Contents ABSTRACT BOOK

Transcription

1 ABSTRACT BOOK Contents 3D Nation Requirements and Benefits Study: Valuing Elevation Data... 4 A crowdsource approach for capacity building in North Canada / session title: Crowd sourcing... 5 A Design for a Trusted Community Bathymetry System... 6 Accuracy of the Pacific Region Hydrographic Vertical Separation Surface model using 2016/2017 Field Data... 7 Accuracy of the Pacific Region Hydrographic Vertical Separation Surface model using 2016/2017 Field Data... 8 Assessing Sounding Density for a Seabed 2030 Initiative... 9 Autonomous Navigation of US Nautical Charts Autonomous Unmanned Surface Vessel Bathymetric Survey Autonomous vehicles: The Canadian Hydrographic Service Journey Bathymetric Surfaces to Charted Features: Defining a Smooth Path to Safety Benefits and Impacts to Nautical Charting by Adopting a New Reference Frame Berthing scale Electronic Navigational Charts: combining multibeam echo-sounder data and laser scanner data into a seamless product Best Practices for shallow water topo-bathymetric lidar surveys Building Robust Observational Systems to supply Dynamic Hydrographic Products for E- navigation under Canada's Ocean Protection Plan Canada's Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure and Marine Cadastre application Charlene and Automated Hydrographic Data Processing Comparing the Automatic Boresight Calibration against the Patch Test Developmental and Operational Dynamic Ocean Modeling to support Dynamic Hydrographic Products under Canada Oceans Protection Plan Dynamic information in support of safe and efficient navigation in Canada Eastern Canada Bathymetric LiDAR survey... 23

2 etrac's Evaluation of Qimera: Accomplishing the NOAA Workflow Evaluating Externally Sourced Bathymetric Data for Nautical Charting Purposes GNSS Wave Sensor Module for Deployment on Existing Buoy Infrastructure: Comparison and Validation of Co-located GNSS and Accelerometer Wave Sensors Haida Gwaii ENC and Paper scheme Hydrogaphic Risk Assessment - Antarctica Improved sound speed control through remotely detecting thermocline undulations Integrated solution for seafloor mapping, processing and distribution Integrating Bathymetric Datasets in the Lower Saint John River to produce a Common Reference Surface Lidar Data Integration for Nautical Publication and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Workflows-Common Issues and Experiences at NOAA and CHS Linking Hydrographic Data Acquisition and Processing to Ocean Model Simulations Morphological Evolution of Nearshore Sandbank System Using Repeat Multibeam Sonar Surveys: Examples from the East Coast of the United Kingdom MS-PAC: Multibeam System Automatic Parameter calibration Navigating the Abyss: Tracking Subsea Navigation Data Next Generation Hydrographic Survey Launch Capability Next Generation of Paper Charts Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary - Integrated Ocean Mapping project for Multiple Uses Photogrammetric Bathymetry for the Canadian Arctic QPS Nautical Charting Workflow: Walking a ping from the surveyor all the way to the pilot Quantifying the Impact of Internal Wave Activity on Multibeam Bathymetry Radiometric Complications in Multibeam Multispectral Backscatter Data Due to Different Transmission Approaches, Solution and Results Shoreline Verification Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Spatial Resolution of Airborne Bathymetric Lidar: Point Density vs Light Scattering The Application of Laser Scanning for Vessel Reference and Sensor Offset Survey The Canadian Ocean Mapping Research and Education Network (COMREN) The Future of Crowdsourced Bathymetry: Fishfinder vs Leadline The Rapid Harbor Search and Rescue by Mapping and Detecting the Seafloor with Acoustic Instruments Topographic-Bathymetric Lidar Total Propagated Uncertainty Modeling Transformation of Legal Canada Lands Surveys Records to Authoritative Digital Records 51 2

3 Uncertainty Estimates in Satellite Derived Bathymetry Utilization of U.S. Geodetic Service coastal water level gauges in Mississippi to check VDatum tidal datum to NAD83 vertical separations Why Did the Clipper Clip It? WITHDRAWN: Accessing Intensity: Making the Canadian Hydrographic Service s Backscatter Inventory available online WITHDRAWN: Generating 100m resolution bathymetric surface cells Yukon River Delta Investigations to Support Satellite Derived Bathymetry Validation

4 3D Nation Requirements and Benefits Study: Valuing Elevation Data 22 Hydrographic standards, procedures and guidelines Unattended Poster No Preference The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey are sponsoring a study to design a 3D Nation Requirements and Benefits Study. This study will be a follow-on to the National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEEA) and will update the NEEA study and collect requirements and benefits from users of coastal/nearshore and offshore bathymetry. The 3D Nation Requirements and Benefits Study will take into account new technologies for elevation data collection as well as new uses of the elevation data. It will also take into account the refresh requirements for different activities and geographies, to include coastal areas. This presentation will include an overview of the plan for collecting user requirements and benefits as well as the study timeline. Study considerations will include target study participants, what activities they are currently engaged in, their geographic area of interest, their data requirements for an integrated national elevation dataset, and the future benefits they could expect to realize if their stated requirements for elevation data were met. 4

5 A crowdsource approach for capacity building in North Canada / session title: Crowd sourcing 59 Crowd sourcing Unattended Poster A crowd-sourced bathymetry (CSB) scenario has been designed for the Northern Canada area as a response to situations where the lack of hydrographic infrastructure makes soundings reduction from basic depth measurements very challenging and where the data redundancy is not sufficient to use solely statistical tools as a mean of sounding estimation. The CSB scenario consist to train Innuit communities to the use of prequalified and integrated single beam systems. The pre-qualified system used are Hydroballs, developed by CIDCO. The first pilot project occurred during the summer 2017, and involve two communities located in the Quebec province (Kuujjuarapik and Quaqtaq). The presentation will detail the systems used, how the have been deployed in these two communities, how we trained local people to used them and what are the benefitsof this project for the local communities. In particular, we will detail the lesson learned throught these two deployments, and how the CSB scenario we used could be generalized to contribute to the IHO capacity building programmes. This work has been conducted in the framework of the project Crowd- Sourced Bathymetry in the Northern Canada area, a project gathering the following partners from the COMREN network: - UNB (NB) - York University (ON) - Marine Institute (Memorial University) (NL) 5

6 A Design for a Trusted Community Bathymetry System 47 Crowd sourcing Crowd-sourced bathymetry (CSB) has received a significant amount of attention in recent years. Although increasing amounts of data are being collected, attributed, and archived, finding a route to the nautical chart has been problematic. Partially, this is due to a lack of formal means to represent data quality on the chart, but is mostly due to lack of qualifying information for the data. CSB efforts generally suffer from a lack of calibration, leading to time-varying and uncontrolled vertical offsets. Assumptions that these issues can be resolved by having a sufficient number of independent observations (the "wisdom of crowds'" argument) are often frustrated by basic physical limitations: the ocean is big, and ships are (relatively) small. Except in limited circumstances, or specific areas, the chances of having any repeated measurements are vanishingly small. As an alternative to the collection of unqualified (CSB) data, we propose a data collection system which, by construction, provides sufficient guarantees of data quality to allow the measurements to be considered for hydrographic use. We call this method Trusted Community Bathymetry (TCB). A TCB system resolves many CSB issues through significantly improved vertical positioning. High-accuracy, high-precision post-processed 3D GNSS solutions allow for the estimation of vertical offsets so that autonomous calibration is possible; ellipsoidreferenced depths obviate the need to apply tidal corrections to the data. Given a known offset, similar techniques can be used to autonomously establish calibration sites. TCB systems can also cross-calibrate CSB data. We demonstrate these ideas using a prototype TCB system developed by SeaID Ltd., which combines a NMEA data logger with a GNSS system. By comparison with survey-grade GNSS and INS systems, we demonstrate how to establish the vertical offset calibration in a system, and the construction of a calibration site. We also qualify the fundamental performance of the prototype system. 6

7 Accuracy of the Pacific Region Hydrographic Vertical Separation Surface model using 2016/2017 Field Data 56 Ellipsoidal reference surfaces Attended Poster Poster Presentation (Attended Poster) A comparison of the bathymetry reduced using the vessel s satellite-derived vertical position and the Hydrographic Vertical Separation model (HyVSEPs) to traditionally derived water level values indicates the model s performance to accurately predict separation values. During the 2016/2017 Pacific region field seasons, statistics were generated for multiple sites in a variety of tidal regimes throughout the British Columbia coast. In this study, we investigate the data to evaluate model accuracy and suggest improvements that will adjust the model accuracy in future iterations. 7

8 Accuracy of the Pacific Region Hydrographic Vertical Separation Surface model using 2016/2017 Field Data 64 Ellipsoidal reference surfaces Poster Presentation (Attended Poster) A comparison of the bathymetry reduced using the vessel s satellite-derived vertical position and the Hydrographic Vertical Separation model (HyVSEPs) to traditionally derived water level values indicates the model s performance to accurately predict separation values. During the 2016/2017 Pacific region field seasons, statistics were generated for multiple sites in a variety of tidal regimes throughout the British Columbia coast. In this study, we investigate the data to evaluate model accuracy and suggest improvements that will adjust the model accuracy in future iterations. 8

9 Assessing Sounding Density for a Seabed 2030 Initiative 40 Marine geospatial infrastructure In preparation for a U.S. Seabed 2030 initiative, a team from NOAA's Office of Coast Survey, the University of New Hampshire Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, and NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) embarked on a bathymetric coverage and gap analysis. The project was designed to serve two purposes: (1) determine and compute the mapped and not mapped areas of the US EEZ and continental shelf, and (2) provide a quantitative and visual representation to support the planning of integrated coastal and ocean mapping campaign. All modern depth soundings (1960 or later) in the U.S. EEZ and adjacent continental shelf were extracted from NCEI databases and associated with a 100-m grid of the area. To perform accurate area computations in regional partitions across the US full EEZ and effectively manage server resources, the work was divided into approximately 170 UTM tiles, each spanning 6 degrees in longitude and 4 degrees in latitude. The results were analyzed for sounding density, and divided into categories of coverage for display in a GIS environment. This presentation will show the methods and results of this project and present some possible next steps. Authors: Meredith Westington (OCS), Paul Johnson (CCOM), Andrew Armstrong (OCS/CCOM), Mike Sutherland (NCEI/CIRES), Jesse Varner (NCEI/CIRES), and Jennifer Jencks (NCEI) 9

10 Autonomous Navigation of US Nautical Charts 46 Autonomous vehicles Although much interest has been given to the use of autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) for hydrographic data collection, little thought has been given to the utility of currently available chart products for safe navigation of the ASV itself. In the United States, chart products are currently available in digital form, as both cartographic raster images of traditional paper charts and as vector representations of cartographic data, ( BSB files and electronic nautical charts (ENCs), respectively). Here we evaluate these chart products with an eye to common methods by which artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms would likely use them. We find that the raster cartographic nature of BSB nautical charts leaves a complex interpretation problem for computers to recognize and understand their nuance. However, the BSB cartographic representation holds useful information that can be difficult to infer from electrical nautical charts, particularly when size of objects are implicitly tied to the scale of the chart. Further we find that while ENCs provide near instantaneous interpretation, the data must be reorganized for fast search. Additionally, some features, notably docks and breakwaters, are represented in the ENC in a single dimension (a line) even though they subtend a finite second dimension, forcing the AI algorithm to buffer objects to ensure safe navigation. When objects fail to have explicit measurements (for example a measured depth) encoded in the ENC, one is left to interpret their relative hazard from qualitative descriptions. This interpretation can be particularly challenging when the qualitative descriptions are referenced to the local vertical datum. Finally, the ENC s compilation scale, when encoded, is particularly useful as it provides an implicit measure of uncertainty about the chart information, determining the granularity with which navigation choices can be made. 10

11 Autonomous Unmanned Surface Vessel Bathymetric Survey 48 Autonomous vehicles In 2017, Leidos participated in both the Gulf of Mexico Unmanned Systems Operational Demonstration (GOMOD) and the Advanced Naval Technology Exercise 2017 (ANTX 2017). Leidos used the R/V Pathfinder vessel, which is the surrogate testing platform to the Sea Hunter medium displacement unmanned surface vessel (MDUSV), and performed multibeam sonar hydrographic surveys in autonomous mode. The vessel maintained COLREGs (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) compliance reacting to both real-world and injected interferers to test the ability of the system to divert from the planned survey line during a COLREGS maneuver and the re-acquire the survey line once safe to do so. This paper will present the R/V Pathfinder systems, the results from the surveys, and next steps. 11

12 Autonomous vehicles: The Canadian Hydrographic Service Journey 11 Authors: Roger Côté, Annie Biron, Ghislain Bouillon and Éric Lebel The Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) has entered in a positive and productive era with a significant increase of resources. This is an outstanding opportunity for CHS to review its operational model, especially in the acquisition and management of source data. The use of new technologies, crowd source information and new methodologies is a trend in the international hydrographic community and, as always, the CHS is willing to play a major role in the development and implementation of these new assets. Hydrographic Organizations (HO s) traditionally use acoustic sonar systems mounted on various platforms and manoeuvered by experienced coxswains and/or officers to collect and disseminate source data internally in order to produce nautical products. This has proven to be very efficient but it implies that hydrographers must operate systems and sometimes put themselves at risk in harsh environments. New technologies and techniques like LiDAR, autonomous vehicles and Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) will enable HO s to choose in a broader range of technologies to obtain data without putting their staffs at risk and do more with less. CHS recently bought 2 AHSV s (Autonomous Hydrographic Surface Vehicles) and converted one survey launch to make it autonomous (named: Autonomous Hydrographic Survey Launch (AHSL)). They are equipped with complete multibeam and INS systems. CHS is planning to use them this summer and define an operational model and the limitation, and define how they will be included in CHS current operations. This paper will give you an overview of the procurement process, the trials, the processing, the results and the quality of the data obtained with those systems. You ll discover that being first is not always an easy process, but the results worth the efforts. 12

13 Bathymetric Surfaces to Charted Features: Defining a Smooth Path to Safety 29 Charting innovations Bathymetric Surfaces to Charted Features: Defining a Smooth Path to Safety Stuart A. MacGillivray (Senior Software Developer) Teledyne CARIS, Fredericton stuart.macgillivray@teledyne.com Karen Cove (Product Manager) Presenter Teledyne CARIS, Fredericton karen.cove@teledyne.com Efficiently generating smooth contours for navigation from bathymetric surfaces remains a challenge. While the definition of new and innovative products like the S-102 Bathymetric Surface implies that the future may provide new ways to deliver safe, high-quality data to mariners, the current paradigm relies on contours. In addition to the traditional and highly generalized ENC delivery of this information, we also have the opportunity to produce complementary high-resolution overlays in sensitive and high-traffic areas. While these bathymetric data overlays (bencs) provide an opportunity to provide denser, more accurate, and timely information to the mariner, the problems in constructing smooth contours are compounded by the volume of data to analyze and the number of geometries to construct. In order to meet these requirements there is a need for tools that address the hydrographic constraints of safety, legibility, topology and waterbody morphology. Other drivers are the need to quickly and automatically produce results on high volume datasets and to reduce the time spent by hydrographers on manual validation. Scalability, performance and automation are key drivers for success. Two distinct approaches have been considered and will be presented. Both strategies make use of established research combined with original revisions. The first is based on the idea of using a consistent smoothed surface model. This model can then be used to generate contours that will be smoother, self-consistent, topologically correct, and safe with respect to the original data. The second approach is direct contour smoothing using a method referred to as energy-minimizing snakes. This is paired with resolving conflicts in contour sets and new approaches to curvature gradients to optimize results. 13

14 Benefits and Impacts to Nautical Charting by Adopting a New Reference Frame 41 Charting innovations NOAA s Office of Coast Survey (OCS) is responsible for maintaining the nautical charts for the nation and most of the publications for the coasts and Great Lakes. Currently there are over 1000 nautical charts in vector and raster format and roughly 95,000 miles of shoreline that OCS is responsible for. Providing accurate metadata and geospatial information on man-made features, depths, rocks, aids and dangers to navigation, and vessel traffic separation schemes, are paramount for the agency and require several strategic approaches for being successful. As NOAA and OCS continue the migration from paper to electronic charts, building seamless databases that distribute accurate navigational products and services requires proper identification of geospatial information and adoption of the most accurate reference frame and datum. In 2022 the National Geodetic Survey, NOAA will be replacing the current North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) with a more accurate one that is geocentric and derived using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology. One significant difference between the two frames is the origin of NAD 83 is offset from the origin of the new frame by approximately 2.2 m. Adoption of the new frame will therefore change the horizontal and vertical components of all NAD 83 positions in the United States and Canada and the magnitude of change to each component is dependent on the geographic location on the Earth. This paper will explore the steps necessary to adopt a new reference frame and datum as well as highlighting the possible impacts that may affect the geospatial foundation of all nautical charts. 14

15 Berthing scale Electronic Navigational Charts: combining multibeam echo-sounder data and laser scanner data into a seamless product 65 Charting innovations Attended Poster Canada s trading patterns are shifting and putting additional pressure on Canada s railways and ports to meet the growing demand for Canadian commodities, said Len Coad, Research Director, Public Policy, The Conference Board of Canada. As a result of increased rail volumes, British Columbian ports will need to contend with an additional 7 million tonnes of agricultural products by Commodities such as wheat, forest products, and energy are expected to be the main drivers of growth. In 2016, with the anticipated increase in marine transportation and in consultation with the B.C. Coast Pilots, the Canadian Hydrographic Service initiated a berthing scale (< 2000 scale) Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) project. The growth in marine transportation translates into larger ships with deeper drafts visiting more ports more often. For this reason, the berthing scale ENC is a fitting product for modern navigation. To create the berthing scale ENC`s, CHS achieved a centimetric (IHO special order) accuracy using multibeam echo-sounder (MBES) and laser scanner technologies. Ensuring the same accuracy for both the bathymetry and the above-water construction features (wharf face, fuel docks, bollards, etc.) was crucial. A Teledyne Optech ILRIS laser scanner was utilized to collect the drying part of the data. CHS Pacific developed a method to combine the MBES and ILRIS data into a seamless dataset, using a post processed kinematic solution. The end result is a highly accurate navigational product created with cutting edge surveying technology, which maximizes the safety and efficiency of navigation and care for the environment. 15

16 Best Practices for shallow water topo-bathymetric lidar surveys 32 Airborne and space-borne survey techniques Topo-bathymetric lidar sensors offer a unique ability to capture the white ribbon, the zone between the land and the deeper water, where data can be challenging to acquire. The Chiroptera II system is equipped with two lasers: a 1064 nm topographic & water surface laser capable of a pulse repetition of 500 khz and a 515 nm laser capable of a pulse repetition of 35 khz and a RCD30 multispectral camera. This sensor is ideal for surveying the white ribbon, however water clarity can limit the amount of depth penetration. Additional constraints effecting the lidar sea floor returns include the reflectively of the bottom and the occurrence of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). We deploy real-time turbidity buoys that are connected to the internet to inform the lidar operations team on water clarity conditions. Extensive ground truthing is carried out near synchronously with the aerial survey to understand the water and seabed conditions and to map the height of SAV. In addition to updating the bathymetry of coastal areas and harbours, the intensity data from the green laser can be combined with elevation metrics (e.g. roughness) and the photography to generate benthic cover maps. The seamless elevation model are used to generate coastal hydrodynamic models. These circulation models that exploit the high resolution seamless DEM, benthic maps and height SAV as input parameters for roughness and can be used in variety of applications including: tracking the trajectory of contaminants (e.g. oil, bacteria), suitability analysis for siting new aquaculture farms, and storm surge and wave models. 16

17 Building Robust Observational Systems to supply Dynamic Hydrographic Products for E-navigation under Canada's Ocean Protection Plan 33 E Navigation Attended Poster Poster Presentation (Attended Poster) Reliable and robust delivery of accurate quality assured observational data is a key requirement of existing and developing dynamic electronic navigational systems. Under Canada's new Ocean Protection Plan (OPP) the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) will both, rebuild and nationalize its observational data systems, and expand and nationalize delivery of dynamic hydrographic products derived from these observational, predictive, and forecast data. This presentation will overview plans and progress towards these new systems: gauges, communications, database structures, QC and forecasting. 17

18 Canada's Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure and Marine Cadastre application 12 The Canadian Hydrographic Service (DFO) and the Surveyor General branch (NRCan) have lately worked together in the development of a Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) pilot project prototype, with a Marine Cadastre application. The primary focus was on three areas of interests: - The Bay of Fundy (East), - The Dickson entrance (West), and - The Beaufort Sea (North). The vision of the CHS Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) is to design and implement a framework of geographic data, metadata, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way. The intent for the Surveyor General Branch for a marine cadastre is to develop an integrated system of registries, fundamental for a systematic public recording of all recognised legal rights, restrictions, and responsibilities; and aiming at providing a legal foundation for the management of Canada s oceans and more certainty for industry and capital investment. The MSDI and its applications, is developed to show case and validate an allinclusive Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) solution which focuses on marine geospatial domain and activities. 18

19 Charlene and Automated Hydrographic Data Processing 15 Data processing Hydrographic data processing can be a tedious and time-consuming task, especially over large areas. NOAA field units execute a standard routine each night to generate products used for creating the next day s plan and basic data quality control, and thus rapid and accurate processing is vital. Recognizing this need in the industry, both Teledyne CARIS and Applanix have recently released a set of tools that provide access to their core processing algorithms, providing any users with basic scripting or programming skills the ability to automate most, or all, of their data processing. NOAA has developed an opensource Python application we call Charlene, that integrates Caris Batch and Applanix POSPac Batch utilities as well as NOAA developed tools for quality control and data transfer. Charlene has been in testing and production for most of 2017, allowing NOAA field units to fully automate daily processing, thus ensuring an efficient, timely workflow. The Charlene workflow is around 10% faster than manual operations, but more importantly, requires no operator time after the initial setup and run. As a result, the hydrographer has more time to analyze data quality issues, work on existing projects, and make timely operational decisions based on the previous day s data. 19

20 Comparing the Automatic Boresight Calibration against the Patch Test 27 High-precision surveys Comparing the Automatic Boresight Calibration against the Patch Test Eli Leblanc (Geomatics Software Developer, )1 Burns Foster (Product Manager, )1 1Teledyne CARIS, 115 Waggoners Lane, Fredericton, NB, CANADA, E3B 2L4 Abstract Although it has been used for almost 2 decades, the traditional patch-test to estimate the boresight angles between IMU and sonar has several drawbacks related, among others, to its subjectivity, cost, and the inability to deal with the correlation between roll, pitch and yaw. The motivation behind the new Multibeam-IMU Boresight Automatic Calibration (MIBAC, CIDCO) algorithm was to design a new boresight calibration method that addresses these concerns through a systematic approach to boresight determination. This presentation will introduce a practical integration of the MIBAC tool, and discuss the results and performance in comparison with the traditional patch-test approach. 20

21 Developmental and Operational Dynamic Ocean Modeling to support Dynamic Hydrographic Products under Canada Oceans Protection Plan 34 E Navigation Attended Poster Operational ocean model derived now-cast and fore-cast data capturing both the spatially and temporal variability of both water-levels and surface currents are key inputs for fully functional Dynamic Electronic Navigation Systems. Under Canada's new Ocean Protection Plan (OPP) the Department of Fisheries and Oceans' (DFO) Ecosystem and Ocean Science (EOS), the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) will develop integrated national capability to provide and support operational ocean modeling systems to feed the distribution of model derived dynamic hydrographic products. Over the 5 year duration of the OPP fully functional operational systems will be deployed to service the harbours and near and far field approaches for: The Port of Saint John, NB; Port Hawkesbury, NS; the Saint Lawrence River Corridor; Port of Metro Vancouver, BC; Fraser River, BC; and Prince Rupert and the Kitimat, BC. This presentation will overview the strategies and techniques employed to achieve these solutions and will provide demonstration at one example location. 21

22 Dynamic information in support of safe and efficient navigation in Canada. 30 E Navigation Under Canada s Ocean Protection Plan, Department of Fisheries and Ocean Canada more specifically Canadian Hydrographic Service is fully engaged in delivering operational dynamic information on tides, currents and bathymetry. Increasing safety and efficiency of navigation is the prime driver but accessible, standardised, modern dynamic information will help the entire marine community. Project deliverables and major milestones will be reviewed. Joining strengths of oceanographers and CHS expertise on standards and services, this presentation will explain what Ocean Protection Plan is putting in place in terms of modern and robust solutions to support the future of navigation in Canada. 22

23 Eastern Canada Bathymetric LiDAR survey 19 Airborne and space-borne survey techniques Unattended Poster From the fall of 2016 to the summer of 2017, IIC collected and processed over 10,000 sq. km of bathymetric LiDAR data and multispectral/hyperspectral imagery for the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS). The project included four areas (Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island). The team utilized the Optech CZMIL sensor mounted in a Piper Navajo. The project contained many challenges, including remote areas with no gasoline, nor'easter storms, snow, frigid temperatures and highly variable water conditions. This presentation will highlight the project and results, innovative technologies, as well as the many lessons learned in the process. 23

24 etrac's Evaluation of Qimera: Accomplishing the NOAA Workflow 28 Charting innovations etrac s 2017 NOAA task orders in the state of Florida cover over 100 miles, from Sarasota to Naples, with area coverage requirements prioritized per NOAA s hydrographic health model. These include inlets, ferry routes, and over 100 feature investigations, which are particularly important after the passage of Hurricane Irma. etrac, with their considerable resources and skilled personnel, is well-suited to handle such a project, and at the same time prides itself in their ability to be on the leading edge of new tools and capabilities. QPS Qimera emphasizes above all a clean and streamlined workflow, one that minimizes the error-prone human tasks that traditionally have been required in hydrographic data processing. With etrac operating three survey vessels daily, each with dual-head multibeam echo sounders, plus with the considerable feature requirements, there is excellent opportunity to evaluate Qimera s data throughput capabilities, dynamic workflows, and finally, its latest functionality S-57 feature management. Additionally, etrac showcases the benefit of QPS QINSy for acquisition with real-time integration capabilities and seamless project migration to Qimera, there is potential for significant gains in efficiency. Qimera will be evaluated during this project, with particular attention paid to the rapid data processing turnaround that is required by etrac to ensure quality standards per NOAA specifications. Furthermore, the benefits of Qimera s processing state management and guided workflows for the etrac personnel on-scene with varying experience levels will be assessed. Lastly, Qimera s S-57 capabilities built with new, innovative methodology, in-spirit with the Qimera philosophy of removing human error from what is traditionally a quite tedious process will be introduced. Both advantages and lessons learned will be included, and the benefits measurably delivered by Qimera for etrac and NOAA alike will be presented. 24

25 Evaluating Externally Sourced Bathymetric Data for Nautical Charting Purposes 42 Data management International Hydrographic Standards drive the requirements for any bathymetric data utilized by hydrographic offices in their nautical chart products. However, what should hydrographic organizations do with readily available, modern survey data acquired by a nonhydrographic source? In many cases, these data may be the best available for nautical chart updates but may meet a lesser IHO accuracy standard. Failure to incorporate the best available data to nautical charts causes discrepancies with other mapping sources, and represents a dangerous choice given to the mariner. The quantity of available bathymetric data from non-hydrographic sources and sources not contracted for hydrographic survey will only continue to grow. This presentation will explore NOAA Office of Coast Survey s initiatives and progress over the past year in expanding the breadth and capacity for utilizing externally sourced data to improve nautical charts. The primary topics will include the methods of data discovery, documentation and tracking, challenges in making the data discoverable, use cases and chartablity of data received, the results experienced by Office of Coast Survey, and the lessons learned. 25

26 GNSS Wave Sensor Module for Deployment on Existing Buoy Infrastructure: Comparison and Validation of Colocated GNSS and Accelerometer Wave Sensors 35 Unique hydrographic applications Attended Poster Poster Teaser in Session (2 mins) A standalone OEM GNSS wave sensor module is co-located on an existing accelerometer based wave buoy for statistical comparison. Real-time data is returned via onboard cellular and iridium modules, depending on coverage. Processing of GNSS data utilizes known ocean kinematic algorithms, taking advantage of the most favourable GNSS satellite geometries available to the receiver at the time of processing. Further filtering is done on the kinematic results to reduce ionospheric, tropospheric and ephemeris errors. Additional validation of both the standalone GNSS and accelerometer solutions is provided through short baseline GNSS post-processing using PPK (Post-Processed Kinematic) techniques. Comparison of significant wave height, maximum wave height, peak wave period, wave direction and spread are undertaken. Traditional wave parameter statistics were used in comparing data of the co-located sensors including: mean absolute error, RMSE, bias, and accuracy as a percentage. In comparison to the accelerometer wave data, the GNSS data demonstrates good accuracy. There is potential for numerous applications retrofitting existing buoy infrastructure as well as new buoys yet to be deployed. 26

27 Haida Gwaii ENC and Paper scheme 63 Other topics relating to hydrography Attended Poster Lightning Presentation (5 mins) This presentation will demonstrate the methodology used to create a cell based ENC scheme (and paper chart scheme) for Haida Gwaii. Haida Gwaii is a good candidate for experimenting with a cell based ENC model as very few ENC's currently exist in this area. 27

28 Hydrogaphic Risk Assessment - Antarctica 20 Other topics relating to hydrography Keynote Presentation (45 mins) The updating of Nautical Charting, based on risk is a relatively new science and a published methodology has only recently been endorsed by the IHO. A number of Hydrographic Risk Assessments have been undertaken, most recently for the whole of New Zealand EEZ waters and an approach to cost benefit for charting upgrades has been developed. Another large risk Assessment is progressing, this time covering the Antarctic waters of the Ross Sea together with the waters surrounding the remote Sub-Antarctic Islands. The development of appropriate risk criteria for risk calculations for this area is challenging, as the environment is key. Ship traffic is low, making risk definition between locations difficult to quantify, but the level of cruise interest is rising year on year. This paper explains the approach used to develop a Hydrographic Risk profile for these remote waters and with the permission of Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), will share some preliminary results. 28

29 Improved sound speed control through remotely detecting thermocline undulations 18 Water column mapping Internal waves are a common phenomena associated with stratification developed in summer-time shallow tidal seas. They result in very rapid undulations in the main velocline which, if not accounted for, will result in significant refraction errors in multibeam data. Mechanical sound speed profiling, both static and mobile, cannot sample this structure adequately. Thus an alternate means of detecting and accounting for that variability is needed. Within the oceanographic community, it has long been recognized that a distinct volume scattering layer is often associated with major oceanographic boundaries. This reflects a combination of temperature/salinity microstructure or zooplankton around the pycnocline depth. Taking advantage of that, several weeks of multibeam survey on the Irish continental shelf were undertaken during which multispectral acoustic scattering data from an EK60 echo sounder was acquired together with an MVP profiler deployed every ~ ½ hour. A directional filter algorithm has been developed to try and extract the location and undulations of the scattering layer(s) from the EK60 echograms. The extracted layer depth was then compared to the velocline found in each of the discrete MVP profiles. Variability in the correlation between the extracted layer and the actual peak velocline is used to assess the accuracy of the method. Where it is deemed successful, the observed sound speed structure can then be shifted on a ping by ping basis to try and emulate the internal wave activity.this way, ray tracing would be possible using a unique profile for every ping. The results of this approach are presented, particularly focusing on periods when the correlation was poorer. This was noted to occur at dawn and dusk due to the diurnal plankton migration. The Celtic Sea is recognized as an area of a relatively strong thermocline, and thus this method may be less useful in more complex stratification conditions. 29

30 Integrated solution for seafloor mapping, processing and distribution. 23 Data management Attended Poster Keynote Presentation (45 mins) Kongsberg Digital has developed a new digital platform: KognifAI. The goal with the Kognifai open platform ecosystem is to level the playing field and let everyone participate: customers, partners, vendors, ISVs, industry clusters, and entrepreneurs alike. Whether you work for a small company with limited resources or a large multinational organization, whether you own industry assets or is a vendor delivering services to it, Kognifai is open to everyone who wants to participate and help transform the industry through digitalization. KognifAI allows sonar data from multibeam echosounders and other sensors to be stored in a cloud environment. The data can then be processed in near real time and made available for distribution immediately. The Seafloor Information System is the logging system for Kongsberg Multibeams and together with the post-processing software SIS Plus it allows operators to store data in the KognifAI ecosystem. From there various products can be made by combining sonar data with data from other sources to provide the end-user with a complete understanding of the environment. These products can be available to everyone with access to KognifAI, from anywhere in the world, enabling both true remote control of an ongoing operation and access to results from previous operations. 30

31 Integrating Bathymetric Datasets in the Lower Saint John River to produce a Common Reference Surface 53 Data processing Attended Poster Lightning Presentation (5 mins) The Ocean Mapping Group has been involved with collecting multibeam bathymetry and oceanography data in the Lower Saint John River and Port of Saint John since the late 1990s. This area is characterized by a complex estuary where the Saint John River meets the large tides from the Bay of Fundy in the Port of Saint John. The bathymetry was collected using multiple vessels in small projects, by different groups, and is referenced to multiple different vertical datums. The goal of the project was to create a seamless bathymetric surface with a common datum and resolution for use in a local high-resolution ocean modelling simulation. To achieve this goal, issues relating the age of the datasets, collection with multiple vessels and sensors, and combining datasets referenced to both river and chart datum had to be overcome. This project involved combining, processing, and cleaning these datasets while reducing them to a common vertical datum to create bathymetric surface products. These surface products and related oceanography data were then integrated into an online web mapping application for viewing and dissemination. 31

32 Lidar Data Integration for Nautical Publication and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Workflows-Common Issues and Experiences at NOAA and CHS. 50 Marine geospatial infrastructure Attended Poster Authors: Stephen Parsons, Mike Aslaksen, Gretchen Imahori, Graham Bondt, Clare McCarthy, Stephen White Over the last 10 years, enhancements to lidar sensors have encouraged the increased use of bathymetric lidar for a variety of applications. As a result, the quantity of bathymetric lidar data has increased substantially. Today, there remains an overwhelming struggle to fully integrate this data within a wide variety of data products requiring standard accuracy and attribution requirements. In the case of hydrographic office workflows, lidar data must suit current software applications used to produce Nautical Publications and is highly tied to the need to produce standard results that follow IHO standards (S-57). When lidar data enters the SDI data workflow the needs are somewhat different and are oriented around more general uses of the data, however, elements such as detailed attribution are more important. There are also many common issues that both workflows share. This paper describes the common issues and experiences that have been identified between NOAA and the CHS over the last several years and describes an overall, current approach to data integration to help better understand the needs and improvements required for an efficient and beneficial application of bathymetric lidar to a wider range of end users. 32

33 Linking Hydrographic Data Acquisition and Processing to Ocean Model Simulations 45 Data acquisition innovations Unattended Poster Numerical hydrodynamic ocean models and the hydrographic sciences are closely linked. Ocean models are capable of outputting physical oceanographic conditions, such as tides, currents and the distribution of temperature and salinity at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. To assist with model development, hydrographic survey bathymetry defines the bottom boundary of the model domain, and often nautical charts are used as a source of model coastlines and intertidal elevations. The potential exists for the development of a symbiotic relationship between the two sciences. Ocean modelling simulations require a detailed understanding of the shape and roughness of the seafloor to constrain the movement of water throughout an area but also output the physical oceanographic variables needed to process underwater acoustic data and help predict tidal elevations and current fluctuations. This paper investigates the interaction of ocean modelling and hydrographic surveying from several perspectives and examines the interdependence of both in terms of model construction and hydrographic data acquisition and processing. Three case studies are investigated in diverse oceanographic conditions, including a west coast fjord, a highly stratified estuary in the Bay of Fundy, and the Arctic. Past, present and future hydrographic survey integrations with ocean modelling are presented, ranging from estimating seafloor roughness to processing crowdsourced bathymetry data. 33

34 Morphological Evolution of Nearshore Sandbank System Using Repeat Multibeam Sonar Surveys: Examples from the East Coast of the United Kingdom 49 Other topics relating to hydrography The Inner Great Yarmouth sand banks (IGYSB) are a group of mobile nearshore banks in the southern North Sea, off the East Anglian coast in the United Kingdom. IGYSB movement can be hazardous for navigation, as access to two ports in the region is controlled. Therefore, a better understanding of the banks short-term trends and patterns can be employed to influence hydrographic surveying programme development strategies by focusing on the most highly dynamic areas. Time series data for 50 multibeam swath bathymetry surveys for the IGYSB system were undertaken from 2004 to The results of the trend analysis indicate that the IGYSBS are highly dynamic and have undergone significant morphological changes, with short-term variations from one bank to another due to hydrodynamic variations at their geographical location. The gross movement of the banks illustrates complex patterns demonstrating northern migration, as well as an increase in the banks physical extent in the alongshore direction. The results further illustrate that this migration is due to the shoaling and breaking of waves. The forward-backward motion of the flood and ebb provides additional erosional action of the sediments by means of traction, saltation, and suspension. The dominant factor of the banks migration is primarily controlled by large-scale, competing, and seasonal weather changes. The average maximum migration rates of the IGYSB system over the 11-year period were approximately 60.9 m yr-1; the average minimum migration rates were approximately 2.3 m yr-1. Furthermore, a strong relationship was found between the size of the banks and the migration rates. The smaller the banks, the more rapid their migration. During the 11-year period, most banks decreased in size. As of 2014, as a manifestation of the increased distance of migration, these banks have significantly decreased in volume. In addition, they may have reached their minimum possible or allowable size. 34

35 MS-PAC: Multibeam System Automatic Parameter calibration 61 System calibration Unattended Poster The aim of this paper is to present some recent results from a research project conducted by the CIDCO aiming to design new procedures and associated adjustment methods for automated calibration of MBES parameters. This research is done in collaboration with ENSTA Bretagne (France) and with the support of the SHOM (France). Three classes of methods have been designed: The first one, called MIBAC (MultiBeam IMU Automatic Boresight Calibration) is a fully automated method for calibrating the boresight between an IMU (or an INS) and a MBES. In addition to the calculation of boresight angles, the system provides boresight precision through a statistical analysis of error residuals. The second one, called MILAC (MultiBeam IMU Latency Automatic Calibration) is able to determine the IMU-MBES residual latency from a MBES data set with high accuracy and precision. This method can also detect the presence of time-stamping issues in quasi real-time. The third one, called LAAC (Lever Arm Automatic Calibration) is a tool devoted to the calibration of lever arms between the survey vessel position reference point and the acoustic center of a MBES. Like MILAC, this algorithm is capable of detecting lever-arm variations in quasi real-time. The three classes of methods will be illustrated by numerical results from a series of data sets from CHS, NOAA, SHOM, CIDCO and BSH. 35

36 Navigating the Abyss: Tracking Subsea Navigation Data 55 Data management Attended Poster Poster Presentation (Attended Poster) Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) manages a series of subsea cabled networked observatories, many of which are serviced with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and divers. Navigation data are collected from ROVs during dives using ultra-short baseline (USBL) and Doppler velocity log (DVL) systems, providing the location information for ROV-mounted video cameras, CTDs, and sonars. Divers servicing shallower observatory platforms are equipped with depth watches and are followed by a support boat with a Global Position System (GPS) device. These data provide location information to imagery and video cameras carried by the divers. There are challenges in integrating the resulting data into a single data model. However, as navigation software and systems vary among different ROVs, conversion processes are needed for parsing each system s data into a database, quality assurance and quality control processes are needed to flag outliers and erroneous data, and metadata are needed that track versioning histories of the different navigation systems. These processes have been applied to data from approximately 687 dives from 10 different ROV/diver systems. Resulting data can then be rendered into track lines, providing spatial representation of dive routes alongside divelevel metadata for use in a geographical information system and linked to video streaming tools. This is particularly useful when sourcing video or observations for a particular area or survey. Data are also extracted by timestamp to connect with point observations of biological features and survey start and end times. The end result is a sustainable workflow for subsea navigation data that is expandable to many data formats and underwater vehicles. 36