circle lab day) CEEES/SC 10110-20110 Planet Earth Laboratory Laboratory #3: Identification of Minerals (99 points total) Readings: Chapters 1 & 2, Laboratory Manual (from the web),

More information

The Study of Minerals (Chapter 1) Introduction to Mineral Identification THE SILICATE MINERALS

The Study of Minerals (Chapter 1) Introduction to Mineral Identification THE SILICATE MINERALS GEOLOGY 306 Laboratory Instructor: TERRY J. BOROUGHS NAME: The Study of Minerals (Chapter 1) Introduction to Mineral Identification THE SILICATE MINERALS For this assignment you will require: a streak

More information

Chapter 1 Lecture Outline. Matter and Minerals

Chapter 1 Lecture Outline. Matter and Minerals Chapter 1 Lecture Outline Matter and Minerals Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Minerals are the building blocks of rocks Minerals important in human history Flint and chert for weapons and tools Gold,

More information

Lab 4: Mineral Identification April 14, 2009

Lab 4: Mineral Identification April 14, 2009 Name: Lab 4: Mineral Identification April 14, 2009 While about 3000 minerals have been recognized as valid species, very few of these are commonly seen. Comprehensive mineralogy texts typically deal with

More information

Chapter 4. Rocks and Minerals: Documents that Record Earth's History

Chapter 4. Rocks and Minerals: Documents that Record Earth's History Chapter 4 Rocks and Minerals: Documents that Record Earth's History What can Minerals Tell Us? 1. Minerals may contain radioactive elements that can be used for radiometric age dating. 2. Minerals that

More information

2. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? 1. calcite 3. pyrite 2. halite 4.

2. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? 1. calcite 3. pyrite 2. halite 4. RM2 JRQ Mr. Chase Name Date: 1. Base your answer on the information, table, and photographs (see image) and on your knowledge of Earth science. "Herkimer Diamonds" Gem-quality "Herkimer Diamonds" are hexagonal-shaped

More information

Atoms, Molecules and Minerals

Atoms, Molecules and Minerals Atoms, Molecules and Minerals Atoms Matter The smallest unit of an element that retain its properties Molecules - a small orderly group of atoms that possess specific properties - H 2 O Small nucleus surrounded

More information

Minerals. Gypsum Crystals - Mexico

Minerals. Gypsum Crystals - Mexico Minerals Gypsum Crystals - Mexico Rocks Rocks are Earth materials made from minerals. Most rocks have more than one kind of mineral. Example: Granite Potassium feldspar. Plagioclase Feldspar. Quartz. Hornblende.

More information

Minerals. Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding. Definition of a Mineral 2-1

Minerals. Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding. Definition of a Mineral 2-1 Minerals In order to define a what we mean by a mineral we must first make some definitions: 2-1 Most of the Earth s surface is composed of rocky material. An element is a substance which cannot be broken

More information

Atoms>>>Elements>>>Minerals>>>Rocks>>>Continents>>>Planet

Atoms>>>Elements>>>Minerals>>>Rocks>>>Continents>>>Planet Introduction to Minerals It s all about scale: Atoms>>>Elements>>>Minerals>>>Rocks>>>Continents>>>Planet Basic Chem: Atomic Structure Atom: smallest unit of an element that possesses the properties of

More information

This is how we classify minerals! Silicates and Non-Silicates

This is how we classify minerals! Silicates and Non-Silicates Why are some minerals harder than others? Their atomic structure and chemical formula. This is how we classify minerals! Silicates and Non-Silicates Part #1 - Silicates: Silicon and Oxygen make up 70%

More information

MINERALS TAKE HOME QUIZ

MINERALS TAKE HOME QUIZ NAME 1. Which is an accurate statement about rocks? A) Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth. B) Rocks seldom undergo change. C) Most rocks contain fossils. D) Most rocks have several

More information

Name: Minerals and more minerals

Name: Minerals and more minerals 1. The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer. 6. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 2 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 2 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 2 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

1 st shell holds 2 electrons. 2 nd shell holds 8 electrons

1 st shell holds 2 electrons. 2 nd shell holds 8 electrons ATOM INDIVISIBLE ELEMENTS - Nucleus = protons (+ charge) & neutrons (no charge ) - Electrons (- charge) orbit the nucleus in shells of 2, 8, 8 electrons (inner orbit outward) - Atomic number = number of

More information

4. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools.

4. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools. Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral. 1. The luster of this mineral could

More information

Chapter 4 Minerals Sec. 4.1 What is a Mineral?

Chapter 4 Minerals Sec. 4.1 What is a Mineral? Chapter 4 Minerals Sec. 4.1 What is a Mineral? Minerals Earth s crust is composed of about 3000 minerals. Besides forming rocks and shaping Earth s surface, some minerals have helped to develop civilization.

More information

Lab 3: Minerals and the rock cycle. Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin:

Lab 3: Minerals and the rock cycle. Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin: Geology 101 Name(s): Lab 3: Minerals and the rock cycle Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin: Igneous rocks (from the Latin word, ignis = fire) are composed of minerals

More information

Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification

Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification Student Name: College: Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification Grade: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this lab is to learn the characteristics of minerals,

More information

Geology 103 Planet Earth (QR II), Laboratory Exercises 1. Minerals

Geology 103 Planet Earth (QR II), Laboratory Exercises 1. Minerals Geology 103 Planet Earth (QR II), Laboratory Exercises 1 Student Name: Section: Minerals Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids with a characteristic chemical composition. Most

More information

Minerals and Rocks. Minerals

Minerals and Rocks. Minerals Minerals and Rocks Minerals What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or a D if

More information

Unit 2: Minerals and Rocks Practice Questions

Unit 2: Minerals and Rocks Practice Questions Name: Date: 1. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? 6. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the photograph of a sample of gneiss below.

More information

A mineral is a- In order for a substance to be called a mineral, it must have of the characteristics described in this definition.

A mineral is a- In order for a substance to be called a mineral, it must have of the characteristics described in this definition. Section 1 Minerals Minerals A mineral is a- In order for a substance to be called a mineral, it must have of the characteristics described in this definition. Inorganic A mineral must be inorganic, or

More information

Time to see your. Registration November

Time to see your. Registration November Time to see your advisor Registration November 16-20 http://www.myspace.com/over60agelesslady 5 points Extra Credit Seminar this week in NS 103 Wednesday November 11, noon to 1 Attend, write a ½ to 1 page

More information

About Earth Materials

About Earth Materials Grotzinger Jordan Understanding Earth Sixth Edition Chapter 3: EARTH MATERIALS Minerals and Rocks 2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company About Earth Materials All Earth materials are composed of atoms bound

More information

Introduction to Prospecting. Session Three Minerals

Introduction to Prospecting. Session Three Minerals Introduction to Prospecting Session Three Minerals Mineral: Solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence with a specific elemental composition and crystal structure. Rock: An aggregate of minerals.

More information

CH 4- MINERALS OBJECTIVES: Identify characteristics and formations of minerals. Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS:

CH 4- MINERALS OBJECTIVES: Identify characteristics and formations of minerals. Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS: OBJECTIVES: CH 4- MINERALS Identify characteristics and formations of minerals Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS: MINERAL: WHAT IS A MINERAL? A naturally occurring Inorganic Solid

More information

ALLEGHENY COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY STUDENT HANDBOOK

ALLEGHENY COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY STUDENT HANDBOOK ALLEGHENY COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY STUDENT HANDBOOK This handbook is designed as a resource for all geology majors and minors. The material contained in the handbook includes foundation principles

More information

Minerals. [Most] rocks are [mostly] made of minerals, so identification and interpretation depends on recognizing

Minerals. [Most] rocks are [mostly] made of minerals, so identification and interpretation depends on recognizing Minerals [Most] rocks are [mostly] made of minerals, so identification and interpretation depends on recognizing Over mineral types have been described, but only about account for the bulk of most rocks.

More information

Minerals. [Most] rocks are [mostly] made of minerals, so identification and interpretation depends on recognizing

Minerals. [Most] rocks are [mostly] made of minerals, so identification and interpretation depends on recognizing Minerals [Most] rocks are [mostly] made of minerals, so identification and interpretation depends on recognizing Over mineral types have been described, but only about account for the bulk of most rocks.

More information

Practice Test Rocks and Minerals. Name. Page 1

Practice Test Rocks and Minerals. Name. Page 1 Name Practice Test Rocks and Minerals 1. Which rock would be the best source of the mineral garnet? A) basalt B) limestone C) schist D) slate 2. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite

More information

Full file at

Full file at Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks 2 Learning Objectives After reading, studying, and discussing the chapter, students should be able to: List the definitive characteristics that qualify certain Earth

More information

QUARTZ (SiO 2 ) FROM ARKANSAS

QUARTZ (SiO 2 ) FROM ARKANSAS Minerals [Most] rocks are [mostly] made of minerals, so rock identification and interpretation depends on recognizing the types, abundances, and arrangement of mineral grains. Over 4000 mineral types have

More information

The Use of Minerals. Chapter 3

The Use of Minerals. Chapter 3 Section 3 The Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals The Use of Minerals Metallic Minerals are good conductors of heat and electricity. They can be processed for various uses, including building aircraft,

More information

LAB 2: SILICATE MINERALS

LAB 2: SILICATE MINERALS GEOLOGY 640: Geology through Global Arts and Artifacts LAB 2: SILICATE MINERALS FRAMEWORK SILICATES The framework silicates quartz and feldspar are the most common minerals in Earth s crust. Quartz (SiO

More information

Introduction to Geology

Introduction to Geology Introduction to Geology Why the heck would you want to take a geology class? 1) Geology is responsible for supplying many of the things we need. 2) Geology is closely related to the environment, which

More information

Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks Chapter 4

Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks Chapter 4 Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks Chapter 4 The French are bred to die for love They delight in fighting duels But I prefer a man who lives And gives expensive jewls A kill on the hand may be quite continental

More information

Minerals. Natural Solid Inorganic Definite chemical composition Crystal structure due to internal arrangement of atoms

Minerals. Natural Solid Inorganic Definite chemical composition Crystal structure due to internal arrangement of atoms Minerals Natural Solid Inorganic Definite chemical composition Crystal structure due to internal arrangement of atoms http://www.minerals.net/gemstone/index.htm http://www.mii.org/www.mii.org General Facts

More information

Chapter 2 Minerals Section 1 Matter Elements and the Periodic Table

Chapter 2 Minerals Section 1 Matter Elements and the Periodic Table Chapter 2 Minerals Section 1 Matter Key Concepts What is an element? What particles make up atoms? What are isotopes? What are compounds and why do they form? How do chemical bonds differ? Vocabulary element

More information

Rocks and Minerals C Key. Science Olympiad North Regional Tournament at the University of Florida

Rocks and Minerals C Key. Science Olympiad North Regional Tournament at the University of Florida Rocks and Minerals C Key Science Olympiad North Regional Tournament at the University of Florida Station 1 Answer: Azurite 2. What is the chemical formula Answer: Cu 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 3. What element

More information

Lecture 3: Earth Materials and their Properties I: Minerals. Introduction to the Earth System EAS 2200

Lecture 3: Earth Materials and their Properties I: Minerals. Introduction to the Earth System EAS 2200 Lecture 3: Earth Materials and their Properties I: Minerals Introduction to the Earth System EAS 2200 Earth Materials Plan of the Why it matters Nature of the Earth/Composition The Solid Earth Mineral

More information

Lab 2: The rock cycle, minerals and igneous rocks. Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin:

Lab 2: The rock cycle, minerals and igneous rocks. Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin: Geology 101 Name(s): Lab 2: The rock cycle, minerals and igneous rocks Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin: Igneous rocks (from the Latin word, ignis = fire) are

More information

The most common elements that make up minerals are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium

The most common elements that make up minerals are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium Mineralogy: The Study of Minerals and their Properties A Mineral! Occurs! Is a! Is a substance (element or compound)! Has atoms arrange in an orderly pattern ( )! Is (not formed by any process involving

More information

it must be it must be it must have been formed by it must have it must have

it must be it must be it must have been formed by it must have it must have 6. Minerals II (p. 78-87) What is a mineral? The five characteristics required in order for a compound to be a mineral are: it must be it must be it must have been formed by it must have it must have Characteristics

More information

Lab 3: Minerals, the rock cycle and igneous rocks. Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin:

Lab 3: Minerals, the rock cycle and igneous rocks. Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin: Geology 101 Name(s): Lab 3: Minerals, the rock cycle and igneous rocks Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin: Igneous rocks (from the Latin word, ignis = fire) are

More information

INTRODUCTION. From the earliest time, man has found important uses of minerals.

INTRODUCTION. From the earliest time, man has found important uses of minerals. CHAPTER 2: MINERALS INTRODUCTION From the earliest time, man has found important uses of minerals. E.g. clay for bricks and pottery; quartz and jade for weapons, garnet, amethyst and other coloured stones

More information

Field Trips. Field Trips

Field Trips. Field Trips Field Trips Saturday field trips have been scheduled October 9, October 23 and December 4 Last all day (9:00 AM to 4:00 PM) Bus transportation provided from campus Joint with GG101 laboratory, GG101 Section

More information

Minerals. Elements and Minerals

Minerals. Elements and Minerals Minerals Gypsum Crystals (actual size) Elements and Minerals 87 naturally occurring elements 12 are found in the earth s crust in amounts >1% These twelve make up 99% of the mass of the crust. 70% of the

More information

Station A. 3. The amount of time it takes molten rock to cool and harden mainly affects the rock s. A. Color B. Mass C. Crystals D.

Station A. 3. The amount of time it takes molten rock to cool and harden mainly affects the rock s. A. Color B. Mass C. Crystals D. Station A 1. Specimen AA is. A. Limestone B. Quartzite C. Basalt D. Slate 2. Specimen AA is. A. Metamorphic B. Igneous C. Sedimentary D. None of the above 3. The amount of time it takes molten rock to

More information

ROCKS & MINERALS UNIT. 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science

ROCKS & MINERALS UNIT. 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science ROCKS & MINERALS UNIT 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science Characteristics of Minerals 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science Class Notes Mineral Characteristics Naturally occurring formed by natural processes Inorganic

More information

Ms. Terry J. Boroughs American River College Geology 300 Introduction to Geological Concepts and/or Principles and Minerals

Ms. Terry J. Boroughs American River College Geology 300 Introduction to Geological Concepts and/or Principles and Minerals DATE DUE: Name: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs American River College Geology 300 Introduction to Geological Concepts and/or Principles and Minerals Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the

More information

Rocks and Minerals. Tillery, Chapter 19. Solid Earth Materials

Rocks and Minerals. Tillery, Chapter 19. Solid Earth Materials Rocks and Minerals Tillery, Chapter 19 Science 330 Summer 2007 No other planet in the solar system has the unique combination of fluids of Earth. Earth has a surface that is mostly covered with liquid

More information

Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20

Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20 Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20 Emily and Megan Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Elements of Earth by weight Made of atoms Earth

More information

Emily and Megan. Earth System Science. Elements of Earth by weight. Crust Elements, by weight. Minerals. Made of atoms Earth is mostly iron, by weight

Emily and Megan. Earth System Science. Elements of Earth by weight. Crust Elements, by weight. Minerals. Made of atoms Earth is mostly iron, by weight Emily and Megan Chapter 20 MINERALS AND ROCKS Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Elements of Earth by weight Made of atoms Earth

More information

Chapter 4 Minerals. If you look around the natural environment, you will probably WHAT ARE MINERALS?

Chapter 4 Minerals. If you look around the natural environment, you will probably WHAT ARE MINERALS? Chapter 4 Minerals WHAT ARE MINERALS? If you look around the natural environment, you will probably see two kinds of things: living and nonliving. Plants and animals are parts of the living environment.

More information

Crust Elements. Elements of Earth. Minerals. Crystals. Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air

Crust Elements. Elements of Earth. Minerals. Crystals. Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Emily and Megan Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Made of atoms Earth is mostly iron, by weight Elements of Earth Made of atoms

More information

5. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples.

5. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples. 1. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine? A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite 2. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite. The calcite breaks in smooth,

More information

CHAPTER 1: MINERALS: DEFINITION, PROPERTIES AND OCCURRENCES. Sarah Lambart

CHAPTER 1: MINERALS: DEFINITION, PROPERTIES AND OCCURRENCES. Sarah Lambart CHAPTER 1: MINERALS: DEFINITION, PROPERTIES AND OCCURRENCES Sarah Lambart CONTENT OF CHAPTER 1 Goal: learn how to describe and classify minerals 3 elements of classification: chemistry, structure and environment

More information

MINERALS MEGA PACKET

MINERALS MEGA PACKET 1. Which rock would be the best source of the mineral garnet? A) basalt B) limestone C) schist D) slate 2. Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated? A) limestone

More information

Quartz. ! Naturally occurring - formed by nature. ! Solid - not liquid or gas. Liquid water is not a mineral

Quartz. ! Naturally occurring - formed by nature. ! Solid - not liquid or gas. Liquid water is not a mineral GEOL 110 - Minerals, Igneous Rocks Minerals Diamond Azurite Quartz Why Study Minerals?! Rocks = aggregates of minerals! Importance to Society?! Importance to Geology? 5 part definition, must satisfy all

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 1) What is the approximate density of a mineral with a mass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubic centimeters of water? A) 6.1 g/cm 3 C) 1.8 g/cm 3 B) 5.7 g/cm 3 D) 12.2 g/cm 3 2) In which two Earth

More information

Geology Topics Minerals

Geology Topics Minerals Geology Topics Minerals RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described

More information

Lecture Outline Wednesday - Monday January 24-29, 2018

Lecture Outline Wednesday - Monday January 24-29, 2018 Lecture Outline Wednesday - Monday January 24-29, 2018 Lecture Quiz Friday January 26, 2018 Where: Webster 16 Type of question: Multiple choice and identification of features from slides 3-4 short answer

More information

Minerals. What are minerals and how do we classify them?

Minerals. What are minerals and how do we classify them? Minerals What are minerals and how do we classify them? 1 Minerals! Minerals are the ingredients needed to form the different types of rocks! Rock - is any naturally formed solid that is part of Earth

More information

Learning Target.. I Can.. Identify the differences between a mineral and a rock.

Learning Target.. I Can.. Identify the differences between a mineral and a rock. Rocks and Minerals Learning Target.. n I Can.. Identify the differences between a mineral and a rock. What is a mineral? A mineral o Is a Inorganic solid formed in nature (Inorganic -- not living or ever

More information

ESS 439 Lab 2 Examine Optical Properties of Minerals

ESS 439 Lab 2 Examine Optical Properties of Minerals ESS 439 Lab 2 Examine Optical Properties of Minerals The optical properties depend on the manner that visible light is transmitted through the crystal, and thus are dependent on mineral s Crystal Structure

More information

Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS II Silicate and Carbonate Rock-Forming Minerals

Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS II Silicate and Carbonate Rock-Forming Minerals Student Name: College: Grade: Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS II Silicate and Carbonate Rock-Forming Minerals I. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this lab is you will improve your mineral identification

More information

Composition of the Earth: Minerals and Rocks

Composition of the Earth: Minerals and Rocks Composition of the Earth: Minerals and Rocks Objectives: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between minerals and rocks. Students will identify common minerals and rocks found

More information