INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN INNOVATIONS IN METRO RAIL. Gerald Ollivier Transport Cluster Leader Singapore, World Bank

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN INNOVATIONS IN METRO RAIL Gerald Ollivier Transport Cluster Leader Singapore, World Bank

2 Innovation 1: Density Aligned with Transit

3 From Serge Salat

4 London s Jobs densities are clearly clustered around subway stations Source: Urban Morphology Institute (2015)

5 Population Density (London) Source: Urban Morphology Institute (2015)

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9 Innovation 2: TOD-Land Value Capture Typology of Stations

10 The 3V Framework Node Value based on its location in the network Place Value based on its urban qualities Market Value, based on its economic potential The 3V Framework (Serge Salat, Gerald Ollivier)

11 Node Value (London Tube) 250 Number of stations Million people / year Number of lines per station Rank Source: Urban Morphology Institute 6 Hub, Interchange, Single station Diversity of connectivity Node Accessibility/Centrality Intensity of node activity

12 Place Value Mix of land uses Density of social infrastructure Compactness Physical form and street patterns Walkability and bikability Source: Urban Morphology Institute

13 Market Value Economic attractiveness for developers (job densities/accessibility; People density) Land and real estate opportunities (FAR/unbuilt land) Market prices and activity Land shortage at city level

14 Zhengzhou Line Ridership y = 81606x-0.69 R² = y = x R² = Stations ranked by ridership Job Residential Ratio More than 10 Human density (inhab & jobs/km²) More than 50000

15 Results in Zhengzhou Line 3

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17 Levers to Create Value in the 3V framework Node Value Place Value Increase number of hubs Increase compactness and number of lines/modes (proximity to existing urban they connect to activity and short travel time to main destinations) Interlink neighboring stations into clusters Increase diversity of uses Increase accessibility within the network for all Increase concentration of commercial, cultural and education amenities Design neighborhood that promote walking and biking Create vibrant public realm Market Value Increase residential density Increase job density Increase human density Increase diversity of land parcels to create a vibrant land market Allow for vertical separation of development rights Increase FARs Addressing Imbalances between those values

18 Innovation 3: Look at accessibility with open data (GTFS) and open tools (Open Transit Indicators)

19 Zhengzhou Urban Transport

20 Transit Level of Service Indicators Basic Transit System Indicators Routes 线路 Number of modes Total length of transit routes 公交模式数量 公交线路总长 Stops 站点 Number of stops Average distance between stops 公交站点总数 平均站点间距 Service Schedule 服务时间 Average headway/frequency Number of service hours On-time performance 平均发车频率 服务时长 准点性能评价

21 Transit Level of Service Indicators Advance Transit System Indicators Stop Coverage 站点覆盖率 Coverage of stops for certain radius 设定半径的站点覆盖率 Population Coverage 人口覆盖率 Percent of population living within certain radius of a transit stop 设定半径范围内覆盖的人口 与总人口百分比 Job Accessibility 岗位可达性 Percentage Percentage of of jobs jobs can can be be accessed from from certain certain area area within within accessed certain time by transit, weighted certain time by transit, weighted by by the the population population 设定时间内可到达的岗位百 分比 以人口为权重

22 Indicators Comparison 800m vs 1200m radius Scenarios (Difference from Base Scenario) Transit System Length (km) Bus & Metro Line 1 (Base Scenario) Number of Stops Coverage of Stops (800m radius) Coverage of Stops (1200m radius) Total Population Coverage (800m radius) Total Population Coverage (1200m radius) % 64.80% 86.15% 90.90% Bus Network Only Bus & Metro Line 1,2, (-24.91) (-20.00) 54.53% (-0.18%) 64.67% (-0.13%) 85.97% (-0.18%) 90.76% (-0.14%) (+41.34) (+33.00) 54.72% (+0.01%) 64.80% (-) 86.15% (-) 90.90% (-) Bus & Metro Line 1,2,3,4,5, ( ) (+91.00) 56.10% (+1.39%) 66.12% (+1.32%) 87.64% (+1.49%) 92.92% (+2.02) Low Income Population Coverage (800m radius) 85.92% 85.92% (-) 85.92% (-) 86.49% (+0.57%) Low Income Population Coverage (1200m radius) 90.52% 90.52% (-) 90.52% (-) 90.66% (+0.14%) 40.96% 37.86% (-3.10%) 42.98% (+2.02%) 47.57% (+6.61%) (+0.05) 7.47 (-0.08) 7.31 (-0.24) (+0.04) 6.83 (-0.04) 6.70 (-0.17) Job Accessibility (2020 Projection, within 90min during morning peak) Service Frequency Weighted by Total Population (mins) Service Frequency Weighted by Low Income Population (mins)

23 Accessibility for the Poor

24 Innovation 4: PPP Financing

25 From George Darido

26 PPP Example: Lima Metro 2: Project Financing Sources Government of Peru will finance its contribution towards the PPP from budgetary resources and loans provided by International Financial Institutions (IFIs). World Bank (IBRD) loan for US$ 300 million approved on September 15, 2015 (P145610) US$ million % of Financing Total Public Financing by GoP 4, % Total Foreign Debt 1, % IBRD (2015) % IADB % CAF % Other/future IFI loans % Public Treasury 2, % Concessionaire (Private Financing) 1, % Total Estimated Cost 5, %

27 Risk Matrix Risk Type Public, Private or Shared Risk Demand Public assumes all fare revenue risk and must develop and implement a public transport reorganization plan. Land Acquisition and Resettlement 100% Public, must provide required land to the concessionaire free and clear Design 100% Private, must meet all requirements and obtain required approvals Interferences and utilities Private is responsible for all known utility relocation, geological conditions and other related interferences. Public is responsible for all unknown utility relocation, geological conditions and chance archeological finds. Construction and Financing Private responsible for all costs and time overruns under its responsibility (input costs, availability of material and equipment, design or implementation problems, environmental requirements, etc). Operational Performance Ancillary revenues Shared: gross revenues to be split between Public and Private on all advertising, commercial leasing and other services within concession areas (stations and immediate surroundings) with approval by Granting Authority. Private must meet level of service requirements or is penalized. Private receives a minimum annual operations payment but Gov t may regulate level of service above this.

28 Innovation 5: Technology

29 From George Darido

30 THANKS!