MINERAL AND ROCKS STUDY GUIDE

Transcription

1 Name: CIass: Date: _ ID: A MINERAL AND ROCKS STUDY GUIDE Modified TruelFalse Indicate whether the statement is true or falseo lffalse, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. l. Minerals are always formed from previously living substances. _ 2. The atoms in a mineral are arranged in an orderly. repeating pattem. _ 3. There are verv few minerals that are useful to human beings. _ 4. When gemstones come out ofthe ground, they look exactly as they appear in jewelry. _ 5. Rocks sometimes contains organic material. 6. The three classifications of rocks are igneous, metamorphic, and sedentarv. _ 7. Slate is used to make durable, fireproofroofing shingles. _ 8. Wind and rain can break down exposed rack. _ 9. Rain carries sediment to low-iying areas called bowls where it is deposited. _ 10. Colliding tectonic plates can push rocks deep below Earth's surface where it melts and forms sediment. 11. Marble is hard and abrasive, making it a good polishing and c1eaning product. _ Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement OY answers the question. 1. One ofthe softest minerals is a. topaz b. quartz c. tale d. amethyst 2. All minerals share the following characteristics EXCEPT that of. a. being formed by natural processes b. being formed from living organisms c. being solids d. having the atoms within the mineral arranged in a pattem 3. Muscovite mica will peel off in flat sheets. This is an example oftbe physical characteristic called o a. hardness C. fracture b. streak d. cleavage

2 Name: _ ID: A 4. Ca1citewill scratch gypsum. This is an example of the physical characteristics called o a. hardness C. fractnre b. streak d. cleavage o 5. lfthe cost of separating a mineral from waste rock becomes too great, the mineral may no longer be classified as an ore. This happens because a. the mineral can no longer be mined at a profit b. the mineral has lost its usefulness C. the demand for the mineral has decreased d. none of the above 6. Igneous rocks that form the surface are intrusive. a. above C. on b. below d. all of the above Igneous coolinv ;#1 Heat and 'o' pressure 8 ~elting ~ Weathering and erosion Metamorphic 7. The rock cycle indicates that each type ofrock can o a. provide materials to make other rocks b. form other rocks C. be changed by forces at Earth's surface d. al! of the above 8. The shows how one rock changes into another. a. rock cycle C. formation of crystals b. melting process d. none ofthe above 9. Sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by o a. compaction C. cementation b. weathering and erosion d. heat and pressure 2

3 Name: _ ID: A lo. Igneous rocks form from when it cools. a. magma b. lava c. neither a nor b d. both a and b 11. The molten material deep inside Earth from which igneous rocks form is called o a. magma C. neither a nor b b. lava d. both a and b 12. Foliated rocks are distinguished by o a. layers b. lack oflayers c. large mineral grains d. air holes 13. All ofthe following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT a. exposure lo air C. heat b. the presence of hot, watery fluids d. pressure 14. Sedimentary rocks are o a. formed from magma b. a type offoliated igneous rock C. formed because of changes in temperature and pressure, or the presence of hot watery fluids d. formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or when minerals form from solutions 15. A rock is always o a. made of molten material b. a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or other materials C. formed by heat and pressure d. either igneous or sedimentary 16. The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce mineral grains. a. tiny C. fine-grained b. invisible d. large 17. When lava cools at Earth's surface, igneous rocks are formed. a. extrusive c. intrusive b. metamorphic d. coarse-grained 18. When magma cools deep inside Earth, igneous rocks are formed. a. extrusive C. detrital b. fine-grained d. intrusive 19. Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals are classified as a. nonfoliated C. foliated b. extrusive d. intrusive 3

4 Name: ID: A 20. Sediments in sedimentary racks are often o a. held together with natural cements b. formed when atoms of melted minerals rearrange themselves C. formed when lava erupts from a volcano d. forrned by magma trapped below Earth's surface 21. Which ofthe following is not a par! ofthe definition of a mineral? a. inorganic b. man-made C. solid d. definite chemical composition 22. How do atoms forrn minerals? a. When magma cools, crystals are forrned. b. When water evaporates, particles of substances dissolved in the water form crystals. C. When wind and rain make contact with exposed rock, crystals are forrned. d. Both a and b are correct. 23. Which is an exarnple of a mineral being used in everyday life? a. Coal is used for heating. b. Mica is used in the manufacturing of cosmetics. C. Lumber is used to build shelters. d. all of the above 24. Rocks are classified based on a. the way they are formed b. their chemical make-up c. d. where they are found their usefulness 25. Two racks made up ofthe same substances can look different because ofwhich of the following? a. They formed in different ways. They will be classified as the same type of rock. b. They forrned at different times. They will be classified as the same type of rack. C. They fonned in different ways. They will be classified as different types of rock. d. They forrned at different times. They will be classified as different types of rack. 26. Rocks are used in a. building construction b. art c. road construction d. all oftbe above 27. The individual bits of mineral s, smaller rack fragments, organic matter and glass that make up a rock are called -- a. crystals C. sub-rock b. grams d. earth 28. What is one way rack material can melt into magma? a. It can come into contact with lava. b. It can be drawn undemeath Earth's surface along faults during the movement oftectonic plates. c. It can be in a place where the Sun shines directly on it for many hours. d. lt can be dropped down the shaft of a well that is no longer being used. 4

5 Name: ID: A 29. Uplift involves which of the following? a. the exposure ofnew rock material on Earth's surface b. movement of rock along tectonic plate edges c. mountain building d. all ofthe above 30. When does metamorphism occur? a. when rocks are subjected to wind and rain b. when sediment is laid down by water that is moving too slowly to carry it any longer c. when rocks are subjected to bigh temperatures and pressure d. when lava cools and crystallizes Completion Complete each statement. 1. Sandstone is a(n) rock. 2. Granite is a(n) rock. 3. Slate is a(n) rock. 4. Limestone is a(n) rock. 5. Materials that were once alive contain and are not minerals. 6. Magma that cools slowly grows crystals than magma that cools quickly. 7. Jacob's little sister is looking at a display ofminerals at tbe natural science museum and yells, "Oh, shiny!" She is comrnenting on the ofthe mineral. 8. Gemstones are generally than quartz. 9. Rocks are classified based on. 10. AII metamorphic rocks have a rock tbat was squeezed, heated, or exposed to a hot fluido 11. metamorphic rock, such as slate, rnakes good roofing shingle material. Matching Match each term with the correct statement below. a. magma c. b. identify d. solid crystals 1. A mineral is an inorganic with a unique crystal structure. 2. Some minerals are formed when cools. 5

6 Name: _ ID: A 3. When liquid evaporates, atoms of any dissolved minerals stay behind and form _ 4. Tests for hardness and streak help minerals. Match each term with the correct statement be/ow. a. luster d. b. cleavage e. c. fracture f. hardness color streak 5. color of a powdered mineral 6. a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched 7. the tendency of a mineral to break along a smooth, flat surface 8. how light is reflected from a mineral 9. the distinctive yellow of sulfur 10. the tendency of minerals to break with rough or jagged surfaces Match each statement with the correct item below. a. marble c. slate b. erosion 11. the movement of weathered material 12. a kind offoliated metamorphic rock 13. a kind ofnonfoliated metamorphic rock 6