ABSTRACT BOOK. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 1

Transcription

1 ABSTRACT BOOK CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 1

2 Contents INTEGRATED SOLUTION FOR SEAFLOOR MAPPING, PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION, March 27, :30 to 10:00. 5 PLANNING, FRONTIER-AREA SURVEYS, RESURVEY, HYDROGRAPHIC RISK AND UNCERTAINTY... 6 Hydrographic Risk Assessment Antarctica, March 27, :00 to 10: Yukon River Delta Investigations to Support Satellite Derived Bathymetry Validation, March 27, :20 to 10: Uncertainty Estimates in Satellite Derived Bathymetry, March 27, :20 to 11: Assessing Sounding Density for a Seabed 2030 Initiative, March 27, :40 to 11: Topographic-Bathymetric Lidar Total Propagated Uncertainty Modeling, March 27, :45 to 11: The Future of Crowdsourced Bathymetry: Fishfinder vs Leadline, March 27, :50 to 12: CHC Technical Session: DATA ACQUISITION - AIRBORNE AND AUTOMATED SURVEYING, ACQUISITION PLATFORMS AND INNOVATION Best Practices for Shallow Water Topo-Bathymetric Lidar Surveys, March 27, :00 to 1: Spatial Resolution of Airborne Bathymetric Lidar: Point Density vs Light Scattering, March 27, :20 to 1: Shoreline Verification Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), March 27, :40 to 2: Autonomous Unmanned Surface Vessel Bathymetric Survey, March 27, :00 to 2: Autonomous Navigation of US Nautical Charts, March 27, :20 to 2: CHC Technical Session: DATA PROCESSING AND DATA MANAGEMENT Evaluating Externally Sourced Bathymetric Data for Nautical Charting Purposes, March 27, :00 to 3: Linking Hydrographic Data Acquisition and Processing to Ocean Model Simulations, March 27, :20 to 3: Lidar Data Integration for Nautical Publication and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Workflows-Common Issues and Experiences at NOAA and CHS. March 27, :40 to 4: Charlene and Automated Hydrographic Data Processing, March 27, :00 to 4: Eastern Canada Bathymetric LiDAR survey, March 27, :00 to 4: Professional Development and Education Update on UNCLOS, March 28, :30 to 8: Canadian Hydrographer Certification Scheme, March 28, :50 to 9: IHO Cat A or B Programs in Canada and Overseas, March 28, :10 to 9: The Canadian Ocean Mapping Research and Education Network (COMREN), March 28, :30 to 9: Hydrography and Policy Developments Why Did the Clipper Clip It? The Clipper Adventurer Grounding, March 28, :30 to 11: S-121 Maritime Limits and Boundaries and Land Administration Domain Model, March 28, :00 to 11: Canada's Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure and Marine Cadastre application, March 28, :20 to 11: Offshore Infrastructure Surveys Preliminary Findings, March 28, :40 to 12: Recent Developments in Precise GNSS-Based Positionning and Near-Term Opportunities, March 28, :00 to 1: CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 2

3 Surveying on the Ellipsoid: A Hydrographic Perspective, March 28, :20 to 1: Canadian Geodetic Survey: Supporting Surveying and Geoscience Needs on Land and in Canada s Coastal Regions, March 28, :40 to 2: Canada's Continuous Vertical Datum (CVD), March 28, :00 to 2: Practical Hydrography Early Detection of Bridge Scour, March 28, :00 to 3: Autonomous vehicles: The Canadian Hydrographic Service Journey. March 28, :20 to 3: Port Terminal Facility Surveys with Multi-beam and Vessel Mounted Terrestiral Scanner, March 28, :40 to 4:00 Speaker: Ted Cain, Lead Hydrogropher, Public Services & Procurement Canada Supporting Cable and ROV Surveys in British Columbia and Overseas, March 28, :00 to 4: Survey of Natural Boundaries Using Drones, March 28, :20 to 4: CHARTING, NAVIGATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT QPS Nautical Charting Workflow: Walking a Ping from the Surveyor All the Way to the Pilot, March 29, :10 to 8: Benefits and Impacts to Nautical Charting by Adopting a New Reference Frame, March 29, :50 to 9: Bathymetric Surfaces to Charted Features: Defining a Smooth Path to Safety, March 29, :30 to 9: OTHER INNOVATIONS A Design for a Trusted Community Bathymetry System, March 29, :30 to 10: Radiometric Complications in Multibeam Multispectral Backscatter Data Due to Different Transmission Approaches, Solution and Results, March 29, :50 to 11: Quantifying the Impact of Internal Wave Activity on Multibeam Bathymetry, March 29, :10 to 11: Improved Sound Speed Control Through Remotely Detecting Thermocline Undulations, March 29, :30 to 11: Comparing the Automatic Boresight Calibration against the Patch Test, March 29, :50 to 12: SURVEYS, MAPPING AND THE VERTICAL COMPONENT Utilization of U.S. Geodetic Service coastal water level gauges in Mississippi to check VDatum tidal datum to NAD83 vertical separations, March 29, :20 to 1: Integrating Bathymetric Datasets in the Lower Saint John River to produce a Common Reference Surface, March 29, :40 to 2: MS-PAC: Multibeam System Automatic Parameter calibration, March 29, :40 to 11: MS-PAC: Multibeam System Automatic Parameter calibration The Rapid Harbor Search and Rescue by Mapping and Detecting the Seafloor with Acoustic Instruments, March 29, :20 to 2: Closing Keynote - FROM JUAN DE FUCA TO THE SALISH SEA: VOYAGING THE WATERWAY OF FORGOTTEN DREAMS PAST AND PRESENT, March 29, :30 to 3: Challenging Cadastral Survey Project Surveyor General Leads Development of ParcelMap BC CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 3

4 Inuvik to Tuktoyaktuk Highway, Northwest Territories-InukshukGeomtics Inc Challenging Non Cadastral Survey Project Engineering Survey of the Vancouver Public Library, Central Branch Survey Challenges Related to Installation and Integration of Topside Modules The George Massey Tunnel Automated Monitoring Project CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 4

5 INTEGRATED SOLUTION FOR SEAFLOOR MAPPING, PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION, March 27, :30 to 10:00 Speaker: Arne Johan Hestnes Arne Hestnes graduated with a Masters degree, in algorithm design for machine learning, at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. As a former NATO captain he ran an ESRI and ERDAS based survey unit during the war in the Balkans. The focus now is on integrating Kongsberg sensors, prioritizing multi and single beam echo sounders, in an open Cloud environment, KognifAi. Kongsberg Digital has developed a new digital platform: KognifAI. The goal with the Kognifai open platform ecosystem is to level the playing field and let everyone participate: customers, partners, vendors, ISVs, industry clusters, and entrepreneurs alike. Whether you work for a small company with limited resources or a large multinational organization, whether you own industry assets or is a vendor delivering services to it, Kognifai is open to everyone who wants to participate and help transform the industry through digitalization. KognifAI allows sonar data from multibeam echosounders and other sensors to be stored in a cloud environment. The data can then be processed in near real time and made available for distribution immediately. The Seafloor Information System is the logging system for Kongsberg Multibeams and together with the post-processing software SIS Plus it allows operators to store data in the KognifAI ecosystem. From there various products can be made by combining sonar data with data from other sources to provide the end-user with a complete understanding of the environment. These products can be available to everyone with access to KognifAI, from anywhere in the world, enabling both true remote control of an ongoing operation and access to results from previous operations. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 5

6 PLANNING, FRONTIER-AREA SURVEYS, RESURVEY, HYDROGRAPHIC RISK AND UNCERTAINTY Hydrographic Risk Assessment Antarctica, March 27, :00 to 10:20 Speaker: John Riding, Marico Marine NZ Ltd John Riding, founder and senior partner at MARICO Marine, a Southampton based firm specialising in practical management of marine risk. 12 years at sea, Masters Degree qualified. He had a key role at the UK MCA, developing IMO's risk-based approach to regulation (Formal Safety Assessment), preceded by years of casualty investigation. He applies risk based technology solutions to marine systems worldwide and is behind the development of the recent Hydrographic Risk Methodology, endorsed by the IHO. MARICO has over 22 years' experience working with Governments, port and harbour authorities and port companies worldwide. John's currently based in Marico s NZ office. The updating of Nautical Charting, based on risk is a relatively new science and a published methodology has only recently been endorsed by the IHO. A number of Hydrographic Risk Assessments have been undertaken, most recently for the whole of New Zealand EEZ waters and an approach to cost benefit for charting upgrades has been developed. Another large risk Assessment is progressing, this time covering the Antarctic waters of the Ross Sea together with the waters surrounding the remote Sub-Antarctic Islands. The development of appropriate risk criteria for risk calculations for this area is challenging, as the environment is key. Ship traffic is low, making risk definition between locations difficult to quantify, but the level of cruise interest is rising year on year. This paper explains the approach used to develop a Hydrographic Risk profile for these remote waters and with the permission of Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), will share some preliminary results. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 6

7 Yukon River Delta Investigations to Support Satellite Derived Bathymetry Validation, March 27, :20 to 10:40 Speaker: Damian Manda, NOAA LT Damian Manda is currently serving as the Operations Officer on NOAA Ship Fairweather, where he directs hydrographic survey operations and data processing. His academic background includes a Master's Degree in Ocean Engineering from the University of New Hampshire, where he developed algorithms for the integration of autonomous surface vehicles into surveying, and a Bachelors in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Colorado. The Yukon River delta presents challenges for maintaining updated navigation charts. Every year, the channel can significantly shift due to the influence of ice and high currents during spring runoff. Yearly resurvey is impractical due to the large size of the river delta and remoteness of the area, but the channel provides a critical pathway for goods delivery to over 100 villages upriver so supply boats navigate blindly each spring, often repeatedly running aground on initial attempts. In order to provide a more adequate chart product, NOAA has investigated alternative methods of updating hazards and defining the safe channel. While the channel is shallow, sediment in the water prevents airborne lidar survey. Additionally, traditional satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) methods are not possible, but a specialized type defining shoals and channels by color relating to the density of the sediment was developed and has been previously detailed in multiple papers. In 2017, NOAA Ship Fairweather was tasked with collecting the first actively sensed bathymetric data in the Yukon river delta since The survey methodology targeted defining a navigable channel through the delta and investigating the efficacy of the specialized SDB approach in this area. Acquisition planning was guided by AIS data and a color coded SDB rendition. Survey launches with multibeam echosounders were primarily used for depth measurement, supplemented by a shallow draft jet boat mounted water single beam. The bathymetric survey results are presented, along with supplementary data about the delta including CTD profiles and currents. An analysis of calibration and comparison between the SDB and measured depths examines its applicability to charting. The results of Fairweather s work in the Yukon River delta will place the first updated soundings on the chart for over 100 years and facilitate an understanding of methodology for more rapid updates in the future. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 7

8 Morphological Evolution of Nearshore Sandbank System Using Repeat Multibeam Sonar Surveys: Examples from the East Coast of the United Kingdom, March 27, :00 to 11:20 Speaker: Majed Salama Almehmadi, University of Southampton/King Abdulaziz University Majed Salama Almehmadi is a faculty member at the Department of Hydrographic Survey at the Faculty of Maritime Studies at King Abdulaziz University. Majed received an M.Eng degree in Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering (ocean mapping option) from the University of New Brunswick and a B.Sc. in Marine Physics from King Abdulaziz University. He is currently a Ph.D. Candidate in Marine Geology and Geophysics within Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton. The Inner Great Yarmouth sand banks (IGYSB) are a group of mobile nearshore banks in the southern North Sea, off the East Anglian coast in the United Kingdom. IGYSB movement can be hazardous for navigation, as access to two ports in the region is controlled. Therefore, a better understanding of the banks short-term trends and patterns can be employed to influence hydrographic surveying programme development strategies by focusing on the most highly dynamic areas. Time series data for 50 multibeam swath bathymetry surveys for the IGYSB system were undertaken from 2004 to The results of the trend analysis indicate that the IGYSBS are highly dynamic and have undergone significant morphological changes, with short-term variations from one bank to another due to hydrodynamic variations at their geographical location. The gross movement of the banks illustrates complex patterns demonstrating northern migration, as well as an increase in the banks physical extent in the alongshore direction. The results further illustrate that this migration is due to the shoaling and breaking of waves. The forward-backward motion of the flood and ebb provides additional erosional action of the sediments by means of traction, saltation, and suspension. The dominant factor of the banks migration is primarily controlled by large-scale, competing, and seasonal weather changes. The average maximum migration rates of the IGYSB system over the 11-year period were approximately 60.9 m yr-1; the average minimum migration rates were approximately 2.3 m yr-1. Furthermore, a strong relationship was found between the size of the banks and the migration rates. The smaller the banks, the more rapid their migration. During the 11-year period, most banks decreased in size. As of 2014, as a manifestation of the increased distance of migration, these banks have significantly decreased in volume. In addition, they may have reached their minimum possible or allowable size. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 8

9 Uncertainty Estimates in Satellite Derived Bathymetry, March 27, :20 to 11:40 Speaker: Richard Flemmings, TCarta Marine Based in Bristol, UK, Richard is a partner in TCarta and responsible for company operations and management. Richard has been involved in the geospatial industry for more than 16 years. He has an MSc in Geographical Information Science and significant world-wide experience in offshore, airborne, land and satellite based surveys and mapping. Richard is a Project Management Professional (PMP) and is experienced in project design, workflow development and lean management principles. He is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (FRGS) and a Chartered Geographer (CGeog GIS)." By avoiding the logistical issues of conventional survey methods, Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) offers great potential to map clear shallow waters quickly and efficiently. Unfortunately the remote sensing methods used for SDB generation do not lend themselves to the creation of uncertainty estimates a vital and accepted part of conventional surveys. Without trustworthy uncertainty estimates, especially in regions devoid of any conventional ground truth bathymetry, SDB is unlikely to get much acceptance as a data source for an industry used to the results that can be obtained using conventional survey methods. TCarta Marine has considerable experience in generating SDB around the world and has recently used this experience to develop meaningful uncertainty estimates for the SDB depths produced. This paper describes the methods used by TCarta Marine to create the uncertainty estimates and explores how these may be enhanced in the future to bring SDB generation alongside conventional survey methods in terms of data trustworthiness. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 9

10 Assessing Sounding Density for a Seabed 2030 Initiative, March 27, :40 to 11:45 Speaker: Meredith Westington, NOAA/Office of Coast Survey Ms. Westington has worked for NOAA's Office of Coast Survey (OCS) since During her tenure, she has worked on a diverse set of issues ranging from establishing the U.S. digital maritime limits and boundaries, expanding and improving NOAA s Historical Map and Chart Collection, and data management to support coastal and marine nowcast/forecast modeling. Prior to joining OCS, she worked offshore and maintained the navigation equipment and related data collection for seismic survey operations. She has a B.S. degree in geology from Virginia Tech and an M.S. degree in GIS management from Salisbury University. In preparation for a U.S. Seabed 2030 initiative, a team from NOAA's Office of Coast Survey, the University of New Hampshire Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, and NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) embarked on a bathymetric coverage and gap analysis. The project was designed to serve two purposes: (1) determine and compute the mapped and not mapped areas of the US EEZ and continental shelf, and (2) provide a quantitative and visual representation to support the planning of integrated coastal and ocean mapping campaign. All modern depth soundings (1960 or later) in the U.S. EEZ and adjacent continental shelf were extracted from NCEI databases and associated with a 100-m grid of the area. To perform accurate area computations in regional partitions across the US full EEZ and effectively manage server resources, the work was divided into approximately 170 UTM tiles, each spanning 6 degrees in longitude and 4 degrees in latitude. The results were analyzed for sounding density, and divided into categories of coverage for display in a GIS environment. This presentation will show the methods and results of this project and present some possible next steps. Authors: Meredith Westington (OCS), Paul Johnson (CCOM), Andrew Armstrong (OCS/CCOM), Mike Sutherland (NCEI/CIRES), Jesse Varner (NCEI/CIRES), and Jennifer Jencks (NCEI) CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 10

11 Topographic-Bathymetric Lidar Total Propagated Uncertainty Modeling, March 27, :45 to 11:50 Speaker: Christopher Parrish, Oregon State University Dr. Christopher Parrish is an Associate Professor of Geomatics and the Eric H.I. and Janice Hoffman Faculty Scholar in the School of Civil and Construction Engineering at Oregon State University. His research focuses on full-waveform lidar, topographic-bathymetric lidar, hyperspectral imagery, uncertainty modeling, and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for coastal applications. He holds a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering with an emphasis in Geospatial Information Engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, an M.S. in Civil and Coastal Engineering with an emphasis in Geomatics from the University of Florida, and a B.S. in Physics from Bates College. Topographic-bathymetric lidar data sets collected by NOAA s National Geodetic Survey (NGS) have been found to be highly effective for updating the National Shoreline depicted on NOAA nautical charts. Using short pulse widths, high pulse repetition rates and narrow receiver fields of view, novel topo-bathy lidar systems provide the capability to generate high-resolution data across the land-water interface. If the nearshore bathymetry from these systems can also be routinely assimilated into NOAA hydrographic processing pipelines for application to NOAA nautical charts, this will assist in addressing the current lack of data in many shallow, nearshore areas, including those shoreward of the Navigable Area Limit Line (NALL), typically defined as the 4-m depth contour. Additionally, expanding the utility of the topo-bathy lidar data within NOAA s Office of Coast Survey (OCS) will directly support the map once, use many times paradigm of the Integrated Ocean and Coastal Mapping (IOCM) Program. However, a hindrance to integration of topobathy lidar data into OCS s hydrographic processing workflows is the current lack of tools and procedures for quantitative analysis and reporting of the uncertainty associated with the lidar bathymetry, in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44 Standards for Hydrographic Surveys (5th Edition). This project seeks to address this challenge by developing operational software for topo-bathy lidar total propagated uncertainty (TPU) modeling to be used in NGS. The TPU model is broken into two components: one focused on the sub-aerial (i.e., above water) portion using analytical uncertainty modeling techniques, and the second on the sub-aqueous portion, utilizing Monte Carlo ray tracing. The results of the initial tests of the TPU software on Riegl VQ-880-G topo-bathy lidar data collected by NGS in a southwest Florida project site demonstrate the utility of the tool, which is anticipated to enter operational use in NGS within the next year. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 11

12 The Future of Crowdsourced Bathymetry: Fishfinder vs Leadline, March 27, :50 to 12:00 Speaker: Adam Reed, NOAA LCDR Adam Reed has served in NOAA Corps since 2008, sailing aboard NOAA Ship Rainier, NOAA Ship Fairweather, and NOAA Ship Ferdinand R. Hassler. Currently he works at NOAA's Office of Coast Survey's Integrated Ocean and Coastal Mapping Program. Crowdsourced bathymetry data is a valuable asset for hydrographic. Crowdsourcing is capable of providing frequent data in areas susceptible to change, and in areas where traditional hydrographic survey is cost prohibitive to perform as often as needed. Yet where does crowdsourced bathymetry data fit in with the discipline of hydrographic survey and nautical charting? What are the best ways to utilize crowdsourced bathymetry data? How can we be participating in the campaign to increase contributor participation and available pathways of harvesting data? This presentation will address the current public and private sources, and upcoming initiatives to expand and improve crowdsourced bathymetry data. We will discuss outreach strategies for hydrographic organizations to increase crowdsourced participation. Finally we will explore the potential hydrographic uses of crowdsourced bathymetry, and what questions and barriers exist. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 12

13 CHC Technical Session: DATA ACQUISITION - AIRBORNE AND AUTOMATED SURVEYING, ACQUISITION PLATFORMS AND INNOVATION Best Practices for Shallow Water Topo-Bathymetric Lidar Surveys, March 27, :00 to 1:20 Speaker: Tim Webster, Applied Geomatics Research Group, Nova Scotia Community College Tim is a research scientist with the Applied Geomatics Research Group at Nova Scotia Community College. He has been with the college for 25 years, with over 15 as a research scientist. His research focus is mapping and modeling processes in the coastal zone. In 2017 he received the Geomatics Association of Nova Scotia Award of Distinction, in 2010 the Gulf of Maine Council Visionary Award. He obtained his PhD from Dalhousie University in 2006, MSc from Acadia in 1996, an Advanced Diploma in Remote Sensing from the College of Geographic Sciences in 1988, BSc from UNB in Topo-bathymetric lidar sensors offer a unique ability to capture the white ribbon, the zone between the land and the deeper water, where data can be challenging to acquire. The Chiroptera II system is equipped with two lasers: a 1064 nm topographic & water surface laser capable of a pulse repetition of 500 khz and a 515 nm laser capable of a pulse repetition of 35 khz and a RCD30 multispectral camera. This sensor is ideal for surveying the white ribbon, however water clarity can limit the amount of depth penetration. Additional constraints effecting the lidar sea floor returns include the reflectively of the bottom and the occurrence of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). We deploy real-time turbidity buoys that are connected to the internet to inform the lidar operations team on water clarity conditions. Extensive ground truthing is carried out near synchronously with the aerial survey to understand the water and seabed conditions and to map the height of SAV. In addition to updating the bathymetry of coastal areas and harbours, the intensity data from the green laser can be combined with elevation metrics (e.g. roughness) and the photography to generate benthic cover maps. The seamless elevation model are used to generate coastal hydrodynamic models. These circulation models that exploit the high resolution seamless DEM, benthic maps and height SAV as input parameters for roughness and can be used in variety of applications including: tracking the trajectory of contaminants (e.g. oil, bacteria), suitability analysis for siting new aquaculture farms, and storm surge and wave models. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 13

14 Spatial Resolution of Airborne Bathymetric Lidar: Point Density vs Light Scattering, March 27, :20 to 1:40 Speaker: Viktor Feygels, Teledyne Optech, Inc. Dr. Viktor Feygels specializes in the theoretical and practical elements of lidar design and has over 48 years of experience at different corporations ("Leninetc" Scientific & Industrial Corp. (Russia), EG&G, NASA), including 7 years as a consultant with Teledyne Optech and 14 more years as a Teledyne Optech employee. Dr. Viktor Feygels received his M.S. degree in quantum electronics from St. Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics & Optics (SPUITMO), a M.S. in computer science from St. Petersburg Aircraft Instrument Making Institute, and a Ph.D. degree in quantum electronics & oceanography from SPUITMO, in 1970, 1975 and 1991, respectively. His areas of expertise are lidar bathymetry and measurement of the optical properties of water using lidar return signal, receiver optimization theory for lidar systems, underwater object detection theory, and underwater vision systems with matrix receivers. Dr. Feygels is currently the Chief Scientist at Teledyne Optech's Kiln facilities, and has been heavily involved in the theoretical and practical design of the CZMIL (Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar) system. He is the author of more than 75 scientific papers, the holder of 10 patents, and the winner of the 532 Award from JALBTCX (Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise). To improve the resolution of airborne lidar systems at an adequate seabed mapping performance, lidar designers make efforts to increase the density of the sensed points on the sea surface. To date, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for topographic lidars approaches the value of 1 MHz to provide points/m2 for typical altitudes and scan angles. The same trend is observed in bathymetric lidar development: the market offers systems with the PRF of 550kHz and the distance between the footprints of the sounding laser pulses on the water surface of the order of cm. Specific feature of laser bathymetry is a strong scattering of the laser beam in the range of small scattering angles, which leads to widening of the sensed spots on the bottom and overlapping of neighboring footprints from the independent impulses. The effect increases with depth and seawater turbidity, and depends on the shape of the medium volume scattering function close to forward direction. Contribution of the light scattering in the water into the sensed spot size on the bottom cannot be compensated by the reduction of the sounding laser beam divergence and the receiver fieldof-view angle. The Report considers quantitative estimates for the size of sensed bottom footprints for airborne bathymetric lidar for various water types depending on carrier altitude, sounding pulse divergence, and lidar receiver field-of-view. The analysis is based on diffuse small-angle-scattering approximation for the radiative transfer equation in the frames of multiple forward single backscattering model of oceanographic lidar response signal. Application of the results to optimize the PRF for a given airborne bathymetry task and environment characteristics should account for the fact that lidar source PRF is increased at the cost of a decrease in separate emitted pulse energy and inevitable reduction of the lidar operation depth. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 14

15 Shoreline Verification Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), March 27, :40 to 2:00 Speaker: Andrew Orthmann, TerraSond Limited Andrew Orthmann manages NOAA charting work for TerraSond in Palmer, Alaska. He has 18 years of experience in the field of hydrographic survey, including nine years for Fugro Pelagos. He holds a B.S. in Geography (2000) from the University of Alaska Fairbanks and is a NSPS-THSOA Certified Hydrographer (#225). TerraSond, a hydrographic services company based in Palmer, Alaska (USA), used several Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to verify shoreline locations operating from a 105 (32 m) research vessel from July through August, 2017 on a major hydrographic survey in the Gulf of Alaska. The UAV provided a rapid method for verifying historic shoreline location and features while providing greater safety for hydrographers by reducing small boat operations near shore. This paper explores the challenges and potential of this approach to shoreline mapping. Authors: Andrew Orthmann Grant Cain Thomas Newman CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 15

16 Autonomous Unmanned Surface Vessel Bathymetric Survey, March 27, :00 to 2:20 Speaker: Paul L. Donaldson, Survey Operations Coordinator/Chief Hydrographer, Leidos Mr. Donaldson is currently the Chief Hydrographer and Survey Operations Coordinator for the Maritime Systems Division of Leidos, with experience in hydrographic survey, geographic information systems, and hydrographic survey systems. Mr. Donaldson is a certified hydrographer (#241) and has served on the National Society of Professional Surveyors hydrographers certification board since Mr. Donaldson started conducting hydrographic surveys in 1999 and recently led the installation, testing and survey effort for autonomous bathymetric surveys as part of the U.S. Navy s Gulf of Mexico Unmanned Systems Operational Demonstration (GOMOD) and the U.S. Navy s Advanced Naval Technology Exercise (ANTX 2017). He received a B.S. in logy from Lenoir-Rhyne University and an M.S. in marine logy from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. In 2017, Leidos participated in both the Gulf of Mexico Unmanned Systems Operational Demonstration (GOMOD) and the Advanced Naval Technology Exercise 2017 (ANTX 2017). Leidos used the R/V Pathfinder vessel, which is the surrogate testing platform to the Sea Hunter medium displacement unmanned surface vessel (MDUSV), and performed multibeam sonar hydrographic surveys in autonomous mode. The vessel maintained COLREGs (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) compliance reacting to both real-world and injected interferers to test the ability of the system to divert from the planned survey line during a COLREGS maneuver and the re-acquire the survey line once safe to do so. This paper will present the R/V Pathfinder systems, the results from the surveys, and next steps. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 16

17 Autonomous Navigation of US Nautical Charts, March 27, :20 to 2:30 Speakers: Val Schmidt, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire Sam Reed, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / University of New Hampshire Val Schmidt Val completed his Master s Degree in Ocean Engineering from the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire in His thesis involved development of an underwater acoustic positioning system for whales that had been tagged with an acoustic recording sensor package. Val continues to direct research and engineering involving autonomous surface and underwater vehicles, sensor development, and sonar signal processing within the Center. Sam Reed Sam graduated from the University of New Hampshire in 2015 with his BS in Electrical Engineering. Currently he is working on his MS in Electrical Engineering at University of New Hampshire. For his Masters research, Sam is working on nautical chart aware autonomous surface vehicles for the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping. Although much interest has been given to the use of autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) for hydrographic data collection, little thought has been given to the utility of currently available chart products for safe navigation of the ASV itself. In the United States, chart products are currently available in digital form, as both cartographic raster images of traditional paper charts and as vector representations of cartographic data, ( BSB files and electronic nautical charts (ENCs), respectively). Here we evaluate these chart products with an eye to common methods by which artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms would likely use them. We find that the raster cartographic nature of BSB nautical charts leaves a complex interpretation problem for computers to recognize and understand their nuance. However, the BSB cartographic representation holds useful information that can be difficult to infer from electrical nautical charts, particularly when size of objects are implicitly tied to the scale of the chart. Further we find that while ENCs provide near instantaneous interpretation, the data must be reorganized for fast search. Additionally, some features, notably docks and breakwaters, are represented in the ENC in a single dimension (a line) even though they subtend a finite second dimension, forcing the AI algorithm to buffer objects to ensure safe navigation. When objects fail to have explicit measurements (for example a measured depth) encoded in the ENC, one is left to interpret their relative hazard from qualitative s. This interpretation can be particularly challenging when the qualitative s are referenced to the local vertical datum. Finally, the ENC s compilation scale, when encoded, is particularly useful as it provides an implicit measure of uncertainty about the chart information, determining the granularity with which navigation choices can be made. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 17

18 CHC Technical Session: DATA PROCESSING AND DATA MANAGEMENT Evaluating Externally Sourced Bathymetric Data for Nautical Charting Purposes, March 27, :00 to 3:20 Speaker: Adam Reed, NOAA LCDR Adam Reed has served in NOAA Corps since 2008, sailing aboard NOAA Ship Rainier, NOAA Ship Fairweather, and NOAA Ship Ferdinand R. Hassler. Currently he works at NOAA's Office of Coast Survey's Integrated Ocean and Coastal Mapping Program International Hydrographic Standards drive the requirements for any bathymetric data utilized by hydrographic offices in their nautical chart products. However, what should hydrographic organizations do with readily available, modern survey data acquired by a non-hydrographic source? In many cases, these data may be the best available for nautical chart updates but may meet a lesser IHO accuracy standard. Failure to incorporate the best available data to nautical charts causes discrepancies with other mapping sources, and represents a dangerous choice given to the mariner. The quantity of available bathymetric data from non-hydrographic sources and sources not contracted for hydrographic survey will only continue to grow. This presentation will explore NOAA Office of Coast Survey s initiatives and progress over the past year in expanding the breadth and capacity for utilizing externally sourced data to improve nautical charts. The primary topics will include the methods of data discovery, documentation and tracking, challenges in making the data discoverable, use cases and chartablity of data received, the results experienced by Office of Coast Survey, and the lessons learned. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 18

19 Linking Hydrographic Data Acquisition and Processing to Ocean Model Simulations, March 27, :20 to 3:40 Speaker: Ian Church, University of New Brunswick Dr. Ian Church is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering at the University of New Brunswick, where he leads the Ocean Mapping Group. Prior to starting at UNB in 2016, he was an Assistant Professor with the Hydrographic Science Research Center at the University of Southern Mississippi. His current research interested include hydrodynamic numerical ocean modelling, marine habitat mapping, acoustic water column interpretation, and processing crowdsourced bathymetry data. Numerical hydrodynamic ocean models and the hydrographic sciences are closely linked. Ocean models are capable of outputting physical oceanographic conditions, such as tides, currents and the distribution of temperature and salinity at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. To assist with model development, hydrographic survey bathymetry defines the bottom boundary of the model domain, and often nautical charts are used as a source of model coastlines and intertidal elevations. The potential exists for the development of a symtic relationship between the two sciences. Ocean modelling simulations require a detailed understanding of the shape and roughness of the seafloor to constrain the movement of water throughout an area but also output the physical oceanographic variables needed to process underwater acoustic data and help predict tidal elevations and current fluctuations. This paper investigates the interaction of ocean modelling and hydrographic surveying from several perspectives and examines the interdependence of both in terms of model construction and hydrographic data acquisition and processing. Three case studies are investigated in diverse oceanographic conditions, including a west coast fjord, a highly stratified estuary in the Bay of Fundy, and the Arctic. Past, present and future hydrographic survey integrations with ocean modelling are presented, ranging from estimating seafloor roughness to processing crowdsourced bathymetry data. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 19

20 Lidar Data Integration for Nautical Publication and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Workflows-Common Issues and Experiences at NOAA and CHS. March 27, :40 to 4:00 Speakers: Stephen Parsons and Gretchen Amahori Stephen Parsons has worked for the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) for 25 years, currently as an Engineering Projects Supervisor. He is a graduate of the University of New Brunswick where he obtained his B.ScE and M.Sc.E. from the department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering and is a registered Professional Engineer in the province of Nova Scotia. His past interests and research have involved early seamless vertical datum model developments and using GPS and GNSS for the measurements of tide in Canada. Over the last 7 year he has been increasingly involved as CHS Technical Authority on bathymetric Lidar/MBES projects.. Authors: Stephen Parsons, Mike Aslaksen, Gretchen Imahori, Graham Bondt, Clare McCarthy, Stephen White Over the last 10 years, enhancements to lidar sensors have encouraged the increased use of bathymetric lidar for a variety of applications. As a result, the quantity of bathymetric lidar data has increased substantially. Today, there remains an overwhelming struggle to fully integrate this data within a wide variety of data products requiring standard accuracy and attribution requirements. In the case of hydrographic office workflows, lidar data must suit current software applications used to produce Nautical Publications and is highly tied to the need to produce standard results that follow IHO standards (S-57). When lidar data enters the SDI data workflow the needs are somewhat different and are oriented around more general uses of the data, however, elements such as detailed attribution are more important. There are also many common issues that both workflows share. This paper describes the common issues and experiences that have been identified between NOAA and the CHS over the last several years and describes an overall, current approach to data integration to help better understand the needs and improvements required for an efficient and beneficial application of bathymetric lidar to a wider range of end users. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 20

21 Charlene and Automated Hydrographic Data Processing, March 27, :00 to 4:20 Speaker: Eric Younkin, NOAA Eric Younkin is a physical scientist with the Office of Coast Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). He works at the Hydrographic Systems and Technology Branch in Silver Spring, MD, and is responsible for the development, testing and support of new hydrographic technology for NOAA field units and offices. Eric has a B.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology from Western Carolina University and has worked with NOAA since 2010, including 6 years as a NOAA commissioned officer. Hydrographic data processing can be a tedious and time-consuming task, especially over large areas. NOAA field units execute a standard routine each night to generate products used for creating the next day s plan and basic data quality control, and thus rapid and accurate processing is vital. Recognizing this need in the industry, both Teledyne CARIS and Applanix have recently released a set of tools that provide access to their core processing algorithms, providing any users with basic scripting or programming skills the ability to automate most, or all, of their data processing. NOAA has developed an open-source Python application we call Charlene, that integrates Caris Batch and Applanix POSPac Batch utilities as well as NOAA developed tools for quality control and data transfer. Charlene has been in testing and production for most of 2017, allowing NOAA field units to fully automate daily processing, thus ensuring an efficient, timely workflow. The Charlene workflow is around 10% faster than manual operations, but more importantly, requires no operator time after the initial setup and run. As a result, the hydrographer has more time to analyze data quality issues, work on existing projects, and make timely operational decisions based on the previous day s data. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 21

22 Eastern Canada Bathymetric LiDAR survey, March 27, :00 to 4:20 Speaker: Jeff Lower, IIC Technologies Jeff Lower is the Executive Vice President of IIC Technologies. He has 23+ years of geospatial experience, managing programs for multiple federal agencies. His recent work includes international bathymetric LiDAR projects in Canada and Panama. Jeff received a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degree in Geography from the University of Florida. At the beginning of his career, he was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Florida, teaching courses in GIS and advanced cartography. He is a licensed photogrammetric surveyor in Oregon, and Virginia. From the fall of 2016 to the summer of 2017, IIC collected and processed over 10,000 sq. km of bathymetric LiDAR data and multispectral/hyperspectral imagery for the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS). The project included four areas (Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island). The team utilized the Optech CZMIL sensor mounted in a Piper Navajo. The project contained many challenges, including remote areas with no gasoline, nor'easter storms, snow, frigid temperatures and highly variable water conditions. This presentation will highlight the project and results, innovative technologies, as well as the many lessons learned in the process. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 22

23 Professional Development and Education Update on UNCLOS, March 28, :30 to 8:50 Speaker: Ted McDorman, University of Victoria I joined the Faculty of Law in 1985 and was promoted to professor in My teaching areas include public international law, international trade law, international ocean and environmental law, and private international law (conflicts of law). I taught Canadian constitutional law for many years and also taught Canadian environmental law and comparative Asian law. I have a cross-appointment with the Department of Geography and am an Associate of the Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives. I have been a visiting professor at institutions in Thailand, Sweden, the Netherlands and Canada. I have over 100 publications in the areas of ocean law and policy, international trade law and comparative constitutional law. Since 2000, I have been the editor-in-chief of Ocean Development and International Law: The Journal of Marine Affairs. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 23

24 Canadian Hydrographer Certification Scheme, March 28, :50 to 9:10 Speaker: Nancy Kearnan, Q.L.S., C.L.S, Director General, Northern Governance for Crown Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs (CIRNA) Nancy Kearnan, Q.L.S., C.L.S is Director General, Northern Governance for Crown Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs (CIRNA). Her key portfolio files include: Northern governance policy, the ongoing negotiation of Nunavut Devolution, Territorial acts legislative amendments, audits, Emergency management policy and planning, the Territorial Commissioners governments and other initiatives such as reconciliation with the Inuit. In her previous senior management career position, Ms. Kearnan was Associate Regional Director General in Manitoba with Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. Ms Kearnan has held several senior positions in government including: Geomatics Attaché for Latin America (Foreign Affairs), National Program Manager /Geomatics for Property Rights on Aboriginal and Heritage Lands (Natural Resources Canada), Head of Land Claims and Deputy Surveyor General North. Ms. Kearnan continues to serve on the Association of Canada Lands Surveyors Discipline and Offshore committees. Ms. Kearnan has two professional designations as a Canada Lands Surveyor and as a Quebec Land Surveyor. Ms. Kearnan attended Laval University where she obtained a Bachelors Degree in Applied Sciences. In addition she completed her Masters coursework in Ethics at l Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Prior to joining the federal civil service in 1998, Ms. Kearnan owned and operated a land survey firm in Quebec. Ms. Kearnan is trilingual, English, French and Spanish. The Canadian Hydrographer Certification program was developed by the Association of Canada Lands Surveyors (ACLS) and was officially recognized by the IHO/FIG/ICA International Board of Standards and Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors and Nautical Cartographers (IBSC) in April of 2016 and is now ready to receive applications. The Canadian program is the second internationally recognized scheme in the world. The program was designed to promote IBSC- Accredited Category A or B training in Canada, while standardizing knowledge and experience requirements for individuals possessing non-accredited hydrographic surveying training and experience. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 24

25 IHO Cat A or B Programs in Canada and Overseas, March 28, :10 to 9:30 Speaker: Shelly Leighton Shelly Leighton has spent a number of years working in the offshore oil and gas industry as well as on heavy civil projects in Newfoundland. She has worked as offshore surveyor, data processor and project manager for construction support projects worldwide. Shelly has a Master s in Oil and Gas Engineering from Memorial University. She started her career upon graduation from the University of New Brunswick in 2007 with a Bachelor of Science and Engineering in Geodesy and Geomatics. Shelly is currently an Instructor with the School of Ocean Technology at the Marine Institute at St. John's NL. She teaches in the Ocean Mapping Program, an IHO Cat B program. This session will highlight programs that offer IHO Category A or B. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 25

26 The Canadian Ocean Mapping Research and Education Network (COMREN), March 28, :30 to 9:50 Speaker: Nicolas Seube, CIDCO Nicolas SEUBE graduated in 1992 from Paris University in 1992 with a PhD in applied mathematics. He was Professor and coordinator of the French category A program in Ocean Mapping at the ENSTA Bretagne (France) from 1994 to Since 2014 he acts as the scientific director of the CIDCO in Rimouski, Qc, Canada. His present research interest includes mobile mapping systems advanced calibration and error analysis, survey data error detection and estimation for both LiDAR and multibeam system. The COMREN Network has been created on 1 November 2016, with the following partners (CIDCO, Laval University, UNB, Memorial University/Marine Institute, NSCC, Ottawa University, York University, BCIT). The purpose of the COMREN is to develop research activities, achieve technology transfer to the Industry, develop and run educational programs, in liaison with government agencies, to increase Canada s capacity in research and education in Ocean Mapping. This includes opportunities for HQP to develop their capacity in, and specialized knowledge of, ocean mapping. COMREN primary role and focus is on finding improvements in ocean mapping systems, methods, data processing and management tools to address challenges of ocean mapping for the benefit of environmental protection, economic development, and safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activities. The emphasis will be on developing national expertise to meet the challenges of Canada s ocean mapping. COMREN provides a framework for new scientific knowledge, industrial applications for problems related to ocean mapping. COMREN will advise the hydrographic community on best practices, effective and efficient technologies and processes to share amongst its member and the broader ocean mapping community. COMREN will facilitate practical collaboration between members. The presentation will focus on the structure and aims of COMREN and will also highlight the first COMREN on-going projects. CHC-NSC 2018 Conference P a g e 26