General overview on natural CO 2 sinks in Austria based on existing literature data. A first step towards the evaluation of possible monitoring sites

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1 General overview on natural CO 2 sinks in Austria based on existing literature data A first step towards the evaluation of possible monitoring sites GOETZL G., BRUESTLE A.K. & BOTTIG M. October 17-19, 2011 Maria Laach, Germany 2 nd CGS Europe Knowledge Sharing Workshop Natural Analogues

The present role of CO 2 geological storage in Austria Legal Aspects (transposition of EU directive) - Ban on industrial application of CO 2 geological storage - Exception:

- total capacity: 6.65 Gm³ Estimated CO 2 capacities Methane storage sites in Austria RAG Austria, 2011

2 The present role of CO 2 geological storage in Austria Legal Aspects (transposition of EU directive) - Ban on industrial application of CO 2 geological storage - Exception: Research purposes with maximum load < 100ktons - Re-evaluation of national CCS law: 2018 (reporting by ministry) Public opinion on CCS: quite critical - 9 methane storage sites - total capacity: 6.65 Gm³ Estimated CO 2 capacities Methane storage sites in Austria RAG Austria, 2011 (SCHARF & CLEMENS, 2006) Austrian Newspaper Der Standard, largest oil & 13 largest gas reservoirs MM t CO 2 (depleted reservoirs) October 17-19, 2011 Maria Laach, Germany 2 nd CGS Europe Knowledge Sharing Workshop Natural Analogues

3 CO 2 appearances in Austria two major geological settings Related to fault systems striking perpendicular to the periadriatic lineament Tertiary intramontaneous basins (e.g. Vienna Basin, Styrian Basin) Styrian Basin Formation of the basin through extensional tectonics Presence of CO 2 related to plio-/pleistocene vulcanic activity

4 Bad Schoenau Wildbad Einoed Bad Blumau Bad Eisenkappel

5 Case Study Bad Blumau

$basement Deeply burried, palaeozoic dolomites of the basement Highly fractured$

6 Bad Blumau Drillings in the area of an antithetic structure of the palaeozoic basement Deeply burried, palaeozoic dolomites of the basement Highly fractured reservoir

7 Case Study Bad Blumau Key Facts 2 different reservoirs (basement, Neogene fillings) Combined spa, heating facility & ORC electric power generation Reinjection neccessary October 17-19, 2011 Maria Laach, Germany 2 nd CGS Europe Knowledge Sharing Workshop Natural Analogues

Case Study Bad Blumau The spring Vulkania issue.

Free yield 80l/s (gaslift) Production yield 30l/s TDS: 17,6 g/l

1.5 t/h!! Closed or semi-open aquifer (?

8 Case Study Bad Blumau The spring Vulkania issue.. Formation T > 120 C Outflow T ~ 110 C Reservoir Depth ~ 2800m Free yield 80l/s (gaslift) Production yield 30l/s TDS: 17,6 g/l Gas : water 9:1(97%CO 2 ) Dissolved CO 2 ~ 5mg/kg CO2 liquified 1.5 t/h!! Closed or semi-open aquifer (?) October 17-19, 2011 Maria Laach, Germany 2 nd CGS Europe Knowledge Sharing Workshop Natural Analogues

9 Bad Schoenau Thermal waters and natural CO 2 influenced by major fault system confining an intra-mountainous basin (Miocene) Porous secondary reservoir Exploration on CO 2 for therapeutic reasons!

10 Bad Schoenau Fluids trapped by unsuccessful coal drilling at depth of 230m below surface (in 1953) High content of SO 4 -- (related to coaly layers) 67l/min H 2 O, 227l/min gas (~97%CO 2 ) Altering eruptive and laminar flow, frequency: 45s 1990: > treatments p.a. (bathing, drinking)

11 Wildbad Einoed Crystalline and sedimentary rocks of the Middle- Austroalpine are overthrusted by the Upper-Austroalpine Gurktal Nappe This complex is heavily faulted Valley follows a NNE striking fault which seperates horizontally lying phyllites from the eastern side of the valley (crystalline)

12 Wildbad Einoed High values of diverse trace elements indicate a degasing of the upper mantle Thermal waters mixed with surface waters Widespread ascent through mass movements

13 Wildbad Einoed Amount of used thermal waters 10l/sec 140 flat boreholes 10.7 Vol% max. CO 2 in the soil air (0.1-2%)

intrusions Joints giving way for water and gas Granites build

14 Bad Eisenkappel Upper tertiary fault systems ruptured the eastern part of the Karawanks into huge blocks Magmatic intrusions Joints giving way for water and gas Granites build the valley bottom topped by fluviatile gravel 3He/4He isotopes prove mantle origin

15 Bad Eisenkappel 1909: first tapping and balneologic use Deepest well 120 m highest mineralization Widespread gas exhalations in valley Mixed surface near and deep waters Used for treatments in form of bathing and drinking 1 proven fatality: builder suffocated in a construction pit. During the night the 10m 3 of the pit were filled with CO 2 exhalated nearby

16 Summary & Conclusions CO 2 appearance in the eastern and southeastern part of Austria Economical use of natural CO 2 (nutrition industry, therapeutical treatments) Extend studies for possible storage sites including saline aquifers (e.g. Vienna Basin) No monitoring and no scientific research so far - establish monitoring sites (e.g. Wildbad Einöd)

General overview on natural CO2 sinks in Austria based on existing literature data A first step towards the evaluation of possible monitoring sites THANKS

17 General overview on natural CO2 sinks in Austria based on existing literature data A first step towards the evaluation of possible monitoring sites THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION CONTACT: gregor.goetzl@geologie.ac.at October 17-19, 2011 Maria Laach, Germany 2 nd CGS Europe Knowledge Sharing Workshop Natural Analogues

MINERAL WATERS AND HYDROGEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN BULGARIA

MINERAL WATERS AND HYDROGEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN BULGARIA Konstantin Shterev & Georgi Georgiev (SU) October 17-19, 2011 Maria Laach, Germany 2 nd CGS Europe Knowledge Sharing Workshop Natural Analogues