GIS sources for terrain analyses

Transcription

1 GIS sources for terrain analyses major Ing. Josef Rada University of Defence Brno Czech Republic 1

2 Introduction - Project of VGHMÚř and University of Defence; - objective: search for the most effective manner of military terrain analyses. 2

3 Main and secondary goals - Main goal: analyze available geospatial data suitable for terrain analyses. - Secondary goals: search for national and abroad data sources; determine essential military geographical analyses. define influences of respective data to major military geographical analyses. 3

4 Materials and methods - Latest studies and doctoral works covering the topic; - department of military geography and meteorology research of military terrain analyses; - 15 years of authors own experience; - topo survey; - evaluation of geospatial data using ArcGIS modules; - statistical outputs. 4

5 Outline of the topic Types of military geographical analyses Relational chart of terrain layers including attributes Regionalization of geospatial data Research and evaluation of terrain data elevation data, soils, vegetation, river network Site survey military training areas Discussion 5

6 Military geographical analyses - Based on the method OCOKA: - Observation; - Concealment; - Obstacles; - Key terrain; - Avenues of approach. - Basic military geographical analyses: - Cross country movement; - Observation; - Cover and concealment; - Analysis of shooting. 6

7 Analyses 7

8 2nd International Doctoral Seminar in field of Geodesy, Geoinformatics and Geospace Relational chart of terrain layers 8

9 2nd International Doctoral Seminar in field of Geodesy, Geoinformatics and Geospace Foreign cooperation - Missions abroad - - KFOR, Resolute Support; adjacent states - - AFGHANISTAN Germany, Poland, Austria, Slovakia; NATO HQ SHAPE in Belgium. Size of data used in GeoS ACR 300 foreign vectors German topographic map TB 20 TB 50 TB 200 foreign rasters foreign imagery national vectors 50 national rasters 0 national imagery Size in GigaBytes historical imagery 9

10 2nd International Doctoral Seminar in field of Geodesy, Geoinformatics and Geospace Regionalisation of geospatial data - Different quality of data and geospatial services in different regions; generally: accuracy and up-to-dateness worsen in distance from areas of interest; availability of global vector data (MGCP) and elevation data (DTED, T-Rex). KOSOVO 10

11 Evaluation of source data - Digital models of terrain; - road network; - forests; - soils; - rivers and streams; - attributes of features. DMT 25 TM 25 attributes ZABAGED 11

12 2nd International Doctoral Seminar in field of Geodesy, Geoinformatics and Geospace Elevation data Contour lines and spot heights from topographic maps - DMR 1 1 x 1 km DMR x 100 m DMR 3 10 x 10 m DMR 4, DMR 5, DMP 1 Laser scanning data NATO Standards DTED 30 x 30 m T-Rex (MGCP model) 3D models output of laser scanning 12

13 Elevation data DMR 5 DMP 1 DTED T-Rex Drone 13

14 Influences of vegetation on elevation data - Growth of trees - Forest cutting - Wind - Precitipation - Erosion Fast growth/changes of trees lower accuracy of data Ageing of laser scanning data Reduced accuracy before wind calamity

15 Application of elevation data - Testing accuracy of vector data e.g. forest roads; Comparison in aerial imagery Comparison in digital model of terrain 5G 15

16 Road network Czech national sources: - Road databank state roads - National vector databases - ZABAGED, DMT 25 - Specialized databases forestry companies agency of nature protection Vector databases 16

17 Road network Foreign sources: - Global vector databases MGCP (1: ); - Open sources OpenStreetMap; - Local vector databases states, missions; - Topographic maps. Topographic map 1: Example of OpenStreetMap MGCP layers 17

18 Soil databases - Soil databases: National Geofond International - USCS National map of soils - Important soil factors: Soil type Surface roughness Vegetation cover Gravel surface with minor vegetation Soil type and depth 18

19 Vegetation datasets - ÚHÚL database - National vector databases - ZABAGED, DMT 25 - limited information size of forest, height, sort of trees - Foreign data very limited information distribution TM 25 attributes ÚHÚL database sort of trees Distance between trees, girth of stem 19

20 Inclination of slopes analysis - Inclination of slopes for passability on terrain; - inclination of roads; - use of suitable data source balance effectiveness and accuracy. Comparison of datasets on terrain profile Consider micro relief elements Elevetion data SRTM/TanDEM-X 20

21 Observation and visibility analysis - Analysis of differences in profiles and areal hidden spots; - Data: DMR 5, DMP 1 Profile construction of hidden spots Areal construction of hidden spots Result of use of various models Influence of atmosphere 21

22 Site survey - Utilization of results of previous dissertational works; - Topo survey in military training areas Hradiště in 2017 and Boletice in Map of military training area Military training area divided to zones 22

23 Site survey - Update of topographic maps is under way; - Focus on detailed mapping of military training areas; - Check for changes in road layer and micro relief. Results of previous disertational works Military training areas of the Czech Republic 23

24 Demanding parts of site survey - Reconcile topo survey with shooting exercises; - hilly terrain - passability of cars; - problematic signal of GSM and GPS. GSM signal coverage car stuck in mud 24

25 Results of topo recce - 95% of pre-defined objects verified; - topo recce is time consuming; - not 100% of existing objects were checked; need to balance the quantity of features and time. table of line features 25

26 2nd International Doctoral Seminar in field of Geodesy, Geoinformatics and Geospace Site survey observations Intense lumber cutting activity bad quality roads Tree blocking forest track Driving through forest Not existing roads 26

27 Site survey observations Verification of elevation model in micro relief Measurement of slopes in low forest Low accuracy in forests Use of geodetic GPS device with mobile corrections 27

28 Statistical evaluation - Over 300 measured features from 4 separate locations; - Plan: at least 5000 points for statistical evaluation; - Normal or Poissons distribution; - comparison of various elevation datasets and measured values in the terrain; - density of roads in the area statistical test grid. 3D statistical grid Poissons distribution Statistical test grid 28

29 Discussion Goal: reveal the best suitable approach of geodata evaluation for terrain analyses 29

30 Discussion Results and visions: Enlarge statistical sample Select best data suitable for terrain analyses Discover method for elevation data comparison Discover method of road density evalution Automize statistical assessment of terrain analyses 30

31 Questions