JETT Mulyo Harris Pradono
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1 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Team JETT Mulyo Harris Pradono Rudi Kurniawan (Syiah Kuala University)
2 Main Earthquake and Sequence of Aftershocks 02:22:01UTC M N 92.42E 02:15:59UTC M N 92.48E 02:15:50UTC M N 92.19E 02:00:40UTC M N 94.61E 01:59:14UTC M N 92.43E 01:40:07UTC M N 93.03E 01:22:27UTC M N 93.72E 01:21:26UTC M N 93.35E 01:25:49UTC M N 94.17E 01:48:49UTC M N 94.42E 00:58:53UTC M N 95.55E Source: USGS
3 Intensities The earthquake was felt (VIII) at Banda Aceh and (V) at Medan, Sumatra. It was felt (II-IV) in parts of Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Langka, and Thailand. Subsidence and landslides were observed in Sumatra Source: USGS Earthquake Hazard Program ws/2004/usslav
4 Source: Digital Globe Analysis Digital Globe Analysis Grand Mosque
5 Buildings Near Grand Mosque Satellite Photo December 28, 2004 Visited Buildings Grand Mosque Source: Digital Globe Analysis
6 Baiturrahman Grand Mosque Survey March 02, 2004 Main Tower (east of main build.) Severe cracking and spalling of concrete Tsunami flood about 80 cm
7 Baiturrahman Grand Mosque Survey March 02, 2004 Non-structural column Structural column
8 Baiturrahman Grand Mosque Survey March 02, 2004 Elevator structure inside the tower
9 Baiturrahman Grand Mosque Survey March 02, 2004 Main Building (west of main tower) Older building 1875 Newer building 1962 Crack
10 Nearby Buildings March 02, 2005
11 Nearby Buildings March 02, 2005 (Kuala Tripa Hotel) The hotel was expanded from a 4-story hotel to a 5-story hotel
12 Nearby Buildings March 02, 2005 (Kuala Tripa Hotel) After the earthquake, one lower story was collapsed
13 Nearby Buildings March 02, 2005 (Water Tower)
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15 1979 Syiah Kuala
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17 Banda Aceh H Grand Mosque 7 4 A C (Jl. Mohammad Daud Beureueh D G
18 Banda Aceh A: 5.56 B: 5.48 C: 5.52 D: 5.49 E: 5.51 F: 5.79 G: 5.36 H: 5.60 I: 4.92
19 Banda Aceh A: 1.5m(1 ), 2.5m(2 ) B: 10m(1), 30m(2), 20m(3) C: 3m(1), 5m(2) D: 7m(1), 10m(2) E: 1m(1), 4m(2), 10m(3) F: 8m(1), 8m(2) G: 20m(1), 30m(2) H: 1m(1) I: 10m(1), 15m(2)
20 No Yes (39), (9), No (16) (14), (12), (10), (6), (5)
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22 STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE SURVEY IN BANDA ACEH Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Team JETT Hirokazu IEMURA Yoshikazu TAKAHASHI Mulyo Harris Pradono Graduate School of Civil Engineering Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
23 North Two of the surveyed bridges, March 2005 No.1 Asoe Nanggroe No.20 Peukan Bada Satellite photo December 29, 2004 Photo Source: Digital Globe
24 North Two span bridge supported by RC girders Concrete crushing (a) (b) (c) 720 cm 140 cm 23 cm 100 cm 26 cm 720 cm 76 cm 85 cm South Scouring at approach 2540 cm Bridge No.1 Asoe Nanggroe (Dimensions and Displacements)
25 95 cm North 17 cm One span bridge supported by RC girders 530 cm (a) (b) 2680 cm 18 cm 165 cm South 94 cm 20 cm 42 cm 530 cm 72 cm 70 cm 30 cm 45 cm (c) Bridge No.20 Peukan Bada (Dimensions and Displacements)
26 Estimated water velocity that causes bridge to move Area of attack, A = m 2 Case Study: No.20 Peukan Bada Bridge Mass of 3 girders + 1 deck, m = 227,264 kg Weight, W = m g = 2,227,187 Newton g = 9.8 m/s 2 Resisting force, F f = W = 668,156 Newton = 0.3 m/s 2 Fluid drag force, F d = 0.5 C d v 2 A = F f (bridge start moving) v = 2F ρc d f A = 2 668, = 3.71 m/s 13.4 km/h
27 Estimated water velocity that causes bridge to move Previous calculation did not consider water uplift force Case Study: No.20 Peukan Bada Bridge Considering water uplift force, the velocity is calculated as: v wu = = 10.4 km/h
28 Next Research To calculate water-dragging velocities for other bridges Recommendations for tsunami-prone bridges Publications
29 Bridge No.1 Asoe Nanggroe March 04, 2005 South 85 cm Displacement of Deck to Upstream Direction
30 Bridge No.1 Asoe Nanggroe March 04, 2005 Upstream Downstream (photo from Northern Abutment) (photo from Southern Abutment) Displacement of Decks to Upstream Direction
31 Bridge No.1 Asoe Nanggroe March 04, 2005 Downstream Upstream 23 cm (Gap between decks at the upstream side) (Crushing of deck concrete at the downstream side)
32 Bridge No.1 Asoe Nanggroe March 04, 2005 Downstream Downstream (Scouring at Southern Approach) (Scouring at Northern Approach)
33 Bridge No.20 Peukan Bada March 04, 2005 North Upstream Downstream One-span Peukan Bada Bridge (photo facing the north)
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40 Meulaboh from Helicopter March 03, 2005 Before boarding
41 Meulaboh from Helicopter March 03, 2005 On board
42 Meulaboh from Helicopter March 03, 2005 On the way
43 Meulaboh from Helicopter March 03, 2005 On the way
44 Meulaboh from Helicopter March 03, 2005
45 Meulaboh from Helicopter March 03, 2005
46 Meulaboh from Helicopter March 03, 2005
47 Meulaboh from Helicopter March 03, 2005
48 Meulaboh from Helicopter March 03, 2005 On the way back
49 Heavily damaged Cement Factory, March 03, 2005
50 Cement Factory, Satellites Photos Photo Source: Digital Globe January 10, 2003 December 29, 2004
51 Cement Factory, March 03, 2005 Heavily Scoured
52 Cement Factory, March 03, 2005 Heavily damaged conveyor belt
53 Cement Factory, March 03, 2005 Intact Silos
54 Cement Factory, March 03, 2005 Damaged by tsunami instead of earthquake
55 Cement Factory, March 03, 2005 Two different failure mechanisms Static loading Cyclic loading
56 Khao Lak, Thailand, March 09, 2005
57 Khao Lak, Thailand, March 09, 2005
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