The development of a geo-database of caprock quality and deep saline aquifers distribution suitable to geological storage of CO 2 in Italy

Transcription

1 The development of a geo-database of caprock quality and deep saline aquifers distribution suitable to geological storage of CO 2 in Italy Buttinelli M., Procesi M., Cantucci B., Quattrocchi F. INGV - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, UF Fluid Geochemistry, Geological Storage and Geothermics Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, Italy.

2 selected as key scientific article by the canadian company Renewable Energy Global Innovations (REGI)

3 Overview: CO 2 geological sequestration CO 2 can be stored into deep sub-surface geological reservoirs such as: 1) Deep saline aquifers (in-shore and off-shore) 2) Active and depleted oil and gas fields with or without EOR/EGR 3) Unminable coal beds with or without ECBM. basic prerequisites for CO 2 storage potential is to store at more than 800 meters of depth, necessary to maintain the supercritical conditions of CO 2 (T=38 C and P=78 atm), at normal thermobarical gradient

4 CO 2 potential storage capacity The global level of CO 2 storage capacity has been estimated e.g. by H.Audus (IEA, 2006) as: Unminable Coal Beds

5 CO 2 storage in active geodinamical areas - key points - Quality of the Caprock (e.g. thickness and integrity) Deep aquifers (distribution and characteristics) Risk assessment: seismic/seismogenic activity, natural degassing, heat flux

6 Simplified review - Geology of Italy The geology of Italy is quite complex and characterized by A thrust belt area - Alpine and Apenninic chain Foredeep domains Foreland areas A back-arc basin, with extensional tectonic

7 INGV-CESI RICERCA CO 2 storage sites catalog DEEP WELLS DATA Oil and gas exploration wells log availability (VIDEPI project) (unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/videpi/) 7575 wells total Available (2380) Existing but not-available (2737) Lacking (2458)

8 INGV-CESI RICERCA CO 2 storage sites catalog DATABASE CREATION Wells data sub-dataset 2380 wells with available log 1291 have a deep acquifer and depth between 800 and 2500m (economical feasibility)

9 Wells Database Creation: Cap-rock and aquifer characterization Conversion of the stratigraphy (calculation of thickness and depths) - Parametrization of the lithologies (function of permeability) by Lithotype quality factor Well composite Log 4 SW Aquifer/s characterization: - Lithology - Depth - Fresh or salt water - fluids and/or gas analysis - borehole deep tests in aquifer

10 Lithotype characterization: Permeability factor (Cl i )

11 Wells database: Stratigraphy, Manifestations (gas, oil, water), Analysis, Tests

12 Lithotype characterization: Lithotype Quality Factor (Fb i ) Function of: Lithology (Cl i ) thickness (Sp i ) Cap-rock Ideal thickness (Sp c m -) Example 1: Lithotype: Santerno clays (Cli = 5) Thickness: 1150m (Spi) Fbi = 5*1150/800 = 7,2 Fbi = 5 Example 2: Lithotype: S.Mauro sandstone (Cli = 2) Thickness: 460m (Spi) Fbi = 2*460/800 = 1,15 Fbi = 1

13 Wells classification: Cap-rock quality factor (Fb p ) Fb p range between 1 (permeable cap-rock) and 5 (impermeable cap-rock) The whole rocks succession above the aquifer has been considered THE CAP-ROCK. Due to the high variability of geological situations, it is impossible to create an algorithm capable to consider all of these

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15 WELLS DATABASE APPEARANCE AFTER ELABORATIONS Well identification Lithotype thickness (Spi) Calculated Fbp Lithotype characterization (Fbi) Lithotype parametrization (Cli) Aquifer presence

16 CAPROCK QUALITY FACTOR (FBP)

17 AQUIFERS DISTRIBUTION

18 Seismogenic sources (INGV DISS 3.1.1) Heat flow + temperature vs. depth (CNR maps) MAIN GEOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS Diffuse Degassing Structures (INGV DPC V5 Googas) Seismicity (INGV seismic Catalogues)

19 MAIN RESULTS Pink areas are where exist the prerequisites (mainly a huge marly-toclayish caprock + deep saline aquifer + distance from main geological risk factors) for a further and more detailed research of potential geological structures for CO 2 storage Further step (not the target of this work): Join the well data information with seismic profiles, structural maps and other literature and hydrocarbon exploration data. This information should help in the research, identification, mapping and 3D modelling of these structures, also allowing the gross calculation of reservoir volumes and the storage capacity calculations

20 WHAT MORE? WHAT S NEXT? - Refinements and new areas definitions every time new data are published by VIDEPI project - Potential new research field for the evaluation of the whole italian territory storage potential, passing through the 3D identification and reconstruction of reservoir traps within the suitable areas already defined - Use of regional to local scale approach in the capacity calculation using the most widespread approaches (static dynamic) - CO 2 -water-rock interaction physical and chemical modeling within the reservoirs structures

21 WHAT MORE? WHAT S NEXT?... Strategic use of the underground for an energy mix plan: Synergies among CO 2, CH 4 Geological Storage and Geothermal Energy. Italian Energy review and Latium Region case study Procesi M. (1), Cantucci B. (1), Buttinelli M. (1), Armezzani G. (2) & Quattrocchi F. (1) (IN SUBMISSION) Geothermal systems Reservoir identification, mapping and storage capacity evaluation/emissions reduction