The Adoption and Utilization of Hazard Mitigation Practices by Jurisdictions along Gulf and Atlantic Coasts

Transcription

1 The Adoption and Utilization of Hazard Mitigation Practices by Jurisdictions along Gulf and Atlantic Coasts Alexander Abuabara, Walter Peacock 2017/Jun

2 Presentation Index Flooding Wind Surge Policies Project properties Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866 Authalic Sphere Units for distance meas.: Meters Units for area meas.: Square meters Projection: EPSG:2163 US National Atlas Equal Area Information source: US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center

3 base year 2015 Flooding data gathering m_counties.dta Michelle's 438 Atlantic counties 3,531 urban places Census counties: 438 out of 3,233 US counties 6,947 urban places: m_places: 2,593 identified in the census and 938 did not 2015 TIGER shapefiles counties (and equivalent) water NOAA coastal counties: 246 NOAA counties not in the research 427 NOAA matches 11 counties in the research are not in the NOAA database Q3: 56 counties countrywide: CD-ROM borrowed from Michigan s library geocomm data for Texas: tnris.org missing ones: bought from data.geocomm.com (7 counties: PA: Philadelphia, and SC: Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton, Darlington, Dorchester, Georgetown, Horry, Jasper) (my last update 2016/Oct) NFHL: 372 counties countrywide: FEMA tatus.shtml (my last update 2016/Sept)

4 Flooding data gathering, summary m_counties.dta Michelle's 438 Atlantic counties 3,531 urban places 438 counties m_places: 2,593 identified in the census and 938 did not NOAA coastal counties: 427 NOAA matches 11 counties in the research are not in the NOAA database

5 Limitations Q3 and NFHL can have differences, in resolution and classification Best Q3 resolution 1: NFHL can be as good as 1: counties in the research area still do not have any kind of flooding information: Windham, CT West Feliciana and Sabine, LA Franklin and Somerset, ME Belknap, NH Dorchester, SC Jim Hogg, Jim Wells and Newton, TX

6 Possible to find a lot of sources referring ultimately to FEMA such as: NFHL: Q3: New classification

7 Flooding workflow that did not work (1/2) projection: EPSG: NAD83 Texas Centric Albers Equal Area field calculator: $area split: by FIPS (5 numbers) census_mcounties_split projection: EPSG: NAD83 Texas Centric Albers Equal Area v.clean parameter: break, threshold 0.1 Polygon dissolve (all polygons) Difference Field calculator: Area_nowater census_mc_mw

8 Flooding workflow that did not work (2/2) census_mcounties_split Problem: FEMA flooding files can be problematic for some counties, bringing a lot of overlapping small and large polygons that dissolving was not accounting to clean (break up and join). It means that the flooding plain areas were not been summarized correctly. census_mc_mw Fema_NFHL Field calculator: Q3 or NFHL fema_flood Clip vectors by polygon Polygon dissolve, by attribute: New_code Field calculator: New_area mc Fema_Q3 mc_mw

9 Example of the results: Baldwin, AL census_mcounties_split census_mc_mw mc mc_mw

10 m_file: m_counties vs NOAA NOAA vs m_counties m_file vs COUNTIES m_file vs PLACES New workflow: coding flooding plain in R outline (code: 1027 lines) Flooding files: New_code interesect with COUNTIES interesect with PLACES interesect with WATER (skipped) could classify how much of FEMA are in water Compute: COUNTIES WATER Compute: PLACES WATER Adoption results: (COUNTY WATER) (PLACE WATER) Not destructive all data just reclassified and quantified Identified FEMA overlays and summarized unique values

11 Summary Runs on Windows, Mac, Linux (including the TAMU supercomputing) On Windows 7, all counties: 161,914 sec = approx. 45 hours of computing time Requires R (Rstudio recommended), and the following library: packages <- c("foreign","haven","rgdal","rgeos","raster","maptools","sp","stringi","reshape","plyr","data.table")

12 Results

13 Wind ASCE 7: for manufactured homes, wind zones are specified by the MHCSS/HUD (Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards) and are listed by County MHCSS lists Counties contained in Wind Zones II and III, used in FEMA 85 document* mph * FEMA P-85: Protecting Manufactured Homes from Floods and Other Hazards (2009)

14 Inundation = Surge Elevation Surge actually, Inundation Zachry, B. C., W. J. Booth, J. R. Rhome, and T. M. Sharon, 2015: A National View of Storm Surge Risk and Inundation. Weather, Climate, and Society, 7(2), DOI: D SLOSH simulations, Maximum Envelopes of Water (MEOWs) and Maximum of MEOWs (MOMs) next 3 slides The NOAA Office for Coastal Management high-resolution seamless raster elevation dataset ( U.S. Geological Survey 3D Elevation Program dataset ( Data are available in GeoTIFF ( Storm surge inundation datasets are created using the high tide scenario SLOSH MOM Datasets that correspond to 1 ft inundation bins: Class Value 1 corresponds to the 0-1 ft inundation bin, Class Value 2 corresponds to the 1-2 ft inundation bin, and so on. The maximum Class Value is 21, and inundation in excess of 20 ft is assigned a Class Value of 21. A Class Value of 99 is assigned to leveed areas 1/3 arc-second ~ 1m

15 Surge / Inundation

16 Surge models

17 Cat.1

18 Inundation overview Inundation: CAT4 (os. CAT5 had some problems) MOMs all areas with any inundation Walkthrough: vectorize GeoTIFF intersect by county clip county clip places by county dissolve both looping to get the areas and differences Summary: inundation = surge - elevation (~30x30 m) (1x1 km) (10x10 m) PS. Evacuation project: Dr. Wunneburger generalize GIS tool in order to less complicate polygon

19 Example 1 County with places (01003, AL Baldwin) Census Tiger: county boundary & places (2015) Census Tiger: county boundary & places & water (2015) County without water flooding plain Places without water flooding plain Inundation

20 Example 2 County without places (example 44001, RI Bristol)

21 Example 3 County totally covered by places (25025, MA Boston)

22 Example 4 County with levee (48201, TX Harris)

23 Example 4 County with levee (48201, TX Harris), water and no water

24 Example 4 County with levee (48201, TX Harris), water and no water Places Inundation outside places

25 Example 4 County with levee (48201, TX Harris), inundation everywhere and outside places

26 Identifed policies Policies

27 Suggestion for the next steps: Incorporate LandScan Analyze the populational distribution using LandScan and the flooding layer Analyze the populational distribution using LandScan and the surge layer Analyze the populational distribution using LandScan and the policies layer