30th IAS MANCHESTER. 2nd - 5th September 2013

Transcription

1 30th IAS MANCHESTER International Association of Sedimentologists The University of Manchester and The City of Manchester are pleased to welcome you to: 30th IAS MEETING OF SEDIMENTOLOGY 2nd - 5th September 2013 Welcome to the 3oth IAS Meeting of Sedimentology, held at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, under the auspices of the International Association of Sedimentologists. These proceedings contain all the abstracts of the presentations that appear at the conference. They are arranged in folders by session under 9 themes, namely: Theme 1: Resources Theme 2: Climate and Earth Surface Environments in Deep Time Theme 3: Marine and Coastal Depositional Environments Theme 4: Continental Depositional Environments Theme 5: Basin Analysis Theme 6: Impact of Glacial Processes on Sedimentation Theme 7: Post-Depositional Modification of Clastic and Carbonate Sediments Theme 8: Prediction and Visualization of Sedimentary Processes and Systems Through Modelling Theme 9: Sedimentology at the Biological Interface The Programme Overview provides an outline of when each session will be held during the conference. The abstracts can be viewed by exploring the folders on this USB stick using a file manager. Each abstract has a name that combines the theme and session number, with a prefix to discriminate poster from oral presentations, and finally a number that indicates the run order in the case of oral presentations, or poster board number in the case of poster presentations. e.g., T1S2_P54 = Theme 1, session 2; poster presentation, will be displayed on posterboard location 54. When used in conjunction with the conference handbook it is possible to locate abstracts in the conference abstracts volume and the time an individual presentation will take place. The organisers hope you find these proceedings informative and wish you a very successful conference. CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS VOLUME

2 T1S5_O5 Tectonic Collision as important factor controlling hydrocarbon generation in Eastern Indonesia Basins : Case study in Timor-Tanimbar Trough Toha, B., Surjono, S.S., and Winardi, S. Department of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia budtoha@yahoo.com ; budtoha@gmail.com The present Eastern Indonesia is largely a result of the Neogene subduction of the NW continental margin of Australian plate and its associated shelf, beneath the oceanic Banda Sea plate. The Tanimbar Islands are interpreted as the most distal parts of the Australian passive margin deformed and uplifted a foldbelt during the arc-continent collision. This collision complex is bounded to the south and east by Timor and Tanimbar Trough, interpreted as bathymetric depression (foredeep) within the Australian margin. The tectonic processes are further influenced by Late Miocene to Recent, strike-slip tectonics generated by the westward moving Pacific Plate. Since Neogene time, the Timor-Tanimbar Trough toward northwest Australian continental is actually foreland basin which developed from passive margin due to tectonic collision. The basin evolution passed through two phases of Palaeozoic extension, followed by Late Triassic compression, and then further extension in the Mesozoic that culminated in the break up of Gondwana in the Middle Jurassic. Convergence of the Australia-India and Eurasia plates in the Miocene to Pliocene resulted in flexural downwarp of the Timor-Tanimbar Trough and widespread fault reactivation in North-Western Australian Margin. This basin located in and near proven oil and gas fields such as Abadi, Bayu-Undan blocks in western area, onshore Bird Head proven area in the north and Warim block in east. To the south, basin covered Goulburn sub-basin with some hydrocarbon indication. The bending foreland basin which enhanced the "burner of the kitchen" due to collision is believed plays an important role for hydrocarbon generation in this case study area.. Nowadays hydrocarbon discoveries within Timor-Tanimbar Trough and its adjacent areas most rely on Mid Jurassic Plover reservoir, as well as Jurassic sequence considered plays important role as petroleum source rocks. The proven source rocks is mostly type III as indicated from Paleozoic-Mesozoic (Wessel, Goulburn, Arafura, Kulshill Group and Plover Fm. of Troughton Group) which charged the North West Shelf of Australian hydrocarbon field such as Petrel Sub-basin of Bonaparte Basin, Flamingo High and Sahul Platfom. The Goulburn Group source rock is the most effective in the region. The Mesozoic sediments have demonstrated source potential for Money Shoal Basin, while Troughton Group equivalent is an important source rock in The Malita/Calder Graben as good as The Flamingo Formation. Other potential source rocks are Bathurst Island Group and Darwin Formation equivalent. Examples on burial history analyses suggest that tectonic collision induced source rock maturation by two mechanisms: (1) thrust sheets are very thick due to imbrications collision, (2) the sediments mollasic eroded from the uplifted collision zone and deposited in the foredeep. Both are, respectively, have performed as thrust loading and burial sediments which forced the source rocks on foredeep of the foreland basin kitchen into oil / gas window. In summary, experiences by doing Joint Studies in others Eastern Indonesia basins suggest that tectonics collision play an important role to source rock maturation process. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank to the coordinator of the Joint Studies and partners, Ditjen MIGAS for their generous permission to present this paper.

3 30th IAS MEETING OF SEDIMENTOLOGY 2nd - 5th September 2013 Tectonic Collision as important factor controlling hydrocarbon generation in Eastern Indonesia Basins : Case study in Timor-Tanimbar Trough Toha,. B. 1, Surjono,S.S. 2, and Winardi,S. 3 1, 2, 3. Department of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta 55281, INDONESIA budtoha@yahoo.com ; budtoha@gmail.com Depart. of Geology Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada 30 th IAS MANCHESTER International Association of Sedimentologists

4 Content : 1. Introduction 2. Tectonic setting and structural elememnts 3. Tectonostratigraphy 4. Case study : Timor- Tanimbar Trough ( basin modeling for tectonic collision and hydrocarbon generation) 5. Conclusion

5 World's Source Rocks & Reservoirs (after Kendall et.al.,2009 ; modified from Ulmashek and Klemme, 1990) World wide stratigraphic distribution of major source rocks Stratigraphic distribution of the major reservoir rocks world wide

6 Indonesia Opportunities (Proven & Potential) for pre Tertiary Petroleum Discoveries (Satyana, Int.Symp. Meso-Palzoic Petr.Basin, IND)

7 Eastern Indonesia Petroleum System 1. Petroleum systems are pre-tertiary in majority, related to the North Australian passive margin, affected by microplate collision and large-scale strike-slip faulting 2. Source-rock age mainly from Mesozoic and possible Paleozoic. Depositional setting include deltaic coal and lacustrine shales ; shallow-deep marine clastic and carbonates 3. Hydrocarbon types : diverse, includig wavy lacustrine sourced crudes, light deltaic oils, medium marine oils, asphalt deposits, thermogenic and biogenic gas (Satyana, Int.Symp. Meso-Palzoic Petr.Basin, IND)

8 It has been suggested (Baillie et al 2004) that: Throughout the eastern Indonesia region and the Timor Sea, reservoir quality sandstones were deposited in nearshore marine settings during the early Late Jurassic (see also Barber et al., 2003), prior to the socalled Break-up Event. (Early Tertiary) It is proposed here that the Plover Sandstone reservoir of the Timor Sea is synchronous with both the reservoir of the Abadi discovery (Indonesia Masela PSC; Nagura et al., 2003) and the Tangguh Field, suggesting a similar depositional setting over an enormous area of coastline and nearshore marine environment.

9 Tectonics Provinces and Structural Trends, Eastern Indonesia OIL/GAS FIELD

10 Characteristic of Petroleum System in Eastern Indonesia Fields PETROLEUM SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC OF SOME FIELD IN EASTERN INDONESIA AREA FIELD RESERVOIR SOURCE ROCK SEAL AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY TRAP Wiriagar Permian Ainim Carbonaceous anticline Vorwata Mid.Jurassic Kembelangan Sandstone shale & coal Late Jurassic Upper Claystone and pinchout BINTUNI Ofaweri Group Jurassic Yefbie shale & coal Kembelangan shale Pop-up structure Roabiba anticline Klamono Miocene Kais Limestone Miocene Kais Intraformational SALAWATI Walio Miocene Klasefet Limestone Early Pliocene Klasaman Shale Miocene Klasefet Shale Thrust anticline Kasim SERAM Oseil Early-Mid. Kanikeh Calc.shale Manusela Limestone Triassic Jurassic Jurassic Manusela Carbonate Late Jurassic Kola Shale Thrust anticline BANGGAI Tiaka Jurassic Bobong Sandstone Jurassic Buya Marine shale Early Miocene Tomori Limestone Early. Miocene Salodik Shale & carbonate Late Miocene Matindok Marine shale Thrust anticline Late Miocene Mtindok Sandstone Abadi Mid. Jurassic Plover Sandstone Early. Jurassic Plover eq. Marine shale Early Cretaceous Echuca Shoals shale Normal Fault TIMOR Bayu-Undan Mid.Jurassic Elang Sandstone Mid.Jurassic Elang Sandstone Plover Sandstone Plover Sandstone Early Cretaceous Echuca Shoals shale (Surjono& Wijayanti, 2012)

11 Stratigraphic Compilation of Eastern Indonesia (Pigram & Panggabean 1984, Hall 1995, Metcalfe 2006).

12 Stratigraphic Compilation of Outer Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia (Pigram & Panggabean 1984, Hall 1995, Metcalfe 2006).

13 Proven Mesozoic-Paleozoic Sequences At Abadi Gas Field (Collided Australian Passive Margin Setting) + Abadi Gas Field (Collided Australian Passive Margin Setting) A-B seismic section ( + estimated Abadi-1 well loc.

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16 Collision history of the Buton-Tukang Besi micro-continent

17 Buton Basin Stratigraphy BPMIGAS-Japex (2007)

18 Regional Elements Petroleum System of Outer Banda Arc NW Australian Shelf Petroleum System Location Source Rock Reservoir Seal Trap Plover Greater Sunrise, Evans Shoal and Abadi Sahul Platform, peri-rift basement high Echuaca Shoals Paleozoic Northern Bonaparte Basin Eq. Elang Fm. in Elang & Kakaktua Field in East Timor-Australia JDA. Tanimbar Analogues with Bonaparte and Goulburn Graben Early Middle Jurassic Plover Fm. Mixed Type 2 and 3 (Gas) Early Cretaceous Echuca Shoals Fm. (May exist along the flanks of Tanimbar Trough). Jigaimara Fm of Wessel Group, Arafura Geoup, Weaber Group, Kulshill Group Note : Not much relationship discussion between Collision event with SR maturation Fluvio-deltaic to shallow marine sandstone of Middle Jurassic Plover Fm. Echuca Shoals Fm., Darwin Radiolarite? Equivalent of : Goulburn Group, Arafura Group, Weaber Group, Kulshil Group, Plover Fm (Troughton group) Echuca Shoals Formation (Upper Flaminggo Group). Wangarlu Formation (Bathrust Island Group) intraformational mudstones, Kulshil Group, Flaminggo Group, Bathrust Island Group Faulted Blocks. Faulted Blocks, stratigraphic. Faulted anticlines, horsts/tilted fault blocks, subthrust anticline, and stratigraphic traps ( Compilation from several sources ) 16

19 PETROLEUM SYSTEM EVENTS CHART OF REGIONAL OUTER BANDA ARC- NW AUSTRALIAN SHELF 17

20 Content : 1. Introduction 2. Tectonic setting and structural elememnts 3. Tectonostratigraphy 4. Case study : Timor- Tanimbar Trough ( basin modeling for tectonic collision and hydrocarbon generation) 5. Conclusion

21 During Paleozoic-Mesozoic times, eastern Indonesia region is considered to be part of the northern margin of the Australian continent in which now become an active collision margin. Stratigraphic section, at least from Cambrian to Cretaceous, shows the similarities which documented two tensional tectonics episodes; an Early Paleozoic infra-rift and a Late Paleozoic to Paleogene rift. The Pre-Tertiary sediments of eastern Indonesia are largely determined by the tectonic events. Rocks succession in this region mostly developed unconformbly overlying the highly metamorphic rocks of Devonian to Permian in which considered as basements. In Outer Banda Arc to Sula- Buton region, Pre-Tertiary Sedimentary rocks were characterized by series of carbonate rocks, which developed up to Tertiary times. Whereas in the Papua (Irian Jaya) region were marked dominant of siliciclastics rocks during Paleozoic to Mesozoic Times and carbonate rocks and shale in Tertiary times. Pre-Tertiary sedimentary rocks in some basins of eastern Indonesia were proven as producer hydrocarbon. Although Pre-Tertiary source rocks are widespread in Eastern Indonesia but the significant one were deposited primarily restricted to three time periods: Permian, Late Triassic and Early-Middle Jurassic. The Reservoir rocks are mainly belong to Mesozoic and Tertiary ages, where sandstone and carbonate rocks developed in Mesozoic and in Tertiary dominated by Miocene limestone and sandstones and also Pliocene sandstones. Traps are mainly contolled by thrust fault, normal fault and carbonate buildup, while. the syn-orogeny and passive margin shales provide as seal rocks.

22 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF EASTERN INDONESIA Pertamina and Corelab,

23 REGIONAL CROSS-SECTIONS Pertamina and Corelab,1999 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 21

24 Tectonostratigraphy Reconstruction of the Australian Continental Margin in the Late Neogene before deformation took place 22

25 BASIN EVOLUTION Banda Accretionary Prism Sahul Platform The basin developed during two phases of Palaeozoic extension, followed by Late Triassic compression, and then further extension in the Mesozoic that culminated in the break up of Gondwana in the Middle Jurassic (O Brien et al, 1993). Reconstruction of the Australian Continental Margin in the Late Neogene before deformation took place Convergence of the Australia-India and Eurasia plates in the Miocene to Pliocene resulted in flexural down warp of the Timor Trough and widespread fault reactivation in North- Western Australian Margin structurally very complex (Barber, et al., 2003). 23

26 Discoveries within Timor-Tanimbar Trough rely on Mid Jurassic Plover reservoir (Charlton, 2004)

27 NOWADAYS EXPLORATIONALIST MIND-SET PETROLEUM SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC OF SOME FIELD IN EASTERN INDONESIA AREA FIELD RESERVOIR SOURCE ROCK SEAL AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY TRAP Wiriagar Permian Ainim Carbonaceous anticline Vorwata Mid.Jurassic Kembelangan Sandstone shale & coal Late Jurassic Upper Claystone and pinchout BINTUNI Ofaweri Group Jurassic Yefbie shale & coal Kembelangan shale Pop-up structure Roabiba anticline Klamono Miocene Kais Limestone Miocene Kais Intraformational SALAWATI Walio Miocene Klasefet Limestone Early Pliocene Klasaman Shale Miocene Klasefet Shale Thrust anticline Kasim SERAM Oseil Early-Mid. Kanikeh Calc.shale Manusela Limestone Triassic Jurassic Jurassic Manusela Carbonate Late Jurassic Kola Shale Thrust anticline BANGGAI Tiaka Jurassic Bobong Sandstone Jurassic Buya Marine shale Early Miocene Tomori Limestone Early. Miocene Salodik Shale & carbonate Late Miocene Matindok Marine shale Thrust anticline Late Miocene Mtindok Sandstone Abadi Mid. Jurassic Plover Sandstone Early. Jurassic Plover eq. Marine shale Early Cretaceous Echuca Shoals shale Normal Fault TIMOR Bayu-Undan Mid.Jurassic Elang Sandstone Mid.Jurassic Elang Sandstone Plover Sandstone Plover Sandstone Early Cretaceous Echuca Shoals shale (Surjono& Wijayanti, 2012) JURASSIC SEQUENCE PLAYS IMPORTANT ROLE!! HOW ABOUT OTHERS??

28 Content : 1. Introduction 2. Tectonic setting and structural elememnts 3. Tectonostratigraphy 4. Case study : Timor- Tanimbar Trough ( basin modeling for tectonic collision and hydrocarbon generation) 5. Conclusion

29 Petroleum geology SOURCE ROCK Is it just from Mid Jura Plover source only? How about older (Triassic or Pre-Triassic) or younger (Cretaceous) sequence? If just only from Mid Jura Plover source, how about its distribution inside of the Eastern Indonesian region? What causes maturation within Greater Timor Trough region? Depth-dependant or Overburden thicknessdependant? Is there just enough charging from Mid Jura Plover source only?

30 Correlation between horizons based on WST and formation/group based on stratigraphic chart composed by Abadi - 6 well report (2001).

31 POTENTIAL SOURCE ROCKS Echuca Shoals claystone (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) Type III source rock of Echuca Shoals with very good TOC content and HI around 80 mg/g Plover Shale (Early-Middle Jurassic) Type III source rock of Plover shale with poor-good TOC content and HI around 150 mg/g Mt. Goodwin and Cape Londonderry shale (Permo-Triassic)? Type III source rock of Triassic carbonaceous shale-coal with good to excellent TOC content and high HI Barber, et al. (2003); Brown (1992); Livsey et al. (1992)

32 POSSIBILITY OF THE PALEOZOIC SOURCE ROCK Potential source rock intervals in North Australia: Wessel Group (Neoproterozoic) Goulburn Group (Ordovician-Cambrian), Arafura Group (Devonian) Kulshill Group equivalent (Permo- Carboniferous). (Boreham, 2006) (Earl, 2006, Data for Arafura Basin)

33 gas window MID JURA PLOVER SOURCE ROCK CHARACTERISTIC (TROUBADOUR -1) low potential for oil generation Mostly high potential for gas generation (Geoscience Australia, 2011)

34 MID JURA PLOVER SOURCE ROCK CHARACTERISTIC (TROUBADOUR -1) Type III Low HI <135mgHC/gTOC TOC up to 1.7% Quality Gas-prone and poor-fair TOC (Geoscience Australia, 2011)

35 SOURCE ROCKS CHARACTERISTICS (ABADI-1) Formation/Age Organic Richness HC Potential Hydrogen Index Thermal Maturity (TOC wt.%) (mghc/gm rock) (HI) (% Ro) Wangarlu/Late Cretaceous very poor to good Poor to moderate Low to moderate Immature-Early mature ( ) ( ) (42-268) ( ) Jamieson/Early Cretaceous Negligible to poor NA NA Early Mature ( ) (0.55) Echuca Shoals/Early Cretaceous Very good Poor to moderate Low Early Mature ( ) ( ) (57-89) ( ) Upper Plover/Middle Jurassic Good-very good Poor to moderate Low Early-Mid Mature ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Lower Plover/Middle Jurassic Very good Moderate to good Low Mid Mature ( ) ( ) (87-143) ( ) Two Potential Source Rocks - Mid Jura Plover : Type III, good to very good TOC, early- mid mature - Cretaceous Echucha : Type III, very good TOC, early mature

36 DISTRIBUTION OF PLOVER SOURCE ROCK Coastline could be further NW due to no well control Distribution of Plover shalerich intervals are critical : Towards NW (into Indonesia territory), the environment is considered to change to more marine and open TOC will definitely decrease further NW Barber et al., (2003) How far is that, still can be debatable because no well control further north than Abadi Field.

37 1D- Basin Modeling 1. Abadi Field and its surrounding ( Masela PSC; Nagura et al., 2003) 2. West Abadi Area 3. West Timor Offshore (Charlton, 2004) Barber et.al., , 2, 3 : Estimated location of developing basin modeling

38 Regional heat-flow assumption: mw/m2 (after 200 Ma) averaged from Moore et al (1996) and in accordance with INPEX model from Abadi and thermal maturity calibration from several wells mw/m2 (before 200 Ma) averaged from Moore et al (1996) and thermal maturity calibration from several wells

39 Barber aet.al., 2003 Abadi Gas Field (Collided Australian Passive Margin Setting) A-B seismic section ( + estimated Abadi-1 well loc.) +

40 SE Location Abadi-1 Well on S-N seismic section PW1 Abadi-1 Well NW Tanimbar Trough PW1 + PW4

41 1D BASIN HISTORY (MATURITY MODEL) ABADI-1 WELL Gas Window of Plover Fm. Gas Window of Echuca Shoals Fm. Based on Abadi-1 : Both Plover and Echuca SR have already entered gas generation Plover Gas Generation 69 Ma (Late Cretaceous) Echuca Shoals Gas Generation 46 Ma (Mid Eocene) Similar %Ro value compared to well at depth 4218 m: %

42 1D BASIN HISTORY (TEMPERATURE MODEL) ABADI-1 WELL However, only Plover which has already entered gas expulsion Critical : Gas expulsion was not necessesarily occured soon after gas generation Beginning of Plover SR Gas Expulsion: 41 Ma (Late Eocene)

43 S Location Pseudo well PW1 on S-N seismic section PW1 PW1 N Tanimbar Trough PW1 PW4

44 Maturity model PW1 : Plover Gas Generation Gas generation for Plover on ~ mya

45 SW Location pseudo well PW4 on seismic section PW4 NE PW1 PW4

46 Maturity model PW4 Paleozoic Gas Generation (?) Plover Gas Generation Gas generation for Plover on ~ mya Gas generation for Paleozoic ( Kulshill?) on ~ 0.8 mya

47 PETROLEUM TIME RISK CHART

48 West Abadi Area

49 Maturation-depth VS Thickness, West Abadi PS 6 PS 5 PS 3 PS 4 PS 1 PS 2 PS 7 PS 1 PS 6 PS 2 PS 3 PS 7 PS 8 Sediment overburden thickness is getting thinner westward Critical for gas maturation 47

50 1D BASIN HISTORY OF PS1 (WEST ABADI) -Westernmost of the area -Thinnest overburden rocks -Quite deep in depth (5173 ft) Triassic Gas Generation 12 Ma (Mid Miocene) Result : No Expulsion! Triassic Gas Expulsion has not occurred yet

51 Triassic Gas Generation 65 Ma (Early Paleocene) Plover Gas Generation 30 Ma (Oligocene) 1D BASIN HISTORY OF PS7 (WEST ABADI) -Easternmost of the area -Thickest overburden rocks -Shallower than PS-1 in depth (4860 ft) Result : Expulsion of Plover SR! Triassic Gas Expulsion 29 Ma (Late Oligocene) Plover Gas Expulsion 3.7 Ma (Pliocene)

52 BASIN MODELING IN PW-1 CLOSED TO TIMOR TROUGH NORTHEASTERN OF PS-7 Plover Gas Generation Plover Gas Expulsion PW-1 Timor Trough (deepest area) PS-7

53 W Location pseudo well PS6 & PS8 on seismic section PS 6 PS 6 PS 8 PS 8 E Timor Trough PW1 Sediment over over burden thickness is is getting thinner westward Critical for for gas gas maturation PS6 PS8 PW4 Maulana s

54 Maturity model PS6 Gas generation for Triassic and Plover sequences has not reached yet Maulana s

55 Maturity model PS8 Triassic Gas Generation Plover Gas Generation Gas generation for Plover on ~ mya Gas generation for Triassic on ~ mya Maulana s

56 West Timor Offshore

57 Pseudo well PS-1 located in the Timor Trough. Note the presence of foreland Plio- Pleistocene deposit. PS-1 PS-1 Top of Dombey Lst Depth Map NW SE Plio-Pleistocene deposit? Timor Trough

58 Maturity model PS-1 (included water column) Triassic Gas Generation Plover Gas Generation Gas generation for Plover on ~ mya Gas generation for Triassic on ~ mya

59 Maturity model PS-1 (excluded water column) Triassic Gas Generation Plover Gas Generation Gas generation for Plover on ~ mya Gas generation for Triassic on ~ mya

60 Pseudo well PS-2 located in the near south of Timor Trough. Note that Jurassic sequence / Plover equivalent (Callovian sequence) is still intact here. PS-2 PS2 Top of Dombey Lst Depth Map NW SE Timor Trough Plover eq.

61 Maturity model PS-2 (included water column) Triassic Gas Generation Plover Gas Generation Gas generation for Plover on ~ mya Gas generation for Triassic on ~ mya

62 Maturity model PS-2 (excluded water column) Triassic Gas Generation Plover Gas Generation Gas generation for Plover on ~ mya Gas generation for Triassic on ~ mya

63 Pseudo well PS-3 located in the slightly further south of Timor Trough. Note that Jurassic sequence / Plover equivalent (Callovian sequence) is completely truncated probably due to Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) erosion event. PS-3 PS-3 Top of Dombey Lst Depth Map NW SE Timor Trough

64 Maturity model PS-3 (included water column) Gas generation for Triassic sequences (Mt. Goodwin & Challis) has not reached yet

65 PS-5 Pseudo well PS-5 is constructed because a part of Plover sequence still exist after experiencing intensive Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) erosion event if it compared to PS-2 s. PS-5 Top of Dombey Lst Depth Map SW NE Plover eq.

66 Maturity model PS-5 (included water column) Triassic Gas Generation Gas generation for Triassic on ~ mya

67 Discussion : 1, 2, 3 : Estimated location of developing basin modeling (Charlton, 2004) Barber et.al., 2003

68 Slow Overthrusting Temperature distribution within the overthrust sheet and uverthrusted units after a slow ( 0.5 cm / year ) overthrusting (Wygrala et al., 1990)

69 Rapid Overthrusting Temperature distribution within the overthrust sheet and uverthrusted units after a rapid (5 cm / year) overthrusting (Wygrala et al., 1990)

70 Content : 1. Introduction 2. Tectonic setting and structural elememnts 3. Tectonostratigraphy 4. Case study : Timor- Tanimbar Trough ( basin modeling for tectonic collision and hydrocarbon generation) 5. Conclusion

71 Conclusions : During Paleozoic Mesozoic; eastern Indonesia was part of northern margin of Australian continent, therefore they have similar sediments succession Tectonic event during that duration mostly were rifting/break up of contintent, sedimentary rocks mostly composed by fluviatil transition - shallow marines deposits Paleozoic-Mesozoic succession are mostly well preserved in Sahul shelves including Northwest Australian and Arafura Shelves, and Papua Paleozoic-Mesozoic deposits in Australia Shelves mostly a fluviatil-shallow marine deposites, whereas in the foreland basin and trustbelt are deeper marine sediments Tertiary deposits in whole Eastern Indonesia reflects an complex tectonic interaction among Australia-Eurasia-Pacifics Plates movements. Sedimentary rocks ranging from deep marine to shallow marine deposits

72 Conclusions : Petroleum systems in Eastern Indonesia occured mainly in Mesozoic deposits in which potential source rock as prime element mainly developed It seems likely that onset Mesozoic source rock maturation relate to tectonic collision/deformation (Early Tertiary in eastern and Late Tertiary in western of the Timor Trough) Time of gas generation is varies, along passive margin of NW Australian Shelf to Timor-Tanimbar Trough, depends on factor controlling geologically setting due to evolution of the basement deformation??? Experiences by doing Joint Studies in others Eastern Indonesia basins suggest that tectonics collision play an important role to source rock maturation process ; therefore to understand basin evolution in such areas is very important

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74 1. Introduction 2. Tectonic setting and structural elements 3. Tectonostratigraphy Regional Geology Regional Setting & Basin Configuration Tectonic Evolution & Rifting Configuration Regional Stratigraphy & Petroleum Elements Regional Paleogeography & Petroleum System 4. Case study : Timor-Tanimbar Trough 5. Conclusion