You now know that there are many materials that can be mistaken
|
|
- Harriet Bradford
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 15 Mineral Properties R EA D I N G You now know that there are many materials that can be mistaken for diamonds. Yet diamonds are usually the most expensive. What makes diamonds special? Find out more about diamonds in the reading below. CHALLENGE What makes diamonds a valuable natural resource? MATERIALS For each student 1 completed Student Sheet 13.1, Data on the Earring Material 1 Student Sheet 15.1, Three-Level Reading Guide: Mineral Properties READING Use Student Sheet 15.1, Three-Level Reading Guide: Mineral Properties to guide you as you complete the following reading. Diamonds are Minerals Gemstones such as diamonds, rubies, and emeralds are highly valued because they are rare, beautiful, and last a long time. All of these gemstones are minerals (MIN-er-uls). Minerals are non-living materials that are found naturally on earth. Most minerals are solids and each one has a particular internal structure, because each one is made of a specific set of atoms that are arranged in a repeating pattern, called a crystalline (KRIS-ta-lin) structure. In the right environment, minerals form large crystals because of their crystalline structure. B-14
2 Mineral Properties Activity 15 Figure 1: Diamond Crystal Diamonds are made of carbon atoms arranged in the crystalline structure shown in the diagram on the left.this structure results in the octahedral crystal shape of many rough diamonds, above at right. Fluorite is a non-living solid found naturally on earth. It is made of calcium and fluorine atoms arranged in a crystalline structure similar to that of diamonds (see Figure 1). For these reasons, fluorite is a mineral. Acrylic and glass are not minerals. Acrylic is a plastic that is made by people, and glass does not have an internal crystalline structure. The table below lists some common minerals. Which of these minerals do you recognize? Which of these minerals do you use? Some Common Minerals Mineral May also be called Some Common Uses corundum rubies, sapphires jewelry fluorite fluoride, fluorspar toothpaste, industrial processes galena lead ceramics, electronics, ammunition halite salt, rock salt table salt, melt snow on roads native copper copper, pure copper, wiring, plumbing (past) elemental copper mineral specimens (today) quartz quartz crystal watches, radios, jewelry silver jewelry, electronics, photography There are more than 2,000 different minerals, and most of them are not as expensive as diamonds. This is because minerals are found in something that you see everyday: rocks. Rocks are made of minerals. Some of these minerals are very common, while other minerals are harder to find. Large pieces of certain minerals, like diamond, are the B-15
3 Activity 15 Mineral Properties hardest to find and are the most valuable. The minerals in most rocks are small, as you can see in Figure 2, below. Figure 2: Minerals in Rocks Most rocks, like those shown in the photo, are made up of more than one mineral. It is easier to see the different minerals in some rocks than it is in others. Identifying Minerals With so many different minerals, it is important to be able to tell one mineral from another. In Activity 13, Diamond Dilemma, you made many observations of a mineral. Observations like the ones you made can be used to identify different minerals, and are called properties. Minerals can be classified according to their properties the characteristics that make them unique. Color is one property that people sometimes use to identify minerals. Many minerals that are used to make jewelry are known for their beautiful colors. Diamonds are usually colorless, but sometimes they are gray, yellow, or even pink. Because a mineral like a diamond may be found in different colors, color alone cannot be the only property used to identify a mineral. Some minerals are soft, while others are hard. Hardness is another property used to identify minerals. In 1822, the German scientist Friedrich Mohs created a scale to rank the hardness of a mineral from 1 to 10. He scratched one mineral with another. The mineral that was scratched was softer than the other.talc, a soft mineral used in talcum powder, has a hardness of 1. Diamond, the hardest mineral on earth, has a hardness of 10. You can see the Mohs Hardness Scale in Figure 3. Today, scientists have created other hardness scales, but the Mohs Scale is still the easiest to use. On the Mohs Scale, minerals with higher numbers can scratch minerals with lower numbers. Diamonds can be used to scratch any other mineral, but no other mineral except another diamond can scratch a diamond. This doesn t mean that a diamond cannot break. If hit hard enough, a diamond will break into smaller pieces. B-16
4 Mineral Properties Activity 15 Figure 3: Mohs Hardness Scale Compare the hardness of the minerals to some everyday materials. What material(s) could scratch fluorite? What material(s) could scratch corundum? EVERYDAY MATERIALS HARDEST 10 Diamond MINERALS 9 Corundum 8 Topaz Steel 7 Quartz 6 Orthoclase Glass 5 Aptite Platinum 4 Fluorite Fingernail 3 Calcite Native copper Silver 2 Gypsum 1 SOFTEST Talc Graphite (pencil lead) B-17
5 Activity 15 Mineral Properties There are many other properties that can be used to identify minerals. Geologists (gee-all-oh-jists) are people who study rocks, minerals, and other non-living parts of the earth. Geologists also use properties, such as the color a mineral makes when rubbed on a white ceramic plate (called streak color) and the way a mineral usually breaks (called cleavage), to accurately identify a sample. Since each mineral has a unique set of properties, geologists can tell when a yellow stone is a diamond and not another yellow mineral, like topaz. Finding Minerals Many valuable minerals were formed in the earth over thousands of years. Most of the easy-to-find, valuable minerals have been collected already. To gather minerals today, people usually have to dig into the surface of the earth. They remove large pieces of rock and break them into smaller pieces to find particular minerals. This process is known as mining. The world s deepest diamond mine is in South Africa, and it is already over 3.5 kilometers (2.1 miles) deep. Because not all minerals are found everywhere on earth, people mine for particular minerals in certain parts of the world. For example, diamonds are commonly mined in the countries of Canada, Botswana, South Africa, Russia, and Australia. (See Figure 4.) Canada Russia Botswana Australia South Africa Figure 4: Some Countries that Produce Diamonds Countries that produce a lot of diamonds are shown in orange. B-18
6 Mineral Properties Activity 15 Today, not all minerals are mined from the earth. Some can now be created in laboratories and are called synthetic (sin-thet-ik). Even though synthetic mineral substitutes are made by humans, they are not fake. They have the same structure and other properties as the natural mineral. But synthetics are not defined as minerals since they are not found naturally on earth. ANALYSIS 1. a. Create a concept map using the following 10 words: rocks minerals diamonds fluorite geologists properties color hardness Mohs Hardness Scale crystalline structure b. Add at least five more words related to minerals to your concept map. Choose words that show what you now know about minerals. 2. What makes diamonds a valuable natural resource? 3. Does the size of a mineral affect its properties? 4. Look at Student Sheet 13.1, Data on the Earring Material, from Activity 13, Diamond Dilemma. Besides color and hardness, what are some other properties that can be used to identify a mineral? 5. Look at Student Sheet 13.1 again. Compare your observations to the Mohs Hardness Scale. Is the hardness of the earring material most likely to be 1, 4, or 8? Explain your reasoning. B-19
7 Activity 15 Mineral Properties EXTENSION 1 Do you want to see more minerals? Bring in any minerals you may have collected to share with your class or go the Issues and Earth Science page of the SEPUP website to link to sites with photos of valuable gemstones and other minerals. EXTENSION 2 Minerals like diamonds get their shape when they are formed in the earth when molten rock cools. Minerals that can dissolve in water form crystals as the water evaporates. To try this yourself, dissolve as much salt or epsomite (epsom salts) as you can in some warm water. Pour the solution into a large open jar. Next, tie a piece of string around the middle of a pencil and place the pencil across the mouth of the jar. Let a small length of the string dip into the solution. Keep the jar as still as possible as you allow the water to evaporate (the more water you use, the longer it will take to evaporate). Examine the crystals that form on the string, either with a magnifying lens or a microscope. Will all of the crystals from a single mineral have the same crystal shape? What is your prediction? B-20
Minerals and Rocks. Minerals
Minerals and Rocks Minerals What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or a D if
More informationJessica, it s time to clean up your closet, said her dad. If you
Rocks and Minerals Jessica, it s time to clean up your closet, said her dad. If you want us to give you anything new for your birthday, you have...to make some room in there. Jessica stood in front of
More informationName: Minerals and more minerals
1. The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer. 6. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces
More informationWhat do these products have in common?
What is a mineral? 4000 minerals on Earth!!!! A naturally occurring, inorganic solid crystalline substance with a definite chemical composition. A mineral must have these 5 major aspects: Naturally occurring
More informationThe Use of Minerals. Chapter 3
Section 3 The Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals The Use of Minerals Metallic Minerals are good conductors of heat and electricity. They can be processed for various uses, including building aircraft,
More informationNaturally occurring means minerals are found and made in nature, not laboratories.
What are Minerals How important are minerals to you? Minerals are very important, actually. Almost everything you own and use was manufacture using as least some minerals. You own or encounter many things
More informationChapter Introduction. Cycle Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Minerals Rocks The Rock Cycle Chapter Wrap-Up How are minerals and rocks formed, identified, classified, and used? What do you think? Before you begin, decide
More informationESS Minerals. Lee. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.
Name: ESS Minerals Pd. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral? (A) garnet (B) magnetite (C) olivine (D) quartz
More information4th Grade Earth Materials Assessment
Name: Date: 1. Max collects rocks, gems, and crystals. Which is made up of two or more different minerals? A. minerals B. gems C. rock D. crystals 2. The picture below shows a rock. The arrow is pointing
More informationCH 4- MINERALS OBJECTIVES: Identify characteristics and formations of minerals. Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS:
OBJECTIVES: CH 4- MINERALS Identify characteristics and formations of minerals Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS: MINERAL: WHAT IS A MINERAL? A naturally occurring Inorganic Solid
More informationROCKS AND MINERALS E J C H O N O U R S D A Y
ROCKS AND MINERALS E J C H O N O U R S D A Y 2 0 1 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ROCKS AND MINERALS MINERALS Solid formations that occur naturally in the earth Have a unique chemical composition Defined by its
More information9/11/2017 ROCKS AND MINERALS UNIT 1. Observing Natural Resources. Lab 3
ROCKS AND MINERALS UNIT 1 Observing Natural Resources Lab 3 1 Vocabulary: Natural Resource: Any naturally occurring substance that is useful Renewable: Able to be replenished Non-renewable: Not easily
More informationMinerals Please do not write on this test packet.
Please do not write on this test packet. 1. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohs hardness scale compared with the hardness of some common objects. 2. Base your answer to the following question
More informationLearning Target.. I Can.. Identify the differences between a mineral and a rock.
Rocks and Minerals Learning Target.. n I Can.. Identify the differences between a mineral and a rock. What is a mineral? A mineral o Is a Inorganic solid formed in nature (Inorganic -- not living or ever
More informationMinerals, Rocks, and Soils Science Study Guide 3 rd Grade
Name Test Date: VOCABULARY Understand and study the following vocabulary words. Use the attached flashcards (draw a picture to go with each) - rock, streak, sedimentary rock, igneous rock, metamorphic
More informationComposition of the Earth: Minerals and Rocks
Composition of the Earth: Minerals and Rocks Objectives: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between minerals and rocks. Students will identify common minerals and rocks found
More informationPeriods on the Periodic Table
Minerals Chapter 2 Matter Matter includes anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). It exists in 3 main states on Earth solid, liquid, and gas. Matter can be classified based on its physical
More informationTell me what the word aggregate means and at least three things aggregate is used to make.
Lesson Plan Scout s Geology Objective: After today s lesson, you will be able to Tell me what the word aggregate means and at least three things aggregate is used to make. List the steps in the mining
More informationCHAPTER 2 MINERALS. Group Presentation Notes
CHAPTER 2 MINERALS Group Presentation Notes DEFINITION OF A MINERAL A mineral is naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition. CHARACTERISTICS
More information4. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools.
Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral. 1. The luster of this mineral could
More informationMINERALS TAKE HOME QUIZ
NAME 1. Which is an accurate statement about rocks? A) Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth. B) Rocks seldom undergo change. C) Most rocks contain fossils. D) Most rocks have several
More informationRocks and Minerals TEKS ADDRESSED: NATIONAL SCIENCE STANDARDS: SUBJECT: Science. GRADES: 6 th (TEKS met); age appropriate 4 th -8 th grades
Rocks and Minerals SUBJECT: Science GRADES: 6 th (TEKS met); age appropriate 4 th -8 th grades ACTIVITY SUMMARY: Students will observe rock and mineral samples to learn about the basic properties of minerals
More informationMineral Identification
Mineral Identification! Mineral identification is a skill. " Requires learning diagnostic properties #Some properties are easily seen. $Color $Crystal shape #Some properties require handling or testing.
More informationPhysical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification
Student Name: College: Grade: Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this lab is to learn the characteristics of minerals,
More informationEarth s Resources. Earth s Surface
Earth s Resources Earth s Surface Earth s surface is made up of a layer of rock called the crust. The crust covers all of Earth. It is several miles thick. Most of the crust is under water. The upper part
More information2. Can you name any minerals? (Diamonds, quartz, salt, asbestos, sulfur, copper)
MINERALS ACTIVITY TWO PARTS The purpose of this lab is to introduce the concept of minerals. In the first part, Students will discuss the properties of minerals and observe examples of minerals. In the
More informationChapter 4 Minerals Sec. 4.1 What is a Mineral?
Chapter 4 Minerals Sec. 4.1 What is a Mineral? Minerals Earth s crust is composed of about 3000 minerals. Besides forming rocks and shaping Earth s surface, some minerals have helped to develop civilization.
More informationBe a mineral expert - 2 Identifying minerals using action tests - streak, density, hardness, acid test
Be a mineral expert - 2 Identifying minerals using action tests - streak, density, hardness, acid test This activity is an extension of Be a mineral expert -1: Beginning to identify minerals - introducing
More informationEarth Science Minerals. Moh s Scale of Hardness In which New York State landscape region was most of the garnet mined?
Name: ate: 1. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? A. calcite. halite C. pyrite. mica 2. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map
More informationUnit 2: Minerals and Rocks Practice Questions
Name: Date: 1. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? 6. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the photograph of a sample of gneiss below.
More informationMinerals By Patti Hutchison
Minerals By Patti Hutchison 1 Minerals. They are all around us. We eat them, wear them, and build with them. What is a mineral? How are they identified? What can we do with them? 2 Earth's crust is made
More informationWho Am I? S6E5 Science Rocks
Who Am I? S6E5 Science Rocks Chapter 2 Minerals and Rocks 1. I am naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. Who am I? 2. There are five characteristics
More information1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc
1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc 2. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D)
More informationGeology Topics Minerals
Geology Topics Minerals RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described
More informationBeyond the Book. FOCUS Book
FOCUS Book A diamond is a kind of crystal that forms deep underground. Use simple materials to model how crystals form. Add sugar to a cup of water, a little bit at a time. Stir it each time you add sugar.
More informationA mineral is a- In order for a substance to be called a mineral, it must have of the characteristics described in this definition.
Section 1 Minerals Minerals A mineral is a- In order for a substance to be called a mineral, it must have of the characteristics described in this definition. Inorganic A mineral must be inorganic, or
More informationENVI.2030L - Minerals
ENVI.2030L - Minerals Name I. Minerals Minerals are crystalline solids - the particles (atoms) that make-up the solid have a regular arrangement. In glasses, on the other hand, the atoms are not arranged
More informationMonday, April 21, 2014 Minerals Intro
Monday, April 21, 2014 Minerals Intro Warm Up: 1) Update Planners! 2) Reminders: STAAR Math tomorrow STAAR Reading Wednesday Do you know your testing room? Apr 21 7:21 AM Minerals Naturally occurring and
More informationChapter 2 Minerals Section 1 Matter Elements and the Periodic Table
Chapter 2 Minerals Section 1 Matter Key Concepts What is an element? What particles make up atoms? What are isotopes? What are compounds and why do they form? How do chemical bonds differ? Vocabulary element
More information1. A solid material made up of one or more minerals or grains or other substances, including the remains of once-living things is a.
1. A solid material made up of one or more minerals or grains or other substances, including the remains of once-living things is a. 2. A solid, inorganic material that forms naturally on or beneath Earth
More informationMinerals. What are minerals and how do we classify them?
Minerals What are minerals and how do we classify them? 1 Minerals! Minerals are the ingredients needed to form the different types of rocks! Rock - is any naturally formed solid that is part of Earth
More informationRocks and Minerals. Below Level. FOCUScurriculum
SCIENCE GRADE 4 Science Content Standards Earth Sciences: 4.A Earth Sciences: 4.B Below Level Rocks and Minerals FOCUScurriculum Curriculum materials for your content standards 33 Milford Drive, Suite
More informationStudying Rocks and Soil
Studying Rocks and Soil How do rocks form? Rocks Rock is found in nature. Rock is solid. It is nonliving matter. All rocks are made of one or more minerals. A mineral is a natural material that forms from
More information6/20/2018. Lesson 1 (Properties of Minerals) 6 th Grade. Earth s Structure Chapter 2: Minerals and Rocks. density =
6 th Grade Earth s Structure Chapter 2: Minerals and Rocks Mineral Lesson 1 (Properties of Minerals) a mineral must meet all four of the following requirements: 1. must be naturally-occurring (formed by
More informationEESC 4701: Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology IGNEOUS MINERALS LAB 1 HANDOUT
EESC 4701: Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology IGNEOUS MINERALS LAB 1 HANDOUT Sources: Cornell EAS302 lab, UMass Lowell 89.301 Mineralogy, LHRIC.org The Petrographic Microscope As you know, light is an electromagnetic
More information1. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 2. Which mineral leaves
1. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 2. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder when rubbed against an unglazed
More informationANSWER KEY. Rocks and Minerals Questions 1 8 Rock Classification Questions 9 16 The Rock Cycle Questions 17 20
This is the end of this test: ANSWER KEY Rocks and Minerals Questions 1 8 Rock Classification Questions 9 16 The Rock Cycle Questions 17 20 Follow your teacher s instructions to score and record the test.
More informationReview - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals
Review - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral.
More information2º ESO UNIT 2: The physical states of matter. Susana Morales Bernal
2º ESO UNIT 2: The physical states of matter Objectives 1. To know that in all the states of aggregation the matter has mass and takes a place although depending on the state, can have or not, form and
More informationFOURTH GRADE. students
FOURTH GRADE students ROCK CYCLE - CHEMISTRY (4) PRE Draw the number of electrons in the 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd orbitals around the nucleus of sodium and chlorine. Protons equal the Atomic Number. Neutrons
More informationAtoms>>>Elements>>>Minerals>>>Rocks>>>Continents>>>Planet
Introduction to Minerals It s all about scale: Atoms>>>Elements>>>Minerals>>>Rocks>>>Continents>>>Planet Basic Chem: Atomic Structure Atom: smallest unit of an element that possesses the properties of
More informationBefore Statement After
CHAPTER 3 Minerals LESSON 1 What is a mineral? What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the
More informationChapter 4. Rocks and Minerals: Documents that Record Earth's History
Chapter 4 Rocks and Minerals: Documents that Record Earth's History What can Minerals Tell Us? 1. Minerals may contain radioactive elements that can be used for radiometric age dating. 2. Minerals that
More informationUnit 2 Exam: Rocks & Minerals
Name: Date: 1. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the 2001 edition of the Earth Science Reference Tables, the map and cross section below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The shaded
More information2. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? 1. calcite 3. pyrite 2. halite 4.
RM2 JRQ Mr. Chase Name Date: 1. Base your answer on the information, table, and photographs (see image) and on your knowledge of Earth science. "Herkimer Diamonds" Gem-quality "Herkimer Diamonds" are hexagonal-shaped
More informationGeology 103 Planet Earth (QR II), Laboratory Exercises 1. Minerals
Geology 103 Planet Earth (QR II), Laboratory Exercises 1 Student Name: Section: Minerals Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids with a characteristic chemical composition. Most
More information8 th Earth Science Chapter 3 Minerals Name
Section 1 Minerals: 8 th Earth Science Chapter 3 Minerals Name Mineral About different minerals are found on Earth, but they all share four characteristics. 1.All minerals are formed by processes. These
More informationPhoto/Illustration Credits:
Photo/Illustration Credits: Cover: PHOTO 24/Getty Images; 2 Arnold Fisher/ Photo Researchers, Inc.; 3 Julie Woodhouse/Alamy; 4 (gypsum) Visuals Unlimited/Getty Images, (calcite) Julie Woodhouse/Alamy,
More informationSouthern Nevada Regional Professional Development Program. How do rocks react to vinegar?
3-5 Earth Science How do rocks react to vinegar? Collection of rocks Vinegar Plastic cup for each rock Small samples of calcite 1. Place the sample of calcite into a cup. 2. Pour about 25 ml of vinegar
More informationChapter 4 Minerals. If you look around the natural environment, you will probably WHAT ARE MINERALS?
Chapter 4 Minerals WHAT ARE MINERALS? If you look around the natural environment, you will probably see two kinds of things: living and nonliving. Plants and animals are parts of the living environment.
More informationStudy Guide for Test : Minerals, Rock Cycle & Mining
Name: Date: Period: Study Guide for Test : Minerals, Rock Cycle & Mining Copy of Class Notes at http://feldmannscience.weebly.com Access website by computer or mobile device! Tutoring offered after school
More informationEarth Rocks. Complete the following requirements: b. Explain why this kind of science is an important part of your world.
Preparation for: Geology Merit Badge Earth Rocks 2 den meetings to complete Takeaways Learning about the science of geology Identifying and testing rocks and minerals Performing geological investigations
More informationSuppose you were hiking and found a gleaming
Chapter Minerals Suppose you were hiking and found a gleaming chunk of metal like the one pictured here. Would you think that you had struck gold? Or would you know that you had found pyrite, sometimes
More informationPhysical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification
Student Name: College: Physical Geology 101 Laboratory MINERALS I Properties, Classification and Identification Grade: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this lab is to learn the characteristics of minerals,
More information10/8/15. Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks. I) Minerals. Minerals. (A) Definition: Topics: -- naturally occurring What are minerals?
minerals Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks I) Minerals Minerals Topics: What are minerals? Basic Chemistry Amethysts in geode: minerals Characteristics of Minerals Types of Minerals -- orderly arrangement
More informationMinerals II: Physical Properties and Crystal Forms. From:
Minerals II: Physical Properties and Crystal Forms From: http://webmineral.com/data/rhodochrosite.shtml The Physical Properties of Minerals Color Streak Luster Hardness External Crystal Form Cleavage The
More informationLayers of Earth - 3 distinct layers
Clicker Question What is the source of the energy that drives most earthquakes and volcanoes? A. Sunlight B. Radioactive decay inside the earth C. Meteorite impacts D. Ocean tides E. None of the above
More informationThe most common elements that make up minerals are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium
Mineralogy: The Study of Minerals and their Properties A Mineral! Occurs! Is a! Is a substance (element or compound)! Has atoms arrange in an orderly pattern ( )! Is (not formed by any process involving
More informationUnit 6 Lesson 1 Minerals. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral? What do minerals have in common? Not all minerals are sparkling gems, but they all have certain characteristics in common. A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid
More informationCopyright Crabtree Publishing. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses
Author Kelley MacAulay Publishing plan research and development Reagan Miller Notes to adults Reagan Miller Editor Crystal Sikkens Proofreader Wendy Scavuzzo Design Tammy McGarr Library and Archives Canada
More informationMinerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2. Based on: Earth Science, 10e
Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2 Based on: Earth Science, 10e Minerals: the building blocks of rocks Definition of a mineral Solid Inorganic Natural Crystalline Structure - Possess an orderly
More informationThe Study of Minerals (Chapter 1) Introduction to Mineral Identification THE SILICATE MINERALS
GEOLOGY 306 Laboratory Instructor: TERRY J. BOROUGHS NAME: The Study of Minerals (Chapter 1) Introduction to Mineral Identification THE SILICATE MINERALS For this assignment you will require: a streak
More informationRocks, Minerals, and Erosion. Do not duplicate without permission from Orange County Department of Education
Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion Do not duplicate without permission from Orange County Department of Education 4 th Grade Earth Science Standards 4. The properties of rocks and minerals reflect the processes
More informationit must be it must be it must have been formed by it must have it must have
6. Minerals II (p. 78-87) What is a mineral? The five characteristics required in order for a compound to be a mineral are: it must be it must be it must have been formed by it must have it must have Characteristics
More informationDate: UNIT FIVE. *Dedicated to:
Name: Date: UNIT FIVE Identify minerals and their chemical groups *Dedicated to: Name: Date: ABSTRACT T AND RATIONALE There is some overlap in the use of the term mineral and gemstone. Strictly speaking
More informationLab 3: Minerals and the rock cycle. Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin:
Geology 101 Name(s): Lab 3: Minerals and the rock cycle Rocks are divided into three major categories on the basis of their origin: Igneous rocks (from the Latin word, ignis = fire) are composed of minerals
More informationOFFICIAL MID-HUDSON VALLEY GEM & MINERAL SOCIETY (MHVG&MS) 2017 EARTH SCIENCE SCAVENGER HUNT QUESTIONNAIRE. New York s Gemstone
OFFICIAL MID-HUDSON VALLEY GEM & MINERAL SOCIETY (MHVG&MS) 2017 EARTH SCIENCE SCAVENGER HUNT QUESTIONNAIRE 2017 SHOW THEME Garnet -variety: ALMANDINE New York s Gemstone Please sign in at the Earth Science
More informationMinerals. Elements and Minerals
Minerals Gypsum Crystals (actual size) Elements and Minerals 87 naturally occurring elements 12 are found in the earth s crust in amounts >1% These twelve make up 99% of the mass of the crust. 70% of the
More informationStation A. 1. Specimen AA is. A. Granite B. Basalt C. Garnet Schist D. Gneiss
Station A 1. Specimen AA is. A. Granite B. Basalt C. Garnet Schist D. Gneiss 2. Specimen AA is. A. Metamorphic B. Igneous C. Sedimentary D. None of the above 3. Specimen AA reacts with hydrochloric acid
More informationPROFICIENCY REVIEW #2
PROFICIENCY REVIEW #2 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE? Nuclear BASED ON IT S POSITION ON THE PERIODIC TABLE, URANIUM IS A METAL. KNOW THE DIFFERENCE Convection movement of heat
More informationPHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY
PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. Engineering Geology Part one 1 2nd semester 2018/2019 Eng. Amany Assouli 1 INTRODUCTION: What is the engineering
More informationMinerals RMS. Mineral ID Rocks Soil
Minerals Moh Minerals RMS Mineral ID Rocks Soil 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 What is a naturally occurring,
More informationWhat is the density of the sphere below? Which of the following is part of a valid process for supporting a hypothesis?
Benchmark Review: What is the volume of the ring? What is the actual distance represented by 1 inch on the map below? When placed in water, ice rises to the top of the liquid. Unlike most solids that sink
More informationChapter 4. Diamonds are forever EARTH MATERIALS: MINERALS AND ROCKS. covalent bonds. ionic bonds of sodium chloride transfer or. exchange of electrons
Chapter 4 EARTH MATERIALS: MINERALS AND ROCKS Diamonds are forever Electron structure of the carbon atom (carbon-12). The electrons, each with a charge of 1, are represented as a negatively charged cloud
More informationMineral - a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition For the Love of God
Rocks & Minerals Mineral - a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition For the Love of God A platinum cast of a skull from an actual person
More informationIn an experiment, what s the difference between the manipulated variable and the responding variable?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In an experiment, what s the difference between the manipulated variable and the responding variable? In an experiment, what s the best way to represent parts of a whole? The mineral scratch
More informationLab 4: Mineral Identification April 14, 2009
Name: Lab 4: Mineral Identification April 14, 2009 While about 3000 minerals have been recognized as valid species, very few of these are commonly seen. Comprehensive mineralogy texts typically deal with
More informationHow minerals form. September 20, Mineral families and formation.notebook
How minerals form Minerals form (primarily) in 3 different ways: 1. From the cooling and hardening of magma and lava Oct 20 7:06 AM Whether the rock melt cools quickly or slowly, ions and elements within
More informationBase your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the information and diagrams below.
Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the information and diagrams below. Saltwater plants of the same species were grown in soil in separate containers with 1 liter of water. All of the plants
More informationQuartz. ! Naturally occurring - formed by nature. ! Solid - not liquid or gas. Liquid water is not a mineral
GEOL 110 - Minerals, Igneous Rocks Minerals Diamond Azurite Quartz Why Study Minerals?! Rocks = aggregates of minerals! Importance to Society?! Importance to Geology? 5 part definition, must satisfy all
More informationRock Star Event Leader Instructions
2011 Event Leader Instructions There are 10 stations. If you have more than 10 teams print an additional set of stations or add your own. Set up the room to accommodate a rotation, be sure to point out
More informationScience & Literacy Activity GRADES 9-12
Science & Literacy Activity GRADES 9-12 OVERVIEW This activity, which is aligned to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for English Language Arts, introduces students to scientific knowledge and language
More informationMINERALS MEGA PACKET
1. Which rock would be the best source of the mineral garnet? A) basalt B) limestone C) schist D) slate 2. Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated? A) limestone
More information5. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples.
1. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine? A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite 2. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite. The calcite breaks in smooth,
More informationSuppose you were hiking and found a gleaming chunk of
15. What is the measurement unit for latitude and longitude? 16. What is the line of 0 latitude called? 17. On which line of longitude does a point at 31 S, 92 W He? 18. Which hemispheres lie on either
More information1 What Is a Mineral? Critical Thinking 2. Apply Concepts Glass is made up of silicon and oxygen atoms in a 1:2 ratio. The SiO 2
CHAPTER 5 1 What Is a Mineral? SECTION Minerals of Earth s Crust KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is a mineral? What are the two main groups of minerals? What are
More informationOFFICIAL MID-HUDSON VALLEY GEM & MINERAL SOCIETY (MHVG&MS) 2013 EARTH SCIENCE SCAVENGER HUNT QUESTIONNAIRE (KEY)
OFFICIAL MID-HUDSON VALLEY GEM & MINERAL SOCIETY (MHVG&MS) 2013 EARTH SCIENCE SCAVENGER HUNT QUESTIONNAIRE (KEY) SHOW THEME - The World of Agates & Jaspers Please sign in at the Earth Science Table before
More information4 th Grade Science Unit C: Earth Sciences Chapter 6: Minerals and Rocks Lesson 1: What are minerals?
4 th Grade Science Unit C: Earth Sciences Chapter 6: Minerals and Rocks Lesson 1: What are minerals? mineral A mineral is a natural, nonliving, solid crystal that makes up rocks. All over the world, each
More informationALLEGHENY COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY STUDENT HANDBOOK
ALLEGHENY COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY STUDENT HANDBOOK This handbook is designed as a resource for all geology majors and minors. The material contained in the handbook includes foundation principles
More informationAbout Earth Materials
Grotzinger Jordan Understanding Earth Sixth Edition Chapter 3: EARTH MATERIALS Minerals and Rocks 2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company About Earth Materials All Earth materials are composed of atoms bound
More information