GO ON. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 1.

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1 d i a g n o s t i c t e s t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e s c i e n c e question What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth s layers? A crust, outer core, inner core, mantle B mantle, outer core, inner core, crust C crust, mantle, outer core, inner core D outer core, inner core, crust, mantle 2. Geologists main evidence about the structure of Earth s interior comes from A temperature measurements in deep mines. B observations of other planets. C exploration of caves. D rock samples and seismic waves. 3. Suppose heat has caused convection currents to form in a fluid. When the heat source is removed from the fluid, the convection currents will A speed up. B change direction. C eventually stop. D continue at the same rate forever. 4. Rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth s surface is called A coal. B petroleum. C igneous rock. D metamorphic rock. 5. Which of the following is used to classify igneous rocks? A only its origin B only its mineral composition C its origin, texture, and location D its origin, texture, and mineral composition 43

2 diagnostic Test (continued) question Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth s surface can change any rock into A chemical rock. B organic rock. C metamorphic rock. D sedimentary rock. 7. Which is the correct order of the processes that form rock from sediment? A deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion B erosion, cementation, deposition, compaction C cementation, compaction, deposition, erosion D erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation 8. A fossil that forms when hardened minerals replace all or part of an organism is called a A petrified fossil. B carbon film fossil. C mold. D trace fossil. 9. Which of the following events happened far too quickly to be measured by the geologic time scale? A formation of the Atlantic Ocean B evaporation of a pond on Pangaea C evolution of fish in the ocean D evaporation of an inland sea 10. The damage caused by an earthquake is likely to be greatest A far from the epicenter. B at a point below the focus. C on a normal fault. D near the epicenter. 44

3 diagnostic Test (continued) question What can you tell about the organisms preserved in layer D compared with those preserved in layer A? A The organisms preserved in layer A are extinct. B The organisms preserved in layer D are more complex than the organisms in layer A. C The organisms preserved in layer D are the ancestors of those in layer A. D The organisms preserved in layer A are older than those in layer D. 12. What happens when an unstable element undergoes radioactive decay? A The particles in the atoms rearrange themselves, but no new elements are formed. B The atoms of the element break down to form atoms of another element. C The atoms of the element fuse together. D The element absorbs energy from the environment. 13. Which type of dating tells scientists a fossil s actual age? A relative dating B radioactive dating C geological time scale D rock layer dating 14. Most water pollution is the result of A human activities. B volcanic eruptions. C storms. D drought. 45

4 Diagnostic Test (continued) Directions: Use the table below to answer question 15. Geologic Time Scale Era Period Millions of Years Ago Duration (millions of years) Cenozoic Quaternary 1.8 to present Tertiary Mesozoic Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Paleozoic Permian Carboniferous Devonian Silurian Ordovician Cambrian Precambrian 544 million years ago 4.6 billion years ago 15. The geologic time scale is a record of A radioactive decay on Earth. B the rate of fossil formation on Earth. C all the sedimentary rock layers on Earth. D life forms and geologic events in Earth s history. 16. In the process of sea-floor spreading, where does molten material rise from the mantle and erupt? A along the edges of all the continents B along the mid-ocean ridge C in deep-ocean trenches D at the north and south poles 17. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as A convection. B continental drift. C subduction. D conduction. 18. If a farmer plants the same crop in a field year after year, the soil becomes less fertile. What causes this decrease in fertility? A erosion B drought C desertification D nutrient depletion 46

5 Diagnostic Test (continued) question Which type of plate boundary is shown at B? A convergent boundary B divergent boundary C transform boundary D fractured boundary 22. Which of the following is a positive effect humans have had on wetlands, such as the Everglades? A Farming has introduced harmful chemicals into the wetlands. B Water has been diverted from wetlands to farms and homes. C New organisms brought to the wetlands compete with native organisms. D Laws have been passed to protect wetlands. question Which feature forms at a divergent plate boundary on land? A mountain range B rift valley C reverse fault D plateau 21. Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust. Which of the following is most likely to happen when a plate carrying oceanic crust collides with a plate carrying continental crust? A The denser oceanic plate gradually sinks into the mantle and melts. B The less dense continental plate gradually sinks into the mantle and melts. C Both the oceanic and the continental plates sink into the mantle and melt. D The plates collide and mantle convection stops. 23. According to the law of superposition, which of these rock layers is the oldest? A A B B C C D D 47

6 Diagnostic Test (continued) question Earth s mantle is A a layer of molten metal. B a layer of hot rock. C a dense ball of solid metal. D a layer of rock that forms Earth s outer skin. 27. In the rock cycle, what process leads to the formation of sediment? A erosion B deposition C volcanic activity D melting 24. The long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth s surface is called the A vent. B side vent. C pipe. D crater. 25. The ozone layer protects people from which of the following? A too much ultraviolet radiation B carbon monoxide poisoning C the effects of radon D photochemical smog 28. Volcanic activity can create landforms, which in turn can change the topography of a region. Which product of a volcano might increase the fertility of the soil? A caldera B batholith C volcanic ash D geodes 29. Which form of heat transfer takes place between materials that are touching? A conduction B radiation C convection D subduction 48

7 d i a g n o s t i c t e s t R e p o r t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e S c i e n c e pages Florida Standards Test Items Number Correct Proficient? Yes or No BIG IDEA 6: Earth Structures Over geologic time, internal and external sources of energy have continuously altered the features of Earth by means of both constructive and destructive forces. All life, including human civilization, is dependent on Earth s internal and external energy and material resources. SC.7.E.6.1: Describe the layers of the solid Earth, including the lithosphere, the hot convecting mantle, and the dense metallic liquid and solid cores. SC.7.E.6.2: Identify the patterns within the rock cycle and relate them to surface events (weathering and erosion) and sub-surface events (plate tectonics and mountain building). SC.7.E.6.3: Identify current methods for measuring the age of Earth and its parts, including the law of superposition and radioactive dating. SC.7.E.6.4: Explain and give examples of how physical evidence supports scientific theories that Earth has evolved over geologic time due to natural processes. SC.7.E.6.5: Explore the scientific theory of plate tectonics by describing how the movement of Earth s crustal plates causes both slow and rapid changes in Earth s surface, including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and mountain building. SC.7.E.6.6: Identify the impact that humans have had on Earth, such as deforestation, urbanization, desertification, erosion, air and water quality, changing the flow of water. SC.7.E.6.7: Recognize that heat flow and movement of material within Earth causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and creates mountains and ocean basins. 1, 2, 26, 29 4, 5, 6, 7, 27 11, 12, 13, 23 8, 9, 15 10, 17, 19, 20, 24, 28 14, 18, 22, 25 3, 16, 21 Comments: 49