Geotechnical Challenges New Orleans USACE
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1 35 th Southwest Geotechnical Engineering Conference Geotechnical Challenges New Orleans USACE Mark Woodward, PE Jehu Johnson, EI Geotechnical Branch New Orleans District 28 April 2010 Slide 1
2 New Orleans District LAKE CHARLES LAFAYETTE New Orleans District Boundary Gulf Intracoastal Waterway Mississippi River and Tributaries Levee Hurricane Protection Levee BATON ROUGE NEW ORLEANS Bank Protection Deep Draft Waterway Beneficial Use of Dredged Material Acquisitions Freshwater Diversion Structure Saltwater Barrier Lock Control Structure Pumping Station MORGAN CITY HOUMA VENICE Slide 2
3 New Orleans Area Hurricane & Storm Damage Risk Reduction System East Bank Polder West Bank Polder Slide 3
4 Slide 4
5 Slide 5
6 Slide 6
7 Typical Levee Section & Geotechnical Field Investigation C L Levee 5 Diameter Soil Boring 5 Diameter Undisturbed Soil Borings & CPT (Cone Penetrometer Tests) alternating at 500 o.c. C L Boring 4 th Quadrant retained for future use 1 Toe Boring Berm Toe Boring 3 2 Typical Levee Section Circular Soil Sample cut into 4 Quadrants with 3 samples tested (trimmed circular) Slide 7
8 Subsurface Explorations 500 OC Slide 8
9 Slide 9
10 Slide 10
11 Current Geotechnical Levee Criteria Protected Side Method of Failure: Global Stability Method of Analysis: Spencer F.O.S.= 1.5 HSDRRS Criteria Failure Plane Design Still Water Elevation (90% assurance) for Hurricane Condition Slide 11
12 2057 1% DESIGN EL. F.S. P.S. 90% (2057) SWL EL EXIST. LEVEE EL. T-WALL LEVEE SHEET PILE CONCRETE or Steel H- PILE (TYP) Slide 12
13 Seepage Concerns on Mississippi River Levees Slide 13
14 US Army Corps of Engineers HIGH WATER EFFECTS ON FLOOD CONTROL PROJECTS Overtopping Sand Boils Seepage Sloughing Wave Wash Erosion Slide 14
15 Slide 15
16 RIVERWARD LEVEE CENTERLINE LANDWARD STABILITY BERM RIVERSIDE ENLG T IMPERVIOUS ZONE Original Levee of Impervious Clays & Silts NATURAL BLANKET STABILITY BERM FOUNDATION SAND Underlying Clays and Silts Slide 16
17 RIVERWARD LEVEE CENTERLINE LANDWARD IMPERVIOUS ZONE RANDOM ZONE SAND BOIL NATURAL BLANKET FOUNDATION SAND UNDERLYING CLAY AND SILT Slide 17
18 US Army Corps of Engineers EFFECTS OF SANDBOILS Development of pipe under the levee The pipe develops from the landside toward the flood side. Material is ejected in a cone shape around a spring head. The levee crest may be noticed to sag. Sloughing of landside levee slope near the toe Development of a landside shear or slide Slide 18
19 RIVERSIDE LANDSIDE SUBSIDENCE OF CROWN EFFECTS OF SAND BOILS ON LEVEE SEEPAGE PATH PIPE UNDER LEVEE DEVELOPMEMENT OF PIPE UNDER LEVEE FIG. 1 RIVERSIDE LANDSIDE SLOUGHING OF SLOPE SEEPAGE PATH SLOUGHING OF LANDSLIDE SLOPE DUE TO RAVELLING AND UNDERCUTTING OF TOE FIG. 2 RIVERSIDE LANDSIDE SLIDING SURFACE DEVELOPMENT OF SHEAR SLIDE FIG. 3 SEEPAGE PATH REDUCTION IN SHEARING STRENGTH IN THIS ZONE Slide 19
20 RIVERWARD LEVEE CENTERLINE LANDWARD UNDER SEEPAGE BERM NATURAL BLANKET FOUNDATION SAND Underlying Clays and Silts Slide 20
21 LEVEE CENTERLINE RIVERWARD LANDWARD Piezometric Head PONDED SEEPAGE Look for Sand Boils NATURAL BLANKET FOUNDATION SAND Underlying Clays & Silts Under Seepage Event with Leakage at Levee Toe Slide 21
22 Slide 22
23 Open System Piezometers Slide 23
24 Slide 24
25 Slide 25
26 For K=1.0x 10-2 cm/sec, a drop of water can travel 235 in 8.5 days 10 RIVERWARD LANDWARD 25 1 on 4 1 on 5 IMPERVIOUS ZONE 235 RANDOM ZONE SAND BOIL NATURAL BLANKET FOUNDATION SAND IMPERVIOUS CLAY AND SILT Slide 26
27 Slide 27
28 Slide 28
29 Slide 29
30 Slide 30
31 Slide 31
32 Slide 32
33 Slide 33
34 Slide 34
35 Slide 35
36 Slide 36
37 Slide 37
38 Slide 38
39 RIVERWARD LEVEE CENTERLINE LANDWARD LINE OF RELIEF WELLS Riverside Enlargement Original Levee of Impervious Clays and Silts NATURAL BLANKET FOUNDATION SAND Underlying Clays and Silts Slide 39
40 RIVERWARD LEVEE CENTERLINE RIVERSIDE ENLG T> IMPERVIOUS Original Levee of ZONE Impervious Clays & Silts LANDWARD Piezometric Head PONDED SEEPAGE Look for Sand Boils NATURAL BLANKET FOUNDATION SAND Underlying Clays & Silts Under Seepage Event with Leakage at Levee Slide 40
41 Slide 41
42 Slide 42
43 Slide 43
44 Slide 44
45 Slide 45
46 Open barrel used to control sandboils Slide 46
47 Slide 47
48 Slide 48
49 Slide 49
50 Slide 50
51 Slide 51
52 Slide 52
53 Slide 53
54 Deep Soil Mixing Slide 54
55 Deep Soil Mixing Inject lime, cement, slag, fly ash, etc. into soil Mix thoroughly Creates a pozzolanic reaction in the soil/cement mass Slide 55
56 Deep Mixing Design Parameters WET MIXING Water/binder ratio Binder load Number of shafts to suit application Spoil disposal WET METHOD Excellent overlap Adaptable to multiple augers High strength Spoil disposal DRY MIXING Binder load Mixing energy Rate of penetration Soil moisture DRY METHOD No spoil No water needed Medium to high strength Slide 56
57 Design for the purpose Stability and support strength, array, length, uniformity Seepage cutoff continuity, overlap, length, permeability Seismic retrofit All of the above Slide 57
58 Three DM Applications Resist deflection of major structures Buttress existing floodwalls Reinforce new embankments Slide 58
59 Major Structures - 17 th Street & Orleans Avenue Canals Interim Closure Structures (2006) Slide 59
60 17 th Street Canal Interim Closure Structure (2006) Slide 60
61 17 th Street Canal Interim Closure Structure (2006) Slide 61
62 17 th Street Canal Interim Closure Structure (2006) Slide 62
63 Slide 63
64 Orleans Avenue Canal Interim Closure Structure (2006) Slide 64
65 Orleans Avenue Canal Slide 65
66 Orleans Avenue Canal Interim Closure Structure (2006) Slide 66
67 Orleans Avenue Canal Interim Closure Structure (2006) Slide 67
68 Gainard Woods Pump Station Plaquemines Parish Gainard Woods Pump Station Slide 68
69 Floodwalls Gainard Woods Pump Station (2006) Slide 69
70 Gainard Woods T-Wall (2006) Slide 70
71 Elevation (ft) Elevation (ft) Floodwalls Gainard Woods Pump Station (2006) w Distance (ft) w Distance (ft) Slide 71
72 Floodwalls Inner Harbor Navigation Canal (2009) Slide 72
73 IHNC Floodwall Reinforcement (May 2009) Slide 73
74 IHNC Floodwall Reinforcement (May 2009) Slide 74
75 Homeplace Levee Enlargement Plaquemines Parish Homeplace Levee Enlargement Slide 75
76 Levees Homeplace Levee Enlargement (P24) (2006) Slide 76
77 Berm needed to achieve safety factor of Slide 77
78 To achieve SF = 1.30; Foundation improved from 270 psf to 2300 psf ,300 psf Slide 78
79 Homeplace Levee Enlargement (P24) (2006) Slide 79
80 Homeplace Levee Enlargement (P24) (2006) FIG 4a. Shallow Surface (FS=1.33) 100% Efficiency of Joints FIG 4b. Deep Surface (FS=1.51) 100% Efficiency of Joints FIG 4c. Shallow Surface (FS=1.29) 0% Efficiency, 5 Vertical Joints FIG 4d. Deep Surface (FS=1.37) 0% Efficiency, 5 Vertical Joints Slide 80
81 Construction of DMM Shear Walls Slide 81
82 Unconfined Compressive Strength Test Results for P24 DMM Cores Number of Tests: 2081 Mean UCS: 2145 kn/m 2 (311 psi) Standard Deviation: 1259 kn/m 2 (183 psi) Coefficient of Variation: 0.59 UCS = 690 kn/m 2 (100 psi) was used for design Slide 82
83 P-24 Final Section Slide 83
84 Design Guide for Levees and Floodwall Stability Using DM Shear Walls Limit equilibrium analysis Combines sliding, overturning and internal shear analyses Uses reliability factors for material and stability safety factors Uses CDIT 2002 as basis for analysis DESIGN GUIDE FOR LEVEE AND FLOODWALL STABILITY USING DEEP- MIXED WALLS by George Filz and Eddie Templeton February 10, 2009 Slide 84
85 QA/QC Testing Reverse Column Pentetration Testing Pressuremeter Cone Penetrometer Testing Borehole Camera Exhumation (Exposure, Excavation) Sonic Drilling Coring and Compressive Strength Testing Slide 85
86 Slide 86
87 Slide 87
88 Pressuremeter Use to great success during 2003 Test Section Utilized for Q/A and Q/C in 2008 Can be used to determine limit pressure, which can be obtain shear strength Limit pressure is assumed to occur when volume is doubled Poisson s ratio assumed to be 0.33 Column Modulus can also be determined Slide 88
89 Depth (ft.) IHNC CPT Data Shear Strength (psi) t = 30 min. t = 3 hrs. t = 6 hrs. Slide 89
90 Slide 90
91 Slide 91
92 Slide 92
93 Column Exhumation Slide 93
94 Slide 94
95 Slide 95
96 Slide 96
97 Sonic Drilling Rig Slide 97
98 Sonic Drilling Cores Slide 98
99 Wet Grab Sampling Slide 99
100 LPV 111 Slide 100
101 LPV Largest Deep Soil Mixing Project in the World 1.7 million cubic yards of soil will be treated. 5.3 miles of Levee will be raised from 17 feet to 28 feet Soil mixing extends to -67 ft deep and varies in width from 54 ft to 98 ft Slide 101
102 Slide 102
103 Slide 103
104 Slide 104
105 Slide 105
106 Slide 106
107 Slide 107
108 Slide 108
109 Slide 109
110 Slide 110
111 Slide 111
112 Large Hurricane Risk Reduction Structures Slide 112
113 IHNC SURGE BARRIER MRGO GIWW 20 March 2010 Slide 113
114 Lake Borgne Project Alignment North Access Bridge GIWW & Barge Gates Floodwall Bayou Bienvenue Gate Transition T-Walls MRGO Closure Slide 114
115 Slide 115
116 Barrier Flood Wall Slide 116
117 GIWW Barge / Sector Gate (Conceptual) Slide 117
118 Bayou Bienvenue Vertical Lift Gate (Conceptual) Slide 118
119 Boring Locations Slide 119
120 Geologic Profile MRGO BB GIWW Slide 120
121 Design Investigations Pile Load Test Lateral Load Test Non-linear Incremental Structural Analysis (NISA) Physical Model GIWW Sector Gate Physical Model Barrier Wall Navigation Simulation Gate Width Study Approach Wall Vessel Impact Analysis Navigation Physical Guidewall Model USCG Navigation Risk Assessment Long-term Instrumentation Plan Slide 121
122 Soldier Pile Placement Complete! 144 Feet Long 66 Diameter, 94 tons Weeks 526 Rig 1271 piles Completed October 21, 2009 Slide 122
123 MRGO Section Slide 123
124 GIWW Sand Fill at MRGO Slide 124
125 protected side EL concrete cap flood side 36 steel batter pile EL -15 mud line 18 concrete closure piles 66 spun cast pile JET GROUT EL -55 TIP OF JET GROUT COLUMN EL -130 EL -190 Slide 125
126 Spin Casting Slide 126
127 Spun Cast Piles Slide 127
128 Soldier Piles Slide 128
129 Post Tensioning Slide 129
130 Slide 130
131 Pile Load Test Slide 131
132 18 Closure Piles & Jet Grouting 2504 piles Completed February 11, 2010 Slide 132
133 Soldier, Closure, Batter Piles Temporary Trestle Interstitial Space Closure Piles 36 Batter Piles Soldier Piles Slide 133
134 66 Concrete Pile Clean Out Drill bit removes the mud from inside the pile Slide 134
135 Grout Bag Placement Grout bag infill Slide 135
136 Batter Piles Slide 136
137 Precast Caps 17 Feet Long, 96 Tons Slide 137
138 Parapet Slide 138
139 Interesting Quantity Facts The IHNC Project Involves: 160 miles of piles- approx. 20 miles more than from Cleveland to Columbus The weight of 8 Eiffel Towers of Steel Enough Concrete to fill a football field 94 feet deep Slide 139
140 Slide 140
141 GIWW Western Closure Complex (WCC) Slide 141
142 WCC Slide 142
143 Project Features: 19,140 cfs Drainage Pumping Station (11 x 1740 cfs vertical Flower Pot pumps) 225-foot primary navigation gate Sluice gates (5 16 x 16 ) T-wall along edge of Bayou aux Carpes CWA 404(c) wetlands (4200 X 100 construction corridor) Water Control Structure Levee and East Bayou Road Realignment Environmental Mitigation and Augmentations Foreshore Protection Algiers Canal dredging GIWW - West Closure Complex Bayou aux Carpes 404(c) area T-Wall with berm Combi-wall 225 Navigation gate Water control structure Levee and Road Realignment cfs Pump Station Sluice gates Slide 143
144 WCC Cofferdam Piles Slide 144
145 Dewatered Cofferdam Slide 145
146 Dewatered Cofferdam Slide 146
147 Pump Station Piles Slide 147
148 Pile Load Test Slide 148
149 Pile Load Test Slide 149
150 Pile Load Test Slide 150
151 Heave Test Section Slide 151
152 WCC Earthen Material Processing Slide 152
153 New Levee Construction Slide 153
154 New Levee Construction Slide 154
155 East T-wall Slide 155
156 East T-wall Preload Slide 156
157 Questions? Slide 157
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